| 1. |
- Prikken, Sofie, et al.
(author)
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Illness intrusiveness in parents of youth with type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal study.
- 2020
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In: Pediatric diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-5448 .- 1399-543X. ; 21:5, s. 890-899
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes in youth has a wide-ranging impact on families. This study aimed at a better understanding of experiences and difficulties that parents may encounter in their lives. Parental illness intrusiveness (i.e., a parent's perception that the illness of one's child interferes with one's personal life) was prospectively examined in mothers and fathers.Parental dyads (n=291) completed four annual questionnaires on parental illness intrusiveness, depressive symptoms, and treatment adherence of their child. Youth reported on their treatment adherence.First, cross-lagged models showed that mothers' illness intrusiveness predicted relative increases in both mothers' and fathers' illness intrusiveness over time. Similar effects were found for fathers. Second, paired-samples t-tests revealed higher illness intrusiveness in mothers at baseline. Latent growth curve modeling showed that mothers' illness intrusiveness generally decreased over time, while fathers' illness intrusiveness remained constant. Third, from a person-centered approach, multivariate latent class growth analysis identified three classes of parental couples: one with low and decreasing illness intrusiveness (54%), one with slightly elevated illness intrusiveness that remained stable over time (37%), and one with high illness intrusiveness that decreased in mothers but remained stable in fathers (9%). More parental depressive symptoms were reported in this latter class, while treatment adherence did not differ among the classes.Most parents in this sample reported rather low illness intrusiveness over time, yet some experienced a major impact of the illness. Examining parental illness intrusiveness may provide a better understanding of the specific challenges parents are confronted with. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Raymaekers, Koen, et al.
(author)
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A guide to improve your causal inferences from observational data.
- 2020
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In: European journal of cardiovascular nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-1953 .- 1474-5151. ; 19:8, s. 757-762
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- True causality is impossible to capture with observational studies. Nevertheless, within the boundaries of observational studies, researchers can follow three steps to answer causal questions in the most optimal way possible. Researchers must: (a) repeatedly assess the same constructs over time in a specific sample; (b) consider the temporal sequence of effects between constructs; and (c) use an analytical strategy that distinguishes within from between-person effects. In this context, it is demonstrated how the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model can be a useful statistical technique. A real-life example of the relationship between loneliness and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease is provided to show how the model can be practically implemented.
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| 3. |
- Raymaekers, Koen, et al.
(author)
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A Person-Centered Perspective on the Role of Peer Support and Extreme Peer Orientation in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study.
- 2020
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In: Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-4796.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite clear evidence that peers are crucial for youth development, research on the role of peers for youth with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is scarce.The present study identified trajectory classes of perceived peer functioning in youth with T1D, based on peer support and extreme peer orientation (EPO). Further, classes were compared with respect to their trajectories of depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, treatment adherence, and HbA1c values.Five hundred and fifty-nine youth (14-25 years) with T1D completed questionnaires at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years later. Latent class growth analysis identified classes of perceived peer functioning. Multigroup latent growth curve modelling assessed whether these classes were characterized by different trajectories of general and diabetes-specific functioning.A socially normative class (48%) was characterized by trajectories of high support and low EPO over time. A socially reserved class (29%) was characterized by low support and EPO, and a socially oriented class (17%) by high support and EPO. Finally, a socially vulnerable class (6%) was characterized by low support and high EPO. The normative class functioned significantly better over time than the other classes. The vulnerable class functioned significantly worse compared to the reserved class, despite experiencing equally low levels of support.The results underscore the need to take youths' orientation toward the peer context into account alongside support when tapping into the role of peers, because individuals with low levels of support and EPO functioned substantially better than individuals with similar low levels of support but high levels of EPO.
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| 4. |
- Raymaekers, Koen, et al.
(author)
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The Social Context and Illness Identity in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study.
- 2020
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In: Journal of youth and adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6601 .- 0047-2891. ; 49:2, s. 449-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Youth with type 1 diabetes are confronted with the challenging task of integrating diabetes into their identity. This integration process, referred to as illness identity, may play an important role in how youth with type 1 diabetes cope with normative and illness-specific challenges. In line with socio-ecological theorizing, the present study investigated the longitudinal interplay between illness identity and two important social contexts for youth, the parent and peer contexts. A total of 559 (54.5% female; mean age=18.8 years) adolescents (14-17 years) and emerging adults (18-25 years) with type 1 diabetes completed questionnaires at three time-points with intervals of one year. A total of 98% of these participants had the Belgian nationality, and all of them spoke Dutch. At each time point, illness identity (i.e., acceptance, enrichment, rejection, and engulfment), peer support, extreme peer orientation, parental responsiveness, parental psychological control, and parental overprotection were self-assessed. The present findings show that overprotective parenting may lead to youth feeling engulfed by their diabetes. Further, when type 1 diabetes becomes adaptively integrated into youth's identity, the data suggest that youth may be better prepared to engage in healthy peer relationships. Thus, the present findings show that illness identity may be affected by the social context, and in turn may have an impact on parent and peer relationships as well. In general, the present findings underscore the importance of adaptive illness integration for youth with type 1 diabetes, and further emphasize the importance of achieving a coherent identity.
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