| 1. |
- Herre, Lars, 1990-, et al.
(author)
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On the electromagnetic coupling of AC and DC circuits on hybrid transmission towers
- 2016
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In: IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). - Leuven : IEEE. - 9781467384636 ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transmission system limits, originating from right-of-way permission processes for new corridors, can be surpassed by erecting new circuits in close proximity, or even on common structures. Especially for long distance bulk power transfer, high voltage direct current technology promises superior features. Adding a circuit to a transmission corridor is one method of significantly increasing power transfer capability. Converting an existing AC circuit for DC operation is another method that additionally decreases investment in new lines and towers. Consequences of such application are various AC/DC interaction phenomena on either AC or DC lines for both steady and transient conditions. This paper presents a study on AC/DC transmission system interactions for a hybrid tower configuration. In normal operation DC voltage showed no significant fundamental AC frequency component, while induced transient overvoltages displayed notable levels.
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| 3. |
- Imgenberg-Kreuz, Juliana, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in multiple tissues in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals regulatory effects at interferon-induced genes
- 2016
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 75:11, s. 2029-2036
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Increasing evidence suggests an epigenetic contribution to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DNA methylation in pSS by analysing multiple tissues from patients and controls.METHODS: Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were generated using HumanMethylation450K BeadChips for whole blood, CD19+ B cells and minor salivary gland biopsies. Gene expression was analysed in CD19+ B cells by RNA-sequencing. Analysis of genetic regulatory effects on DNA methylation at known pSS risk loci was performed.RESULTS: We identified prominent hypomethylation of interferon (IFN)-regulated genes in whole blood and CD19+ B cells, including at the genes MX1, IFI44L and PARP9, replicating previous reports in pSS, as well as identifying a large number of novel associations. Enrichment for genomic overlap with histone marks for enhancer and promoter regions was observed. We showed for the first time that hypomethylation of IFN-regulated genes in pSS B cells was associated with their increased expression. In minor salivary gland biopsies we observed hypomethylation of the IFN-induced gene OAS2. Pathway and disease analysis resulted in enrichment of antigen presentation, IFN signalling and lymphoproliferative disorders. Evidence for genetic control of methylation levels at known pSS risk loci was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the role of epigenetic regulation of IFN-induced genes in pSS where replication is needed for novel findings. The association with altered gene expression suggests a functional mechanism for differentially methylated CpG sites in pSS aetiology.
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| 6. |
- Li, He, et al.
(author)
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Identification of a Sjögren's syndrome susceptibility locus at OAS1 that influences isoform switching, protein expression, and responsiveness to type I interferons
- 2017
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In: PLOS Genetics. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 13:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a common, autoimmune exocrinopathy distinguished by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. Patients frequently develop serious complications including lymphoma, pulmonary dysfunction, neuropathy, vasculitis, and debilitating fatigue. Dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathway is a prominent feature of SS and is correlated with increased autoantibody titers and disease severity. To identify genetic determinants of IFN pathway dysregulation in SS, we performed cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses focusing on differentially expressed type I IFN-inducible transcripts identified through a transcriptome profiling study. Multiple cis-eQTLs were associated with transcript levels of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) peaking at rs10774671 (PeQTL = 6.05 x 10(-14)). Association of rs10774671 with SS susceptibility was identified and confirmed through meta-analysis of two independent cohorts (P-meta = 2.59 x 10(-9); odds ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.86). The risk allele of rs10774671 shifts splicing of OAS1 from production of the p46 isoform to multiple alternative transcripts, including p42, p48, and p44. We found that the isoforms were differentially expressed within each genotype in controls and patients with and without autoantibodies. Furthermore, our results showed that the three alternatively spliced isoforms lacked translational response to type I IFN stimulation. The p48 and p44 isoforms also had impaired protein expression governed by the 3' end of the transcripts. The SS risk allele of rs10774671 has been shown by others to be associated with reduced OAS1 enzymatic activity and ability to clear viral infections, as well as reduced responsiveness to IFN treatment. Our results establish OAS1 as a risk locus for SS and support a potential role for defective viral clearance due to altered IFN response as a genetic pathophysiological basis of this complex autoimmune disease.
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| 8. |
- Ramirez, Jorge, et al.
(author)
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Difference in Clinical Presentation between Female and Male Patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome at Diagnosis and in Long-Term Follow-up
- 2017
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In: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 69
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background/Purpose: Despite men being less prone to develop autoimmune diseases, male sex has been associated with a more severe disease course in several systemic autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we aimed to identify differences in clinical presentation between the sexes at the time of diagnosis and during long-term follow-up of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and to establish whether male sex is associated with a more severe form of pSS. Methods: Incident, treatment naïve patients (n=199, 186 females and 13 males) from Stockholm, Sweden were prospectively included during a 5-year period and examined for items of classification criteria for pSS as well as extraglandular manifestations (EGM). Serum was sampled at the time of diagnosis and anti-Ro52/SSA levels measured by ELISA. Replication of significant findings was confirmed in an independent cohort of incident pSS patients from Pisa, Italy (n=377, 368 females and 9 males), and meta-analysis performed. We further studied a cohort of 967 patients with prevalent pSS (899 females and 68 males) from Scandinavian clinical centers. The mean follow-up time (years) was 8.8 ± 7.6 for women and 8.5 ± 6.2 for men (ns). Clinical data including serological and hematological parameters, glandular, EGM and comorbidities were compared between men and women. Results: An increased frequency of EGM in men at diagnosis was observed and replicated (p=0.05, p=0.0003, and pmeta=0.002, respectively). This related to pulmonary involvement, vasculitis and lymphadenopathy being more common in men, for whom a lower age at diagnosis was observed in the exploratory cohort. Additionally, SSA positive male patients had significantly higher levels of anti-Ro52 levels than their female counterparts (p=0.02). After long-term follow-up, male patient serology was characterized by more frequent positivity for anti-SSA and anti-SSB (p=0.02), and ANA (p=0.02). Also, men with pSS were more frequently diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (p=0.008), lymphadenopathy (p=0.04) and lymphoma (p=0.007). Conversely, concomitant hypothyroidism was more common among female patients (p=0.009). Conclusion: Our analysis of two independent cohorts of incident pSS and a large cohort of prevalent pSS demonstrates significant differences between women and men with pSS. Notably, men present with more EGM, enhanced serological profile and a higher frequency of lymphoma development.
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| 10. |
- Schwellnus, Martin, et al.
(author)
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How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 50:17, s. 1043-1052
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk factor for acute illness and the overtraining syndrome. The IOC convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of loadincluding rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and traveland health outcomes in sport. This paper summarises the results linking load to risk of illness and overtraining in athletes, and provides athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines for appropriate load management to reduce the risk of illness and overtraining in sport. These include guidelines for prescription of training and competition load, as well as for monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and illness. In the process, urgent research priorities were identified.
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| 11. |
- Sepulveda, Jorge I. Ramirez, et al.
(author)
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Long-term follow-up in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals differences in clinical presentation between female and male patients
- 2017
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In: Biology of Sex Differences. - : BioMed Central. - 2042-6410. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite men being less prone to develop autoimmune diseases, male sex has been associated with a more severe disease course in several systemic autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate differences in the clinical presentation of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) between the sexes and establish whether male sex is associated with a more severe form of long-term pSS. Methods: Our study population included 967 patients with pSS (899 females and 68 males) from Scandinavian clinical centers. The mean follow-up time (years) was 8.8 +/- 7.6 for women and 8.5 +/- 6.2 for men (ns). Clinical data including serological and hematological parameters and glandular and extraglandular manifestations were compared between men and women. Results: Male patient serology was characterized by more frequent positivity for anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB (p = 0. 02), and ANA (p = 0.02). Further, men with pSS were more frequently diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (p = 0. 008), lymphadenopathy (p = 0.04) and lymphoma (p = 0.007). Conversely, concomitant hypothyroidism was more common among female patients (p = 0.009). Conclusions: We observe enhanced serological responses and higher frequencies of lymphoma-related extraglandular manifestations in men with pSS. Notably, lymphoma itself was also significantly more common in men. These observations may reflect an aggravated immune activation and a more severe pathophysiological state in male patients with pSS and indicate a personalized managing of the disease due to the influence of the sex of patients with pSS.
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| 12. |
- Soligard, Torbjorn, et al.
(author)
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How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 50:17, s. 1030-1041
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Athletes participating in elite sports are exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendars. Emerging evidence indicates that poor load management is a major risk factor for injury. The International Olympic Committee convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load (defined broadly to include rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel) and health outcomes in sport. We summarise the results linking load to risk of injury in athletes, and provide athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines to manage load in sport. This consensus statement includes guidelines for (1) prescription of training and competition load, as well as for (2) monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and injury. In the process, we identified research priorities.
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