| 1. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Transport service procurement – initial findings and a research agenda
- 2016
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In: 25th IPSERA Conference, Dortmund, March 20-23, 2016..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Technology alone will not be sufficient to cope with emission reduction challenges. Transport procurement requires attention for individual firms as well as the transport industry to tackle environmental challenges. The aim of this paper is to identify practice, perceptions and outlook of transport buyers in order to present a research agenda that informs the advancement of current practice, on the basis of surveys, capturing practice among Swedish transport buyers. The direction for future research comprise levels of analysis ranging from the service level to industry-level, and suggest a mixed-method, wherein surveys are combined with in-depth case studies and workshops.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Intressent- och behovsanalys för resvaneundersökningar : resultat från intervjuer och enkätundersökning
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Sverige genomförs en nationell resvaneundersökning med viss regelbundenhet med Trafikanalys som ansvarig myndighet. Undersökningen har problem med bortfall, täckning, kostnader och uppgiftslämnarbörda. Ett projekt pågår som syftar till att utveckla nya metoder för att samla in data om personers mobilitet. Projektet är indelat i fem arbetspaket, varav detta arbete är ett. Syftet är att utföra en intressent- och behovsanalys avseende framtida resvaneundersökningar. I detta ingår att identifiera syften och frågeställningar som resvaneundersökningar ska kunna hantera och besvara.Det genomfördes 20 telefonintervjuer och utskick av webbenkät till 142 personer (svar från 81 personer, svarsfrekvens 57 procent). Intressenterna delades in i tre olika grupper: offentlig sektor, forskningsorganisation och övriga aktörer. Tillsammans med egna erfarenheter har en analys gjorts av vad som efterfrågas från den nationella resvaneundersökningen. Frågeställningar som centrala för användare av resvaneundersökningar är val av färdsätt, resans ärende samt mått på hur resvanorna förändras över tid och hur olika grupper reser. För detta behövs både uppgifter om individen och resorna. Utöver detta önskar man bra data på kommunal nivå eller lägre. Dock kan Trafikanalys i nuläget inte erbjuda den möjligheten, men här finns det möjlighet för kommuner, regioner och andra aktörer att välja ett extraurval från den befintliga nationella resvaneundersökningen.
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| 3. |
- Henriksson, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Köpa mat online? : effekter av ökad e-handel för person- och godstransporter i ett växande e-handelssamhälle
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- De senaste åren har e-handel av livsmedel ökat starkt. Idag bygger beräkningar om e-handelns energieffekt på uppskattningar och antaganden snarare än på kunskap om branschen och dess kunder. Den här studien genererar fördjupad kunskap om vad det ur ett transportperspektiv innebär att företag istället för individer ansvarar för att matvaror transporteras till hemmet. Huvudsyftet med projektet är att analysera effekter till följd av ökad e-handel av livsmedel samt synliggöra faktorer som möjliggör en realisering av eventuell energibesparing. Detta görs ur ett regionalt perspektiv och i en svensk kontext. Syftet har uppnåtts genom en studie av energieffektiva distributionslösningar för e-handelserbjudanden, och genom en intervjustudie om potentiella och befintliga e-handelskunders preferenser, erfarenheter och beteende samt genom framtagandet av en regional modell för persontransporter.Resultaten pekar på att e-handel har betydande teoretisk potential givet att effektiva rutter ersätter inköpsresor med privat bil. Idag innebär många kompletteringsresor med bil att e-handeln inte i någon högre grad ersätter inköpsresorna, vilket innebär att energibesparingen idag sannolikt är begränsad. För att potentialen ska kunna uppnås behövs ett utökat kundunderlag, en medveten stadsplanering som prioriterar gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafik, som lyfter godstransporter som en strategisk fråga och som lokaliserar livsmedelsbutiker nära människors hem.
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| 4. |
- Liljestrand, Kristina, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Providing explicit descriptions of studied systems: more than a necessary evil?
- 2015
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In: Nofoma Conference Proceedings. - 9788279622024
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeExplicit descriptions of studied systems can support researchers in clarifying objects of study and motives of research as well as in structuring research design. However, since many scholars of systems approaches operate outside the field of logistics, applying systems approaches in logistics can be challenging. The purpose of this paper is therefore to describe how a systems approach can be applied in logistics so as to provide guidance for logistics researchers in their descriptions of studied systems.Design/methodology/approachTwo systems approaches were used to describe the systems studied in six doctoral theses. A series of workshops was conducted to compare the descriptions and share challenges.FindingsKey aspects for adapting the selected systems approaches corresponded to four areas of logistics—activities, flow, performance, and actors—all of which can be included in the selected systems approaches. Advice for doctoral students on applying these frameworks is provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis research can provide support to other logistics researchers when applying systems approaches and developing explicit descriptions of studied systems.Original/valueSystems approaches are central to logistics research, a field in which scholars are encouraged to apply well-known systems approaches. This paper contributes value by providing explicit examples of how such approaches were applied in six logistics research projects.
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| 5. |
- Rogerson, Sara, 1975
(author)
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Environmental concerns when purchasing freight transport
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Companies that purchase freight transport (shippers) influence the conditions for how transport providers can execute the transport, which in turn influences CO2 emissions. The conditions can be influenced both by shippers’ purchasing processes for freight transport and when shippers prepare goods for delivery. For shippers to make appropriate decisions aimed at reducing the CO2 emissions from their transport, clarification of such influences on the conditions are necessary. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify how shippers can influence CO2 emissions from the freight transport they purchase. This thesis is a compilation of seven papers, six of which are based on empirical data from five multiple-case studies. The data collection mainly consisted of semi-structured interviews with shippers’ logistics, transport, and purchasing managers, as well as with staff in operational positions; one study also conducted interviews with transport providers. The seventh paper reports on a structured literature review of load factor. Together these studies answer four research questions. The first research question is concerned with how contextual factors influence shippers’ freight-transport-purchasing processes. The results describe the purchasing process in contexts that vary in service type, purchase situation, and relationship. The second research question examines how shippers’ freight-transport-purchasing processes influence various logistical variables (mode of transport used, handling factor, length of haul, load factor, empty running, fuel efficiency, and carbon in fuel). The causes of different influences on logistical variables (such as specified time requirements) are clarified by answering this question. The third research question concerns how shippers can identify and evaluate opportunities to increase their load factors. Achieving high load factors is a matter of balancing required and available capacity at the packaging, shipping, and vehicle levels. A framework of opportunities describes how these capacities can be increased, decreased, and reallocated, thus allowing for the identification and comparison of relevant opportunities. The fourth research question is concerned with how shippers’ internal coordination may enable high load factor. The use of coordination mechanisms is described in situations that differ in terms of dependence between activities, number of activities, and the need for intra- or interfunctional coordination. The results contribute to green-logistics research in terms of improving load factor and the purchasing of freight transport. Different research streams and perspectives – especially in terms of purchasing, transport, and coordination – have been combined in this thesis. The results contribute to improving the environmental performance of freight transport by clarifying shippers’ influence on the CO2 emissions of the transport they purchase via descriptions of the shippers’ influence over logistical variables (including load factor) that in turn influence CO2 emissions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Rogerson, Sara, 1975, et al.
(author)
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INTERNAL COORDINATION OF SHIPPERS TO ACHIEVE HIGH LOAD FACTOR
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Logistics Network Conference, Derby, 9-11 September 2015.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Increasing transport efficiency is of interest to reduce emissions and cost, where high load factor is one aspect of transport efficiency. To improve load factor it has been suggested that shippers, who purchase freight transport services, can coordinate their internal functions better. However, it is unclear in what way this can be achieved, i.e. what functions should be coordinated and in what way. Taking the perspective of the logistics/transport function, the purpose of this paper is to explore how shippers can coordinate internally in order to achieve high load factor.Research approach: A multiple case study of three shippers was carried out and interviews were conducted with the logistics or transport manager at each company. With coordination literature as a basis, the empirical data was analysed according to which functions that coordinated as well as the activities that were coordinated between them. These interactions were then categorised based on which coordination mechanisms that were adopted for each specific combination of function interaction and activity. Patterns with regard to which functions and which activities that were coordinated through the various mechanism were finally analysed.Findings and Originality: The results indicate that logistics/transport can coordinate with several functions (in the studied cases sales/marketing, purchasing, product development, construction, warehouse and transport planning) in order to achieve high load factor. Further, many coordination mechanisms were used in the cases, thus the results suggest that a variety of coordination mechanisms can be adopted when shippers coordinate internally with the aim of high load factor. The mechanisms identified in this research include mutual adjustment, direct supervision and four types of standardisation. Finally, several of these coordination mechanisms were found to be adopted in more than one way. Research impact: The findings are of interest to researchers interested in improving load factor and/or internal coordination of shippers. This paper has a shipper perspective on improving load factor including activities applicable when transport is outsourced. More specifically, it provides insights into how shippers can enable high load factor through coordination between their logistics/transport function and other company internal functions.Practical impact: Managers at companies outsourcing freight transport services are provided suggestions regarding coordination between functions when aiming to improve load factor. This is in turn of interest for improving environmental performance as well as reducing costs.
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| 8. |
- Rogerson, Sara, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Internal coordination to enable high load factor
- 2017
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In: The International Journal of Logistics Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0957-4093 .- 1758-6550. ; 28:4, s. 1142-1167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify how activities may be coordinated within shippers’ organisations to enable high load factor (a key aspect of transport efficiency). Design/methodology/approach – A multiple-case study involving three shippers was conducted, in which the logistics or transport managers of each company were interviewed. The cases were analysed according to (1) which activities were coordinated to achieve high load factor, (2) interdependencies between the activities, and (3) the coordination mechanisms that shippers adopted. Findings – A matrix is developed to show the differences in applying various coordination mechanisms in eight categories, according to (1) intrafunctional or interfunctional coordination, (2) sequential or reciprocal interdependencies, and (3) the number of activities (dyadic or multiple). For example, coordination mechanisms aimed at exerting control are more suitable for intrafunctional than interfunctional interaction; interfunctional coordination relies more on mechanisms that aim to increase the understanding of transport-related issues among non-logistics activities. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on data from three Swedish companies. Practical implications – Managers are provided with suggestions for coordinating activities when their goal is to improve load factor. These findings are of interest for reducing costs and emissions. Social implications – Originality/value – In response to suggestions in the earlier literature that shippers could improve their internal coordination to improve their load factor, this paper articulates several mechanisms for performing such coordination in eight situations.
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| 9. |
- Rogerson, Sara, 1975, et al.
(author)
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SHIPPERS’ TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY: THE BALANCE BETWEEN REQUIRED AND AVAILABLE CAPACITY
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Logistics Network Conference, Derby, 9-11 September 2015.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Improving the efficiency of freight transport leads to a reduction in both costs and emissions. One key aspect of efficient transport is the load factor, i.e., the load carried (required capacity) compared to the maximum load that could be carried (available capacity) in a load unit (e.g., a vehicle). Few existing articles discuss load factor from a shipper’s perspective. Also, the concept of load factor is interpreted in different ways, and there is confusion about what is 100% full. To achieve a high load factor can be seen as a balance between required and available capacity. As a step towards identifying opportunities for shippers to improve load factor, the purpose of this paper is to structure the load factor concept based on the balance between required and available capacity. Research Approach: A conceptual model was developed based on the literature. This model was applied in the typical case of a shipper outsourcing freight transport. The data collection consisted of several semi-structured interviews with people in logistics and transport roles.Findings and Originality: This paper presents a model that structures the concept of load factor based on required and available capacity, including load factor as the balance between required and available capacity at different levels. Further, required capacity for a particular time period is determined by order details, item characteristics, number of items and the consolidation of items in the load at each load factor level. Available capacity for a particular time period is determined by the type of load units and the number of load units at each load factor level. The different levels interact, and, to complement the balance at each load factor level, an overall measure comparing the required capacity at the lowest load factor level with the available capacity at the highest load factor level is suggested.Research Impact: The conceptual model presented in this paper can be used to describe imbalances in shipper systems between required and available capacity. By providing structure and explaining inefficiency in terms of the imbalance between required and available capacity, the model is a step towards identifying opportunities for improving load factor. The findings are also of interest to researchers in the field of transport efficiency and green logistics.Practical Impact: Logistics managers can achieve a better understanding of the concept of load factor and at what level their required and available capacity are imbalanced. Improving the load factor is of interest in terms of both reducing costs and improving environmental performance.
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| 10. |
- Santén, Vendela, 1978, et al.
(author)
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A modal shift to inland waterways: Actor perspectives on alternative business concepts
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Road haulage causes undisputed negative environmental impact in terms of CO2-emissions, noise, infrastructure damage, congestion, road accidents and is energy intensive. At longer transport distance (e.g. trans-ocean) maritime transport is preferable as it is more cost efficient. At shorter distances, there are financial, operational, market-related and regulatory issues that make waterway transport less attractive. Meanwhile, as waterway transport is favorable from an environmental perspective, the support for modal shift from road to sea has become an integral part of transport policy both at EU-level and in several countries across Europe. Among the different types of shipping (trans-ocean, short-sea, coastal), inland shipping is of particular importance when it comes to reduce congestion on roads. Ports are most often located in or near large cities, which in particular causes congestion on access roads to ports and the cities, and also in the countries in general. Hence, whereas cost is a barrier that must be overcome, using inland waterway transportation (IWT) is preferable from an environmental perspective, and a modal shift is a highly prioritized issue by governments. In some central European countries, IWT is well developed, while in countries such as Sweden, the share of inland shipping is very low, < 1%, and with no or little container traffic. With well-functioning fairways in inland waterways in Sweden, there is a large potential for increasing its utilization.
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| 11. |
- Santén, Vendela, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Shippers’ transport effciency: An approach for measuring load factor
- 2018
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In: Logistics Research. - : Bundesvereinigung Logistik (BVL). - 1865-035X .- 1865-0368. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One key aspect of effcient transport is load factor: the load carried compared to the maximum load that could be carried in a load unit (e.g. a vehicle). The purpose of this study is to develop an approach that will clarify and describe ways in which shippers can measure load factor. Drawing on existing literature and understanding gained from empirical data the proposed approach uses the load factor model, which structures measurement of load factor overall and at several levels (packaging, shipping, vehicle, fleet) as the ratio of required to available capacity. Shipping level includes utilization of purchased capacity, which is of special interest to shippers. For applying the model in practice, calculation methods linked to availability of data are presented. Calculations of volumetric load factor from two cases illustrate the methods. This paper’s detailed descriptions of how shippers can measure load factor provide calculation structure as well as transparency. Measuring load factor is of interest to evaluate effciency, particularly since load factor is related to transport costs and environmental performance.
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| 12. |
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