| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 3. |
- Dahlgren, Peter, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Reinforcing spirals at work? Mutual influences between selective news exposure and ideological leaning
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Communication. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-3231 .- 1460-3705. ; 34:2, s. 159-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The growth of partisan news sources has raised concerns that people will increasingly select attitude-consistent information, which might lead to increasing political polarization. Thus far, there is limited research on the long-term mutual influences between selective exposure and political attitudes. To remedy this, this study investigates the reciprocal influences between selective exposure and political attitudes over several years, using a three-wave panel survey conducted in Sweden during 2014–2016. More specifically, we analyse how ideological selective exposure to both traditional and online news media influences citizens’ ideological leaning. Findings suggest that (1) people seek-out ideologically consistent print news and online news and (2) such attitude-consistent news exposure reinforces citizens’ ideological leaning over time. In practice, however, such reinforcement effects are hampered by (3) relatively low overall ideological selective exposure and a (4) significant degree of cross-cutting news exposure online. These findings are discussed in light of selective exposure theory and the reinforcing spirals model.
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| 4. |
- Dahlgren, Peter, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Selective online exposure and political polarization during Swedish election campaigns: a longitudinal analysis using four waves of panel data
- 2016
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In: 6th ECREA European Communication Conference, Prague.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Internet has made it possible for individuals to increasingly select political news that match their political attitudes. This selective exposure also has the potential to mutually reinforce existing attitudes. However, very little is known about the long-term consequences, especially during election periods. We draw upon the reinforcing spirals model to study the mutual reinforcements between selective exposure and political ideology, by using a four-wave panel during five months with a representative random sample (n=2,281) from Sweden during the 2014 European parliamentary election and Swedish national election. Results suggests that individuals are not becoming more extreme in their political ideology during the election period, regardless of whether they are exposed to attitude-consistent or attitude-inconsistent news content.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Djerf-Pierre, Monika, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Still an Agenda Setter? The Traditional News Media and Public Opinion from Low-Choice to High-Choice Environments: A Longitudinal Study
- 2016
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In: Paper presented at the 6th European Communication Conference, Ecrea, in Prague 9-12 November 2016.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study analyses whether the agenda setting influence of traditional news media has become weaker over time – a key argument in the “new era of minimal effects” controversy. Following profound media environmental transformations, an increasing number of media outlets and growing opportunities for media choice, aggregate public opinion is assumed to be less responsive to the agenda of the traditional media. Despite the theoretical validity of such arguments, few attempts have been made to empirically test this hypothesis. Based on media content and public opinion data collected in Sweden over a period of 23 years (1992-2014), we analyze both aggregate and individual-level agenda setting effects on public opinion concerning 12 different political issues. Although the agenda setting impact of single nationally leading news outlets (Dagens Nyheter) appears to have weakened over time, we find no evidence that the collective media agenda (several prominent outlets) has become less influential. Taken together, citizens today appear as responsive to issue signals from the collective media agenda as during the low-choice era.
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| 7. |
- Djerf-Pierre, Monika, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Still an Agenda Setter: Traditional News Media and Public Opinion During the Transition From Low to High Choice Media Environments
- 2017
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In: Journal of Communication. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 67:5, s. 733-757
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes whether the agenda-setting influence of traditional news media has become weaker over time—a key argument in the “new era of minimal effects” controversy. Based on media content and public opinion data collected in Sweden over a period of 23 years (1992–2014), we analyze both aggregate and individual-level agenda-setting effects on public opinion concerning 12 different political issues. Taken together, we find very little evidence that the traditional news media has become less influential as agenda setters. Rather, citizens appear as responsive to issue signals from the collective media agenda today as during the low-choice era. We discuss these findings in terms of cross-national differences in media systems and opportunity structures for selective exposure.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Social media, porous boundaries, and the development of online political engagement among young citizens
- 2018
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In: New Media and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-4448 .- 1461-7315. ; 20:2, s. 740-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concepts such as “porous boundaries” and “low thresholds” appear frequently in the literature on online political engagement. Social media, it is argued, are characterized by less distinct boundaries between non-political and political activities, thereby lowering thresholds into political engagement. This argument is analyzed and empirically tested. Relying on a five-wave panel study among Swedish adolescents, we provide unique insights into the levels and development of political engagement in online political information, interaction, production, and collective action. In sum, the findings show that, for a majority, social interaction in social media coincides with engagement in political information and interaction, while few are engaged in production and collective action. Second, the study provides limited support to the idea that low thresholds in social media promote patterns of tune-in, tune-out political engagement over time. Finally, social interaction in social media has clear effects on online political engagement beyond political socialization and motivation factors.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hopmann, D. N., et al.
(author)
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Contagious Media Effects: How Media Use and Exposure to Game-Framed News Influence Media Trust
- 2015
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In: Mass Communication and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1520-5436 .- 1532-7825. ; 18:6, s. 776-798
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which trust in media is affected by personal media use and the framing of politics as a strategic game. The study is based on a four-wave panel survey matched with media content data, which allows us to investigate not only correlations but also individual-level effects on media trust. In accordance with previous research, our analyses show that the use of specific media types leads to more trust in those specific media. The results also show that media framing of politics as a strategic game has a negative effect on trust in the media. The more citizens are exposed to game-framed news, the less they tend to trust the media, with the exception of tabloid newspapers. Overall, these results lend support to the assumption of contagious effects of game-framed news. In a concluding section, we sum up our results and discuss the implications of our findings.
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| 15. |
- Hopmann, David Nicolas, et al.
(author)
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Selective Media Exposure and Increasing Knowledge Gaps in Swiss Referendum Campaigns
- 2016
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In: International journal of public opinion research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0954-2892 .- 1471-6909. ; 28:1, s. 73-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to contribute to the discussion on how the growing opportunities for media choice influence gaps in political knowledge among those motivated to consume news versus those who are not. With more television channels available, it becomes easier to choose content matching personal interests. While several studies have analyzed trends in news consumption and motivations among different citizen groups, there are still very few studies that actually link these developments longitudinally to patterns of knowledge gaps. Using survey data from Swiss referendums held 1993-1999, we find that (1) gaps in political knowledge because of political interest have increased over time, and (2) political interest has become a stronger predictor of informational TV use.
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| 16. |
- Kruikemeier, Sanne, et al.
(author)
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News Media Use and Political Engagement Among Adolescents: An Analysis of Virtuous Circles Using Panel Data
- 2017
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In: Political Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-4609 .- 1091-7675. ; 34:2, s. 221-242
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes reinforcing spirals between news media use and two manifestations of political engagement: political interest and participation intention. Drawing on a three-wave panel study among adolescents, we test the Virtuous Circle Thesis (VCT) in both an online and an offline setting, by distinguishing between selection effects and media effects as key ingredients of the VCT. Overall, the findings lend mixed support to the general argument. While the relationship between specific forms of news media use and political interest appears to be driven primarily by selection effects, reciprocal relations were found mainly between television news and participation intention. The VCT assumption of reciprocal influences was supported most clearly when adolescents’ total news media use was considered. Taken together, virtuous circles appeared to operate rather similarly online and offline.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Moeller, J., et al.
(author)
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Internet Use and Political Interest: Growth Curves, Reinforcing Spirals, and Causal Effects During Adolescence
- 2018
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In: Journal of Communication. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 68:6, s. 1052-1078
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzes reinforcing spirals between online media usage and political interest among adolescents. By applying a two-dimensional conceptualization of online media usage that distinguishes between content and interactivity characteristics, the study focuses on the mechanisms and processes stimulating the long-term development of political interest during adolescence. Findings from a unique, six-wave panel study conducted in Sweden over a period of 5 years suggest that reinforcing spirals are driven primarily by non-interactive political information usages of online media. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors leading to the development of political interest during a crucial life phase, as well as the growing body of literature that theorize media and selection effects as part of reinforcing processes during adolescence.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Ohlsson, Jonas, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Lokala nyheter och lokala opinioner
- 2015
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In: A Bergstöm & J Ohlsson (red) Alla dessa val: Samhälle, opinion och medier i Västsverige. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789189673335 ; , s. 111-130
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Shehata, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Adolescents’ Development of Political Interest : A Communication Mediation Approach Using Five Waves of Panel Data
- 2016
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research indicates that political interest is one of the most important individual-level predictors of news media use, public opinion formation and engagement. When, how and why some citizens develop a strong interest in politics, while others do not, is however less clear. The present study analyses the development of political interest during the formative years of adolescence, using a five-wave panel study of adolescents, their parents and friends conducted in Sweden. More specifically, based on the citizen communication mediation model, we analyze how news media norms and habits among family and friends influence the development of political interest among adolescents during a period of five years. Taken together, the findings lend support for several of the hypotheses derived from the communication mediation model. But while empirical support for distinct mechanisms and processes are found, news norms among parents and peers seem to be relatively weakly related to adolescents’ political interest.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Developing Self-Actualizing and Dutiful Citizens: Testing the AC-DC Model Using Panel Data Among Adolescents
- 2016
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In: Communication Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-6502 .- 1552-3810. ; 43:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the major issues facing contemporary democracies is how the rapidly changing media environment influences democratic citizenship. Rather than strengthening or weakening citizenship per se, the present study analyzes whether traditional news and interactive online media encourage different forms of civic and political engagement among adolescents. More specifically, we use three waves of annually gathered panel data to study Swedish adolescents’ development of self-actualizing (AC) and dutiful (DC) citizen qualities. Overall, the analyses lend support for the AC-DC model, and suggest that communicative practices matter. While traditional news media use is related to DC qualities—such as institutional participation, political trust, and external efficacy—interactive online media use promotes AC qualities, including both online and offline cause-oriented activism.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981
(author)
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News Habits Among Adolescents: The Influence of Family Communication on Adolescents’ News Media Use—Evidence From a Three-Wave Panel Study
- 2016
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In: Mass Communication & Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1520-5436 .- 1532-7825. ; 19:6, s. 758-781
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Keeping up with what’s going on in the world of politics and current affairs through various news media is commonly seen as important for civic engagement and informed citizenship. Today, however, citizens face more opportunities than ever to select media content according to their personal preferences and interests—leading to what previous research has identified as a polarization between news-seekers and news-avoiders. Given heightened concerns regarding growing shares of news-avoiders in particular, this study analyzes the development, stability, and family influences on Swedish adolescents’ news habits over time. The findings, based on panel survey data among adolescents and their parents, show that (a) news habits are fairly stable at the individual level, (b) parents’ own news consumption is the most consistent predictor of adolescents’ development of news habits, and (c) these family effects are distinct from adolescents’ personal motivations for seeking out news.
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| 29. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Television Channel Content Profiles and Differential Knowledge Growth : A Test of The Inadvertent Learing Hypothesis Using Panel Data
- 2015
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In: Political Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-4609 .- 1091-7675. ; 32:3, s. 377-395
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study uses four waves of panel data to analyze inadvertent learning—that is, learning in the absence of interest or motivation—from watching public service television channels. Previous research suggests that motivation-based gaps in political knowledge are at least partly a function of the political information opportunities provided by the major television channels in a country, which influence the likelihood of being inadvertently exposed to news and current affairs programs. The present study puts the inadvertent learning hypothesis to a thorough empirical test by analyzing individual-level growth in knowledge over time, based on panel data collected during five months leading up to the Swedish 2010 national election. Using multilevel growth curve modeling and an extensive battery of surveillance knowledge questions, the results show not only (a) that public service channel viewing was related to learning, but also (b) that knowledge growth occurred among public service viewers independently of their political motivation and news attention, and (c) that such learning was even more pronounced among viewers lacking an interest in politics. The findings are discussed in light of ongoing media environmental transformations as well as cross-national comparative media systems research.
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| 30. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981, et al.
(author)
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The Development of Political Interest Among Adolescents : A Communication Mediation Approach Using Five Waves of Panel Data
- 2019
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In: Communication Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0093-6502 .- 1552-3810. ; 46:8, s. 1055-1077
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Political interest is one of the most important individual-level predictors of media use, public opinion formation and engagement. When, how and why some citizens develop a strong interest in politics is however less clear. This study analyzes the development of political interest during the formative years of adolescence, using a five-wave panel study among Swedish adolescents, covering a period of four years. Based on the citizen communication mediation model, we analyze how interest in political and current affairs news among family and friends influence adolescents’ political interest. Taken together, while the findings lend support for several of the hypotheses, mechanisms and processes derived from the communication mediation model – parents’ appear more important than peers when it comes to shaping adolescents’ political interest.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Skovsgaard, Morten, et al.
(author)
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Opportunity Structures for Selective Exposure Investigating Selective Exposure and Learning in Swedish Election Campaigns Using Panel Survey Data
- 2016
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In: The International Journal of Press/Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1940-1612 .- 1940-1620. ; 21:4, s. 527-546
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transition from low-choice to high-choice media environments has raised new concerns about selective exposure. In this context, two types of selective media exposure are relevant. One is selectivity based on political ideological preferences, the other selectivity based on political interest. Evidence for both has been found primarily in an American context, while there is less research on European countries. This is problematic, as the opportunity structures for different forms of selectivity vary across media environments. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to investigate the two types of selective exposure in a country—Sweden—where the opportunity structures for selective exposure differ from the American context. This study investigates both types of selective exposure in relation to televised party-leader interviews. Based on panel survey data, the findings show that selective exposure based on political interest is substantially more important than selective exposure based on ideological preferences in explaining exposure to party-leader interviews. To substantiate this finding, the results are replicated with partisan learning as the dependent variable.
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| 33. |
- Strömbäck, Jesper, et al.
(author)
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A Question of Time? A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship between News Media Consumption and Political Trust
- 2016
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In: The International Journal of Press/Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1940-1612 .- 1940-1620. ; 21:1, s. 88-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although there is plenty of research investigating the linkages between news media use and political distrust, virtually all of these studies focus on the impact of media use on political distrust at a particular point in time. At the same time, the transition from low-choice to high-choice media environments suggests that the relationship might not be stable across time. Whatever the linkages between news media use and political distrust were in the 1980s, 1990s, or 2000s, it cannot a priori be assumed that those linkages are the same or of equal strength today. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the changing relationship between news media use and political trust across time. Among other things, the results show that there is a positive linkage between news media use and political trust but also that for some media, this relationship weakens across time.
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| 34. |
- Strömbäck, Jesper, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Political Journalism
- 2018
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In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. - New York : Oxford University Press.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Political journalism constitutes one of the most prominent domains of journalism, and is essential for the functioning of democracy. Ideally, political journalism should function as an information provider, watchdog, and forum for political discussions, thereby helping citizens understand political matters and help prevent abuses of power. The extent to which it does is, however, debated. Apart from normative ideals, political journalism is shaped by factors at several levels of analysis, including the system level, the media organizational level, and the individual level. Not least important for political journalism is the close, interdependent, and contentious relationship with political actors, shaping both the processes and the content of political journalism. In terms of content, four key concepts in research on political journalism in Western democratic systems are the framing of politics as a strategic game, interpretive versus straight news, conflict framing and media negativity, and political or partisan bias. A review of research related to these four concepts suggests that political journalism has a strong tendency to frame politics as a strategic game rather than as issues, particularly during election campaigns; that interpretive journalism has become more common; that political journalism has a penchant for conflict framing and media negativity; and that there is only limited evidence that political journalism is influenced by political or partisan bias. Significantly more important than political or partisan bias are different structural and situational biases. In all these and other respects, there are important differences across countries and media systems, which follows from the notion that political journalism is always influenced by the media systems in which it is produced and consumed.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Strömbäck, Jesper, 1971, et al.
(author)
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The Reciprocal Effects Between Political Interest and TV News Revisited: Evidence From Four Panel Surveys
- 2019
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In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 1077-6990 .- 2161-430X. ; 96:2, s. 473-496
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although research shows that there is a correlation between political interest and news media use, whether there are reciprocal effects between political interest and news media use remain unsettled. To remedy this and go beyond previous research, this study seeks to investigate the reciprocal relationship between political interest and TV news use (a) across elections, (b) across election periods and a nonelection period, and (c) comparing public service and commercial TV news. Using four representative panel surveys, findings show that there is a reciprocal relationship between political interest and watching public service but not commercial TV news.
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| 40. |
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