| 1. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Mapping and Evaluating Marine Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services: A Transdisciplinary Delphi Forecasting Process Framework
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important tool for management and conservation and play an increasingly recognised role in societal and human well-being. However, the assessment of MPAs often lacks a simultaneous consideration of ecological and socio-economic outcomes, and this can lead to misconceptions on the effectiveness of MPAs. In this perspective, we present a transdisciplinary approach based on the Delphi method for mapping and evaluating Marine Protected Areas for their ability to protect biodiversity while providing Ecosystem Services (ES) and related human well-being benefits – i.e., the ecosystem outputs from which people benefit. We highlight the need to include the human dimensions of marine protection in such assessments, given that the effectiveness of MPAs over time is conditional on the social, cultural and institutional contexts in which MPAs evolve. Our approach supports Ecosystem-Based Management and highlights the importance of MPAs in achieving restoration, conservation, and sustainable development objectives in relation to EU Directives such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD), and the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP).
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| 2. |
- Carsten, Hobohm, et al.
(author)
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Land Use Change and the Future of Biodiversity
- 2021
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In: Perspectives for Biodiversity and Ecosystems. - Cham : Springer. - 2214-2827 .- 2214-2835. - 9783030577094 ; , s. 451-483
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This synthesis report is a meta-analysis of perspectives for biodiversity and ecosystems, with a strong focus on human impacts on the environment, and a work order to enable and manage the protection, survival and evolution of all species on Earth. The goal is to protect nature without any further species loss (Zero Extinction). With this report, we assess alarming signals from the environment; determine the needs of threatened biota and the required actions to manage and protect landscapes and ecosystems; and identify some inescapable tendencies, challenges but also possibilities. The story of humans on Earth is at a critical juncture. Human behaviour is inherently dependent on physical and societal relations, including orientation and positioning within the physical environment. There is no single cultural benefit that is independent of provisioning through ecosystem services. Humans are part of the environment, acquire all needs from it and, as such, depend on its integrity and management for life and well-being. Moreover, if human impacts to the environment continue to increase the risk of rebound effects impacting human life and health will increase as well. Whenever a biome, ecosystem, habitat or species is heavily impacted or threatened with irreversible transformation or extinction, prevailing environmental conditions are relevant and should be observed, analysed and remedied as necessary and where possible. Ecology examines the evolutionary, historical and more recent interplay between biological life and the abiotic environment, while the role of social science and the humanities is to question the physical and social landscape, and how and why it should be protected or influenced, e.g. by nature conservation measures under political and economic, ethical and legal considerations. Thus, for all inter-relationships between natural and sociocultural processes, a joint venture in the form of social-ecological thinking is necessary to combine natural sciences and the humanities. With this contribution, we combine ecological knowledge with social science knowledge (s.l.) through the participation of scientists of many different disciplines. We analyse history and current processes to assess risks, threats and possibilities, and call for an array of regulations and measures that can contribute to halting of biodiversity loss and that assist in achieving a sustainable future. Regulations comprise creativity, cultural incentives, social norms, environmental education and economic investments—such as payments for sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fishery; investments in water, soil and air purity; and much clearer and stronger legal restrictions and consequences around waste streams and environmental degradation. Moreover, a gradual change from profit-oriented economies in the short-run to environmentally-sensitive policies that include systematic environmental programmes in the long term might help to decrease pressure on ecosystems and biota. Such economics might also include the real costs of consumerism, including the impacts of particular products on the environment and on human health. The greatest hurdle for the continued existence of many critically endangered species is the impact of widespread anthropogenic-driven change in the usage of water, air and land, and industry intensification in agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, urbanisation, transportation and mining sectors. However, there is not one simple solution to solve these issues. We conclude that many of the current developments have to be adjusted or gradually altered in a step-wise manner, especially with respect to existing sociocultural behaviours. Therefore, various concepts, decisions and measures should be discussed and implemented at all scales from local to supranational and among researchers, practitioners and politicians.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Citizen science as a tourist attraction: an active learning tourist experience
- 2022
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In: Tourism, Knowledge and Learning Conceptual Development and Case Studies. Edited By: Eva Maria Jernsand, Maria Persson, Erik Lundberg. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9781003293316 ; , s. 92-112
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One potential example of science tourism (as discussed in chapter 3) is citizen science. Axelsson and Hansen present this concept in chapter 7 and make connections to the tourism industry. Specifically, the authors show how an active use of citizen science has many positive characteristics and potentials that could be applied to create attractive tourism experiences. The authors exemplify this application in tourism with two cases: one on the use of tourist-produced pictures of important experience qualities, helping both scientific and management practices, and one on local beach cleaning activities and their educational potential.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Glette, Vidar, et al.
(author)
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Kartläggning och analys av friluftslivet i kustzonen (i Göteborgsregionen, Orust och Uddevalla)
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kartläggning och analys av friluftslivet i kustzonen är ett arbete som utgör del i projektet Mellankommunal kustzonsplanering i Göteborgsregionen, Orust och Uddevalla som under perioden 2016–2019 drivits av Göteborgsregionen (GR). Syftet med projektet var att etablera en fördjupad samverkan mellan kommuner, myndigheter och andra relevanta aktörer för att uppnå en hållbar utveckling av kust- och havsområdet i de åtta deltagande kommunerna. Inom projektet togs det 2019 fram en fördjupad strukturbild för kustzonen med gemensamma överenskommelser för hur kustzonen ska bevaras och utvecklas från Uddevalla i norr till Kungsbacka i söder. Som del i det tidigare arbetet gjordes det också en analys av befintligt planeringsunderlag och prioritering av vilka saknade underlag som det fanns behov av att ta fram. Denna föreliggande rapport har sitt ursprung i resultat av den prioriteringen och utifrån en viktig filosofi om att man inte kan planera för en aktivitet eller ett ämne man inte vet någonting om. Det förste man måste göra är att bygga en kunskapsbas, som kan används i planeringsarbetet som underlag för att träffa kvalificerade beslut – precis som i alla andra beslutstagendeprocesser.
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| 6. |
- Hedenborg, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Outdoorification of sports and recreation : a leisure transformation under the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
- 2024
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In: Annals of Leisure Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1174-5398 .- 2159-6816. ; 27:1, s. 36-54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most European countries imposed lockdowns, whereas Sweden introduced soft restrictions. Sports and physical activity could continue if conducted 'safely' and outdoor activities were even promoted if restrictions on the number of participants were not violated. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the pandemic led to transitions and transformations of typical indoor sports activities to the outdoors and to outdoor recreation, or what we call an outdoorification process of sports and recreation, and how the changes were perceived by the population. Sweden is used as a case study. The inquiry is based on three studies involving more than 100 semi-structured interviews, two national questionnaire surveys and a regional-based PPGIS study. Based on the results, we argue that the outdoorification process is likely to influence how sport and recreation is understood and practiced also in the years after the pandemic.
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| 7. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Destination development based on knowledge and learning: Initiating a UNESCO biosphere reserve in Bohuslän
- 2022
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In: Tourism, Knowledge and Learning Conceptual Development and Case Studies. Edited By: Eva Maria Jernsand, Maria Persson, Erik Lundberg. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9781003293316 ; , s. 9-25
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter emphasizes the importance of collaboration in destination development. More specifically, the authors explore the potential of UNESCO biosphere reserves as platforms for sustainable destination development, using transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge as an approach. The chapter is based on a case study of the initial phases of creating a UNESCO biosphere reserve in Bohuslän, located on the Swedish west coast, in which the authors were involved. The results show that biosphere reserves can act as learning destinations and role models for sustainable development, facilitating conditions for learning, innovation and attractive destinations through transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge. It is thus argued that biosphere reserves can address aspects of democracy and inclusiveness, tear down narrow views of partnerships, competitiveness and networks, and introduce opportunities for transforming systems and behaviours in a destination and tourism context.
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| 8. |
- Rettig, Katharina, et al.
(author)
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A bayesian network to inform the management of key species in Kosterhavet National Park under contrasting storylines of environmental change
- 2022
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In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global climate change and related land use changes are expected to impose unprecedented pressures on coastal biodiversity and ecosystem processes. To sustainably manage coastal ecosystems, it is crucial to predict the consequences of human activities for coastal ecosystems and identify areas for directed abatement measures. Empirical data together with expert knowledge and evidence from the literature were integrated into a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) for a marine protected area, the Kosterhavet National Park off the Swedish west coast. The variability and interactions of anthropogenic pressures and two key ecosystem components, eelgrass meadows and northern shrimp stock, were tested under four storylines of environmental change. The results show that of the influential drivers of environmental change, only three variables (bottom trawling, leisure boating and aquaculture) are manageable within the national park itself. Scenario analysis suggested that notable gains of both ecosystem components were most likely under a storyline of sustainable development, assuming a radiative forcing of 4.5W/m2 by 2100 in concert with a preventive cooperation among neighboring countries and a tighter restriction of commercial and recreational uses in the park area. The findings suggest that the sustainable management of eelgrass meadows and northern shrimp stock in Kosterhavet National Park requires both local measures at the scale of the park's water bodies and, to a greater part, also regional measures, e.g., to reduce nutrient influx from adjacent water bodies. In conclusion, this approach can help practitioners to make more informed management decisions and foresee the effects of routes of socio-economic development.
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| 9. |
- Sandberg, Mattias, 1982, et al.
(author)
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From Onlookers to Ecosystem-Assistants: Exploring the Potentials of Ecological Restoration Education
- 2021
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In: Hobohm C. (eds) Perspectives for Biodiversity and Ecosystems. Environmental Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Cham.. - Cham : Springer, Cham. - 2214-2827 .- 2214-2835. - 9783030577094
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter introduces the concept and practice of “ecological restoration education” (ERE) as a novel pedagogical approach for schoolchildren. ERE combines insights from the field of “outdoor education” and “ecological restoration” and has the overarching objective of fostering learning about biodiversity through practical experience of ecosystem restoration. This chapter draws on experiences from an ERE-project in Sweden called Skolbäcken run by the Swedish Anglers Association. The aim of the chapter is to describe and discuss ERE as a potential strategy to spread interest about the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem management among future generations.
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| 10. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Effekter på friluftslivet från covid-19 – erfarenheter från Sverige
- 2021
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In: Proceeding in Forskning i Friluft 2021: Friluftsliv og høstingstradisjoner i 150 år.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Presentationen visar resultat från tre svenska undersökningar av friluftslivet under covid-19, med speciellt fokus på nya trender och utmaningar i förvaltningen av natur för friluftsliv under och efter pandemin. Undersökningarna gjordes alla under våren och sommaren 2020 i tre olika skalor; nationellt, regionalt och lokalt med hjälp av enkäter, intervjuer och Public Participation GIS (PPGIS). Studierna ingår i olika forskningsinsatser på Mittuniversitetet, Göteborgs universitet och Kristianstad Högskola, och två av dem är finansierade genom forsknings- och samverkansprogrammet Mistra Sport & Outdoors. Resultaten visar bland annat att: 1.Naturen i närområdet har fått en viktig roll för utövandet av friluftsliv. 2.Det har skett en kraftig ökning, och ökad koncentration, av ”nya” besökare i populära naturområden, exempelvis nationalparker och naturreservat. Samtidigt har ökningen lett till förskjutning av besökare i naturen. 3.Många svarar att deras friluftslivsvanor har ändrats på grund av pandemin och flera påpekar att de kommer fortsätta med de nya vanorna också efter pandemin. 4.Folk söker sig till naturen framförallt för att återhämta sig och få energi, för att naturen är en säker plats fri från oro samt för att umgås socialt. 5.Friluftsliv i kombination med fysisk aktivitet har fått stor betydelse under pandemin, vilket kan kopplas till upplevd hälsa. Promenader, vandring, löpning och cykling är särskilt populära aktiviteter i det hänseendet. 6.Naturen har fått större betydelse som socialt rum, en ’fristad’, under pandemin. Folk umgås mer och oftare med varandra ute i naturen. 7.Det aktiva friluftslivet och vistelser i naturen har blivit en livsstil för allt fler som inte vistades så ofta i naturen innan pandemin. Köp av utrustning för friluftsliv har också ökad. 8.Observerade konflikter kopplat till ändrade friluftsvanor under pandemin är ökad trängsel på stigar, spår och leder samt parkeringsplatser, brist på hänsyn samt mer skräp i naturen.
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| 11. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Effekter på friluftslivet från covid-19 pandemin – erfarenheter från Sverige
- 2022
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In: FORSKNING I FRILUFT 2021 FRILUFTSLIV OG HØSTINGSTRADISJONER I 150 ÅR HAMAR, 1. OG 2. DESEMBER. - Oslo : www.norskfriluftsliv.no.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presentationen bygger på en artikel som presenterar resultat från tre svenska studier av friluftslivet under Covid-19 pandemin, med särskilt fokus på att identifiera, dokumentera och diskutera nya trender och utmaningar i förvaltningen av natur för friluftsliv under och efter pandemin. Studierna som ingår i artikeln kommer från olika forskningsinsatser på Mittuniversitetet, Göteborgs universitet och Kristianstad Högskola. Två av dem är finansierade genom forsknings- och samverkansprogrammet Mistra Sport & Outdoors (www.mistrasportandoutdoors.se). Undersökningarna genomfördes under våren, sommaren och hösten 2020 på tre olika geografiska nivåer; nationell-, regional- (Västra Götaland) och lokal nivå (Kristianstad). En kombination av enkäter, intervjuer och Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) användes för att besvara artikelns två övergripande frågeställningar: • Hur har den svenska allmänhetens användning av friluftsområden förändrats under Covid-19-pandemin på nationell, regional och lokal nivå? • Vilka eventuella konsekvenser får dessa förändringar för den framtida friluftsförvaltningen och i ett längre perspektiv för den svenska friluftspolitiken?
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983
(author)
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Konsten att hitta en bra balans mellan skydd och besökare – erfarenheter med besöksförvaltning i Kosterhavets nationalpark
- 2021
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In: Integrert kystsoneforvaltning. Planfaglege, samfunnsvitskapelege og juridiske perspektiv. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 9788215045085
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The chapter discusses visitor management and monitoring, and challenges in this work, in Sweden’s first marine national park, Kosterhavet national park. The work is related to the other management work in the park and to the planning of the local coastal zone, which includes the national park. The chapter concludes that systematic visitor management and monitoring is largely absent and therefore needs a larger focus and prioritization, not only within the park management, but also politically.
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| 14. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983
(author)
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Let the visitors speak! The Use of Smart Technologies and Citizen Science in Visitor Monitoring
- 2022
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In: Advancing Public and Industry Participation in Coastal and Marine Sciences. - Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 1527587851 ; , s. 131-163
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this chapter is to explore and discuss opportunities in combining the use of smart technologies and citizen science principles in visitor monitoring, supported with a couple of case study examples from coastal-marine areas. Visitor monitoring in this chapter is understood in its broadest sense: a fundamental visitor management activity which purpose is to collect relevant data on and information about visitors1 and their activities and experiences in nature areas (Kajala et al. 2007; Andrew et al. 2021). The collected data and information from monitoring work form a knowledge base about visitors and, thus, serves to guide visitor management actions and decisions. Typical visitor monitoring activities include everything from studying visitor numbers, movements, activities and behaviour to visitor expectations, satisfaction and opinions as well as the more elusive visitor experience (Kajala et al. 2007; Andrew et al. 2021; Hansen 2016a). With rising numbers, new trends, and growing consumer demands and expectations within the tourism and recreation industry, relevant knowledge has become increasingly important for managers and researchers alike. Ultimately, the goal is to be better equipped to understand the visitor, not only in order to meet their wants and needs, but also as a way to document visitation and to improve the general standard of visitor planning and management activities (Kajala et al. 2007; Manning 2011; Ankre, Fredman, and Lindhagen 2016). This brings about the importance of citizen science and the use of smart technologies in visitor monitoring in coastal-marine areas today. The introduction of new and smart technologies is interesting as new technologies both support existing visitor monitoring methods and traditions, and introduce new and often novel ways to engage with and learn from the visitor (e.g. Heikinheimo et al. 2020). For instance, social media platforms have become channels for sharing opinions and experiences, which can be important study targets from a visitor monitoring point of view. Furthermore, the development of visitor themed applications (apps), such as various hiking or similar outdoor themed apps, can be used to provide information about visitor movements, interests and priorities. More customised smart technologies, such as Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS), have also received a lot of attention in recent years with an aim to learn from the visitors about the visitors through a combination of interactive mapping exercises and questionnaire methodology (Kaae, Olafsson, and Draux 2018; Munoz et al. 2019; Hansen, Glette, and Arce 2021). From a visitor monitoring perspective, the development of these and many more trends is exciting and makes exploration of the connection between citizen science and smart technologies in visitor monitoring not only timely, but also important as the use of smart technologies is rapidly becoming accepted tools in visitor monitoring and management (Heikinheimo et al. 2020; Pickering et al. 2020). This is particularly the case also for studies of recreation in coastal-marine areas, where traditional monitoring methods (see more below) are challenged by the often open and fragmented landscape type (Smallwood et al. 2011; Hansen 2016b; Andrew et al. 2021). In this case, use of new technologies, including citizen science approaches, offer new opportunities to support existing monitoring methods (Kaae, Olafsson, and Draux 2018; Hansen et al. 2021)
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| 15. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Mapping recreational activities in coastal and marine areas – PPGIS findings from western Sweden
- 2021
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In: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691. ; 205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on a study identifying and mapping coastal-marine recreation in the Gothenburg region on the west coast of Sweden. The study was part of a regional project with a focus on presenting a structural plan for the coastal zone, but which revealed a lack of knowledge about outdoor recreation in the coastal zone. In response, the study was formed to address the knowledge gap by collecting information about outdoor recreation activities in the coastal zone. To accomplish this, a PPGIS method approach was chosen to collect basic geographic data, which resulted in basic intensity and cluster based maps clearly showing recreational hotspot in the coastal zone. From the maps, it was possible to conclude that recreational activities take place almost everywhere along the coast, confirming the coastal zone as an important recreational landscape in the region. The results meant the generation of a new and important information layer to be used in future regional planning processes and thus a few steps closer in achieving a sustainable development of the coastal zone in the region. The work also concluded that the chosen PPGIS method strategy worked particularly well in terms of getting a spatial overview.
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| 16. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Mapping recreational activities in coastal and marine areas – PPGIS findings from western Sweden
- 2021
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In: The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations. - Ås, Norway : Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). - 2535-2806.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presentation reports on a study and published paper with a focus on mapping coastal-marine recreation in the Gothenburg region on the west coast of Sweden. In Sweden, outdoor recreation is considered an important land and water use activity, and is associated with key societal aspects, such as increased environmental awareness, public health and local development. For this reason, outdoor recreation has become an important planning topic in the Gothenburg region, which offers many recreational opportunities in the coastal zone (Hansen, 2016). Lately, the topic has received increased attention, accelerated by two processes. The first process concerns current work on national maritime spatial planning in Sweden, wherein outdoor recreation is emphasized as a key spatial layer alongside tourism and cultural heritage. The second process is strongly influenced by the maritime planning process and concerns regional and local coastal-marine development initiatives. In Sweden, the municipalities have the planning responsibility for the coastal zone. Consequently, many coastal regions and municipalities, including Gothenburg region, currently work towards clarifying and structuring their coastal interests, including outdoor recreation, in order to synchronize with the national maritime plans. As part of this process, The Gothenburg Region (GR), a co-operative organization for 13 municipalities located around Gothenburg, launched a project between 2016 and 2019 with an aim to achieve sustainable coastal-marine development in the region’s coastal municipalities. In late 2019, the result of the project was presented as a structural plan for the coastal zone, with a particular focus on a range of conservation and development initiatives. An important part of the work included an analysis of existing planning material as well as identification of missing documentation of key land and water use categories. This work revealed that documentation of outdoor recreation in the region’s coastal zone was almost completely missing. The situation presented a problem as an important prerequisite for planning, and thereby ensuring, quality recreational content in the coastal zone is detailed knowledge about it. The study reported in the paper was formed in response to the situation. In practice, the study was done as a complementary study towards the end of the regional project with a focus on mapping recreational activities in the coastal zone. To move away from previous information sources, a choice was made to use a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) method approach. PPGIS specializes in collecting relevant geographic data that can be used for mapping and overview purposes and is therefore particularly useful in planning processes. Furthermore, a distinct feature and difference from earlier sources is that PPGIS studies build on citizen science principles, involving members of the public in actively contributing with data input, leading to the generation of new data layers (Brown & Kyttä 2014). The study therefore explored two key aspects: identifying and mapping coastal-marine recreation in order to create a basic knowledge base for planning processes in the region as well as introducing, testing and pioneering the PPGIS method approach in the region. The most significant output of the study was spatial information about and, as a result, a basic knowledge base on coastal-marine outdoor recreation in the region. For the first time, it is possible to see the connection between the various recreational activities and the geographical context where they take place. For instance, the work shows that recreational activities take place almost everywhere along the coast and near coastal waters, confirming coastal-marine areas as a favorable recreational landscape type in the region. Furthermore, the work not only shows the presence, but also indications of volumes of coastal-based recreation in the region. An important result is also that there appears to be variation between locations of different recreational activities, which is not a surprising result, but important to visualize nonetheless. Together, the results confirm outdoor recreation as a significant land and water use category that deserves more attention and priority in future planning processes in the region. From a more regional perspective, the study results not only generate a new information layer to be used in regional planning processes, but also present an opportunity to work more actively with the region’s focus on sustainable coastal development. On a national level, the study findings also have relevance in the work on maritime spatial planning. For instance, the study confirms outdoor recreation to be a mostly near coastal activity with limited impact on the national planning area. In other words, coastal-marine recreational is primarily a focus for municipal planning activities. The work also concluded that the chosen PPGIS method strategy worked particularly well in terms of getting a spatial overview and involving citizens to take part of these types of studies. Indeed, from a research perspective, the work opens up for a broader look at data collection strategies that go beyond traditional visitor monitoring methodologies. Researchers with an interest in these types of studies must learn to embrace new technologies and what solutions they offer, while also being mindful about the pros and cons of applying the methods, including thoughts about the geographical context wherein they are applied. The reported study findings demonstrate that coastal-marine outdoor recreation no longer can continue to be an overlooked or disregarded planning category in the region. However, efforts should not stop here. In fact, the true value of the findings will only become apparent if the work is continued, partly in order to create more certainty around the results and partly as a way to discuss future changes and identify new developments. To realize this, the study must reach municipal and regional planners, who are the real targets for the study results and who not only have the power, but also the biggest need, to continue the work. If this outreach can be achieved, and planners embrace both the study results and the method approach, it would be an important step towards building a comprehensive knowledge base on outdoor recreation in all parts of the region, References Hansen, A.S. 2016. http://libris.kb.se/bib/19941225 Brown, G. & Kyttä, M. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.11.004
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| 17. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Mapping recreational activities in coastal and marine areas – PPGIS findings from western Sweden
- 2021
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In: The 29th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research - Book of Abstracts. - Akureyri : Icelandic Tourism Research Centre. - 1670-8857.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The presentation reports on a study with a focus on mapping coastal-marine recreation in the Gothenburg region, Sweden. In Sweden, outdoor recreation is considered an important land and water use activity why the topic has become an important planning topic, including in Gothenburg region where there is a focus on clarifying and structuring coastal recreation and related nature tourism activities. Recent work has, however, revealed a lack of documentation of outdoor recreation in the region’s coastal zone. The situation presented a problem as an important prerequisite for planning, and thereby ensuring quality recreational content in the coastal zone, is knowledge about it. The study was formed in response to the situation, using a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) method approach to collect relevant geographic data that can be used for mapping and overview purposes, while also engaging local stakeholders through use of new technology based on citizen science principles. The most significant output of the study was spatial information about and, as a result, a basic knowledge base on coastal-marine outdoor recreation and related nature tourism activities in the region. For the first time, it is possible to see the connection between the various recreational activities and the geographical context where they take place. Furthermore, the work not only shows the presence, but also indications of volumes of coastal-based recreation in the region. Summed up, the results confirm outdoor recreation as a significant land and water use category that deserves more attention and priority in future planning processes in the region.
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| 18. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983
(author)
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MARE 2021 session: Why we should embrace culture in MSP - An example from Sweden
- 2021
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In: MARE conference 2021 program.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With Sweden’s marine plans on the doorstep, several key stakeholders have been asking: where is culture, as well as outdoor recreation and tourism, in the plans? So far, these three ‘soft’ themes have not received much attention, which in Sweden has been reasoned with that culture (and with that outdoor recreation and tourism also) are mostly coastal planning concerns. However, when talking with local coastal municipalities as well as different kinds of public interest organizations in Sweden, opinions often are that culture, outdoor recreation and tourism are the topics they are most concerned with in marine governance work. Maybe not in terms of securing a dominating space or presence in the plans themselves, but through recognizing the strong linkage between people living at and with the sea. They feel that it is their identity and livelihood that is at stake when changes in the marine environment happen, and therefore that the health of the sea is crucial for their livelihood and connection with the sea. Consequently, many coastal communities have taken it upon themselves to be strong advocates for culture, including outdoor recreation and tourism, in order to emphasize that inclusive planning measures are taken for all sectors that either rely on or are concerned with the health of the marine environment. In short, culture along with outdoor recreation and tourism has led to a strong municipal commitment with a focus on securing and emphasizing Sweden’s strong marine heritage and ancestry in the coming marine plans.
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| 19. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Outdoor recreation and Covid-19 – post pandemic consequences for nature area planning and management
- 2022
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In: PLANNORD 2022 Book of Abstracts - THE 10TH NORDIC PLANNING RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM. - Aalborg : Aalborg University.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- After the pandemic began in 2020, reports on increasing public interest in nature and outdoor recreation surfaced. Examples and discussions came from all corners of the Nordic countries and were echoed globally. Preliminary observations, especially among area managers of nature areas, saw a rapid increase in visitor numbers. In some areas, so many visitors arrived that it was difficult to manage all guests and activities. This presentation highlights key findings and reflections on consequences in the planning for outdoor recreation resources in post pandemic times. The base is three studies from Sweden and Denmark with a focus on outdoor recreation during the pandemic. Using surveys, interviews and PPGIS approaches, results reveal several important planning aspects based on trends observed during the pandemic, e.g. increased outdoor recreation participation, new activity trends and various changes in spatial preferences. It is suggested that particular attention should be given to several planning measures with spatial consequences, including more investment in and potential expansion of blue-green infrastructures and areas designated for recreation. Important is also securing easy access to recreational resources, both inside residential areas and in the vicinity of densely populated urban areas. More practical area-based planning considerations, such as increased parking facilities, better transportation option to and from nature areas, broadening of trails, more active use of zoning as well as intensified monitoring of ecological and social conditions are also highlighted. In the coming years, the work is of special interest to planners working with nature areas for outdoor recreation, who can use the presented knowledge to be inspired and structure future planning activities. Moreover, planners can take advantage of increased outdoor recreation participation during Covid-19 toward supporting a reverse of a general societal loss of nature experience. Finally, potentially positive outcomes of increased nature experience, such as an increased opportunity for connectedness to nature, may be able to focus planning on human nature experience in ways that support human well-being and the development of pro-environmental behaviors.
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| 20. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Outdoor recreation during the corona pandemic – experiences and trends from western Sweden
- 2021
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In: The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations. - Ås, Norway : Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). - 2535-2806.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presentation reports on a study and published paper from western Sweden with a focus on the development of outdoor recreation in the region during the Covid-19 pandemic. When the pandemic swept across Sweden and Europe in March 2020, it resulted in major changes in and consequences for outdoor recreation activities across the country. Quite abruptly, conditions for a normal life in Sweden changed in order to reduce the spread of the virus. People were recommended to not travel outside their own region or municipality, and public transportation became problematic to use. Citizens were advised to work from home and not socialize with others beyond their own social circle. In other words, the whole foundation of an active outdoor lifestyle changed. This had consequences for all citizens and, not least, outdoor organizations, many of which had to postpone or completely cancel activities. As a result, the basic conditions for outdoor recreation changed fundamentally. But something else happened as well. Shortly after the pandemic took off, reports on increasing public interest in nature and outdoor recreation surfaced. Examples and discussions came from all corners of the country and were echoed globally. Preliminary observations, especially among local area managers, saw a sharp increase in visitor numbers. In some areas, so many arrived that it was difficult to receive all guests and at the same time show consideration for everyone and all activities. Life in the city also changed. The use of the city's green areas increased, becoming 'green oases' for people in search for a pandemic detox. Both local and national media began to write about the importance of exercise and moving around in nature. This likely helped to push many both newcomers and more routined outdoor enthusiasts into the outdoors. The reports and observations pointed in the same direction: outdoor recreation was undergoing new and rapid changes. Against this background, researchers at the University of Gothenburg and Gothenburg Region, a co-operative organization for thirteen municipalities, decided to collaborate on a study with the purpose of documenting recreational changes caused by the pandemic in western Sweden. The study was part of a national research program, Mistra Sport & Outdoors (2020-2028), which aims to generate knowledge and solutions for increased sustainability in sport and outdoor recreation in Sweden. The study was to be a contribution to the increasing knowledge base on outdoor creation during the pandemic in Sweden and internationally. The study was also to lead to increased knowledge about the regional development and thus create a base for current outdoor recreation planning and management strategies in the region. The study was done as a so-called Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) study (Brown & Kytta 2014). PPGIS is a method specializing in acquiring spatial data in a survey-like style, but based on an interactive mapping exercise, where participants plot activities on a map. The activity is usually followed by questions about the mapped activities and a more general survey. As is in the name, PPGIS studies uses a citizen science approach by inviting members of the public to participate and contribute with mapped data. A benefit of this approach is the opportunity to acquire large and often detailed data sets over short time, while it (usually) also is an interactive and interesting activity for participants. The study used a combined convenience and snowball strategy to reach citizens above 16 years of age in the region. The survey ran July to October 2020, four months in total. During that time, 4832 unique people visited the website, of which 1506 provided answers (approximately 32%). Put together, the maps and survey results point to several new outdoor recreation trends during the pandemic. Main results include: 1.Nature close to home has become important during the pandemic. 2.There is a sharp increase and a high concentration of visitors in popular nature areas, such as national parks and nature reserves, but also in traditionally less popular nature areas, such as smaller green corridors and spaces in urban areas. 3.Many respond that their outdoor habits have changed due to the pandemic and several point out that they will continue the habits even after the pandemic. 4.People seek the outdoors in order to recover and energize, to be free from worries and to socialize. Indeed, nature has become a social space, a 'sanctuary', during the pandemic. 5.Outdoor life in combination with exercise has become popular and can be linked to physical health. Walking, hiking, running and cycling are particular popular activities. 6.The new recreational trends has become a lifestyle for many, especially those who did not use the outdoors much before the pandemic. 7.Observed conflicts linked to the trends include increased crowding on paths, tracks and trails as well as cabins and parking lots, lack of consideration, visitors vs. landowners and littering. From a management perspective, the reported trends have large and long reaching consequences. On the positive side, the development has led to increased interest in the outdoors and nature, which has been an outspoken political goal, both regionally and nationally. On the negative side, the current development and trends have also led to challenges for management, both those of a social nature, such as the abovementioned conflicts, and those of an ecological nature, such as increased pressure on the physical environment due to increased visitor volumes and a larger visitor spread. The reported study has only scratched the surface when it comes to knowledge about the outdoor recreation trends that currently can be observed in the region. Furthermore, as there is no certainty about what will happen and be seen a year down the road, let alone a couple of months, it creates a precarious situation to be in from a research point of view. But all the more reason there is to closely pay attention to the trends observed now, as the world will not be back to normal after the pandemic. A new normal for the world, including outdoor recreation, is more likely. References Brown, G. & Kyttä, M. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.11.004
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| 21. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Outdoor recreation in Sweden during and after the Covid-19 pandemic–management and policy implications
- 2023
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In: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 66:7, s. 1472-1493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports results from three studies concerning outdoor recreation participation and trends during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. The studies, undertaken at national, regional and local levels, used surveys, interviews and PPGIS approaches, to build a solid knowledge base. Results are analyzed with particular attention given to management and policy implications based on the following observations: increased outdoor recreation participation, changes in lifestyle and routines, new visitor profiles and activity trends, spatial changes, visitor displacement, spatial redistribution, and indications of post-pandemic outdoor recreation behavior. The Swedish case is of special interest because of high accessibility to nature areas and few restrictions to recreate in nature due to the pandemic. Hence, this study could serve as a reference for other countries with more Covid-19 related restrictions and less accessible nature for recreation.
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| 22. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Reshaping the outdoors through education: exploring the potentials and challenges of ecological restoration education
- 2020
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In: Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2206-3110 .- 2522-879X. ; 23:1, s. 57-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper explores and critically discusses a new concept with relevance to outdoor and environmental education: Ecological Restoration Education (ERE). The background of ERE is a recently launched project by the Swedish Anglers Association (SAA) called ‘Skolbäcken’ with an aim to teach children about fish and fish habitats, and how to protect and conserve both, through practical restoration activities. The project is a reaction to an awakening concern about children’s reduced contact with and understanding of nature, both in the Scandinavian countries and elsewhere in the world. With a point of departure in this concern and project Skolbäcken, the paper explores the idea and practice of ERE, drawing from its conceptual roots; ‘ecological restoration’ and ‘outdoor education’. Results show a concept that is both timely and relevant, as it not only emphasizes the critique of the children-nature disconnect, but also con-tributes with strategies to meet the critique with solutions that are appreciated both by the children and by their teachers. However, there are also important challenges, including concerns about normative education and the ‘projectification’ of ERE and how these factors may influence the short or long term success and potential continuation of ERE as a learning strategy in schools. Future needs in terms of further grounding of ERE are also discussed.
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| 23. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Synthesizing knowledge and evidence to inform the management of coastal seas’ biodiversity and NCPs – a case study from Sweden
- 2022
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In: Presentation given at ECSA 59, 5-8 September 2022, Kursaal, San Sebastian, Spain. - Essen : University of Duisburg Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- While being among the most productive ecosystems on earth, coastal ecosystems are heavily impacted by anthropogenic causes on land and at sea. Fisheries, nutrient discharges from land uses and global climate change, for example, adversely affect coastal seas’ biodiversity, functioning and related nature’s contributions to people (NCPs). Data and knowledge of particular cause-effect relationships in these complex systems is often insufficient or missing. Therefore, a coupled model framework was developed that allows the combination of evidence from environmental monitoring data, literature, expert knowledge and stakeholder interviews and thereby enables the exploration of causal relations between human-induced environmental change, biodiversity and NCPs. The framework was applied to the Kosterhavet National Park in Sweden. First, a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) was built to link anthropogenic land and sea uses and climate change via abiotic and biotic cause-and-effect relationships to two ecological key species in the national park: eelgrass (Zostera marina) and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Subsequently, social-cultural and social-economic cause-and-consequence chains were developed, to derive the potential implications of changes in eelgrass coverage and shrimp stock on human well-being. It was shown that the sustainable management of the two target species in Kosterhavet National Park requires local management in the park (e.g. recreational use and fishery) and regional management across coastal water bodies (e.g. nutrient management). Significant declines in eelgrass and northern shrimp were found to impact the people’s place attachment, tradition, knowledge and identity more than their regional economy. The coupled model framework is currently implemented as an online tool to facilitate its application and support decision making.
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| 24. |
- Skriver Hansen, Andreas, 1983
(author)
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Understanding recreational landscapes – a review and discussion
- 2021
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In: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 46:1, s. 128-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper contributes with a better understanding of recreational landscapes as a conceptual coupling that lacks clarity and cementation as a legitimate and integrated concept in landscape and outdoor recreation-related disciplines, especially within Nordic landscape and outdoor recreation research. The approach in the paper is an explorative-theoretical one with a base in a literature review. The results show 294 identified texts using the conceptual coupling ‘recreation(al) landscape(s)’ in any of its variants and published in 155 different journals. Only a few of the texts offer detailed description of its meaning. Consequently, in an attempt to further the understanding of recreational landscapes, the conceptual coupling is explored and discussed in more detail with special attention given to different landscape relations, human-nature encounters and the relationship between landscape and place. A conclusion is that recreational landscapes must receive more attention and better anchoring in various landscape and outdoor recreation-related disciplines.
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