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- Graves, J R, et al.
(author)
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Survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest: their prognosis, longevity and functional status.
- 1997
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In: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 35:2, s. 117-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports, consistent with Utstein Style definitions, 13 years experience observing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors' prognosis, longevity and functional status. We report for all patients, available outcome information for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in Göteborg Sweden between 1980 and 1993. Patients were followed for at least 1 year and some for over 14 years. From 1980 to 1993 Göteborg EMS treated 3754 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. 9% (n = 324) were discharged from the hospital alive. Survivors' median age was 67 and 21% (n = 67) were women. Mortality rate was: 21% (n = 61) at 1 year; 56% (n = 78) by 5 years; and 82% (n = 32) by 10 years following the arrest. During the first 3 years, 16% (n = 46) experienced another cardiac arrest, 19% (n = 53) had an acute myocardial infraction and a total of 81% (n = 232) were rehospitalized for various conditions. 14% (n = 40) returned to previous employment, and 74% (n = 229) had retired before their arrest occurred. Cerebral performance categories (CPC) scores were: At hospital discharge N = 324; Data available for 320-1 = 53% (n = 171), 2 = 21% (n = 66), 3 = 24% (n = 77), 4 = 2% (n = 6). One year post arrest N = 263; Data available for 212-1 = 73% (n = 156), 2 = 9% (n = 18), 3 = 17% (n = 36), 4 = 1% (n = 2). Overall, 21% (n = 61) of cardiac arrest survivors died during the first year, and an additional 16% (n = 46) experienced another arrest. 73% of those patients who were still alive after 1 year returned to pre-arrest function.
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| 2. |
- Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Two years of growth hormone (GH) treatment increase isometric and isokinetic muscle strength in GH-deficient adults.
- 1997
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In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 82:9, s. 2877-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- GH deficiency in adults is associated with reduced muscle mass and muscle strength. The objective of this trial was to follow the effect of 2 yr of GH treatment in GH-deficient adults on muscle performance in relation to a reference population. Knee extensor and flexor strengths for isometric and isokinetic concentric muscle strength were measured using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Hand-grip strength was measured in both hands. The fatigue index was calculated as the percent reduction in peak torque at 50 repeated isokinetic knee extensions. Superimposed, single twitch electrical stimulation was performed. The GH-deficient subjects had lower isometric knee extensor, knee flexor, and hand-grip strength than the reference population. Two years of GH treatment increased and normalized the mean isometric knee extensor and flexor strengths. The concentric knee flexor and extensor strength at an angular velocity of pi rad/s increased, as did the concentric knee flexor strength at an angular velocity of pi/3 rad/s. The increase in muscle strength was more marked in younger patients and in patients with lower initial muscle strength than predicted. Quadriceps endurance decreased, whereas the effect of superimposing single twitches on isometric contraction and hand-grip strength was unaffected by the GH treatment. Two years of GH therapy in GH-deficient adults increased and normalized isokinetic and isometric muscle strength studied in proximal muscle groups. Hand-grip strength and the degree of lack of maximal motor unit activation on voluntary isometric knee extensor force did not change. The dynamic local muscle fatigue index decreased.
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| 3. |
- Willén, Carin, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Physical performance in individuals with late effects of polio.
- 1999
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In: Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. - 0036-5505. ; 31:4, s. 244-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate physical performance in individuals with late effects of polio; specifically, to evaluate the effects of reduced muscle strength in the lower limbs. Thirty-two individuals seen at the polio clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, participated in the study. Each subject performed a bicycle exercise test in which peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold were determined. Muscle strength in the quadriceps and the hamstrings were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Reductions in peak workload, peak oxygen uptake and predicted heart rate were seen. The anaerobic threshold was within or slightly lower than normal limits in relation to predicted maximal oxygen uptake, indicating that the cardio-respiratory system was not limiting performance. The muscle testing demonstrated a significantly lower ability to perform muscle actions compared with individuals from a reference group, and strong correlations were found between muscle strength peak VO2 and peak workload, respectively. Adjusted peripheral muscle endurance training might improve the work capacity in those individuals with weak leg muscles and low oxygen uptake, while individuals with relatively good muscle strength would improve their aerobic fitness in a general fitness program.
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