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- Rödström, Kerstin, 1953, et al.
(author)
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A longitudinal study of the treatment of hot flushes: the population study of women in Gothenburg during a quarter of a century
- 2002
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In: Menopause. - 1072-3714. ; 9:3, s. 156-161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska/Akademin, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden. Kerstin.Rodstrom@allmed.gu.se OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and treatment of hot flushes in premenopausal and postmenopausal women from the 1960s to the 1990s. DESIGN: This prospective study, based on a random sample of the total female population of 430,000 in Gothenburg, Sweden, was started in 1968, with follow-ups in 1974, 1980, and 1992. The participants were 1,462 women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914, and 1908 (participation rate 90.1%) who were representative of women of the same age in the general population. For the purpose of analyzing secular trends, we included 122 participants who were 38 years old and 47 who were 50 years old in 1980-1981. RESULTS: The prevalence of hot flushes increased from approximately 11% at 38 years to a maximal prevalence of approximately 60% at 52 to 54 years of age, then declined successively from approximately 30% at 60 years of age to approximately 15% at 66 years of age, and then to approximately 9% at 72 years of age. The predominant type of medication being prescribed changed during the observation period from sedatives/anticholinergic drugs in the 1960s to hormone replacement therapy in the 1980s. Hormone replacement therapy was considered to be an effective form of treatment for hot flushes by 70% to 87% of the women. CONCLUSIONS: Hot flushes were a common symptom, with a maximal prevalence of 64% at 54 years of age. Medical consultation and treatment did not increase in 50-year-old women from 1968-1969 to 1980-1981. Treatment changed and became more effective during the observation period. PMID: 11973438 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 2. |
- Rödström, Kerstin, 1953, et al.
(author)
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Evidence for a secular trend in menopausal age: a population study of women in Gothenburg
- 2003
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In: Menopause. ; 10 (6):Nov-Dec, s. 538-543
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden. Kerstin.Rodstrom@allmed.gu.se OBJECTIVE: To describe secular trends in age of natural menopause. DESIGN: A prospective study based on a random sample of the total female population in Gothenburg, Sweden, started in 1968 with follow-ups in 1974-75, 1980-81, 1992-93, and 2000-02. Participants: 1,462 women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914, and 1908 (participation rate, 90.1%) representative of women of the same ages in the general population. Information regarding menopausal age was provided by 1,373 of the 1,462 women (93.9%). The number was further reduced to 1,017 after exclusion of women who had taken hormones, undergone a surgical menopause, or both. RESULTS: The mean age at natural menopause showed a steady increase across birth cohorts. Trends were similar in women who had smoked and women who had never smoked, even after adjusting for different covariates. The upward trend was 0.1 years per birth year (SE 0.020, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, women with earlier menarche had a somewhat earlier age at menopause, independent of the cohort effect. When hormone users were included in the sample, the cohort effect was also found to be independent of oral contraceptive use and hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that, independent of variations in socioeconomic status, smoking status, oral contraceptive use, or hormone therapy use, as well as other potential confounders, there was a highly significant secular trend of increase in menopausal age. The observation of a positive association between menarche and menopausal age has, to our knowledge, not previously been described. PMID: 14627863 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 4. |
- Wentz, Elisabet, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Bone density 11 years after anorexia nervosa onset in a controlled study of 39 cases.
- 2003
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - 0276-3478. ; 34:3, s. 314-318
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition 11 years after the onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). Method Thirty-nine AN subjects (36 females, 3 males), selected from a population-based sample, and 46 matched controls (COMP; 43 females, 3 males) were examined by using double-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Only 2 women still had AN. None of the men had AN. Results The females in the AN and COMP groups did not differ regarding BMD, nor was there a difference across female groups concerning body mass index (BMI). The female AN group had a significantly lower percentage of body fat. BMD among females in the AN group was related to lowest BMI ever. There was an inverse relationship between lumbar BMD and AN duration. Discussion Low BMD is not overrepresented among weight-restored AN patients at long-term follow-up compared with healthy women. However, the inverse relationship between BMD and AN duration may be indicative of a risk for osteopenia in patients with subchronic and chronic AN.
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| 7. |
- Eiben, Gabriele, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes - cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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In: Public Health Nutrition. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. gabriele.eiben@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts. RESULTS: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men. CONCLUSIONS: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population. PMID: 15251054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8. |
- Hessler, Richard, et al.
(author)
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The compression of morbidity debate in aging: an empirical test using the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden (H70)
- 2003
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In: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. ; 37:3, s. 213-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The H70 longitudinal study of aging, Göteborg, Sweden is used to empirically test the compression of morbidity theory advanced by [Fries, 1980 and Fries and Crapo, 1981]. We reconceptualize compression as postponement of morbidity in the sense of decreasing amounts of illness for increasingly long life spans. Operationally, morbidity is defined as the average number of hospital days in the last year of life. The date of death and the date of 1-year prior to death define the risk period. The linear regression model with age at death, age at death squared, year of birth, and sex are statistically significant with the oldest having the fewest hospital days. The findings offer partial support for the compression of morbidity theory.
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| 9. |
- Kristjansson, Karl, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Blood pressure and pulse pressure development in a population sample of women with special reference to basal body mass and distribution of body fat and their changes during 24 years
- 2003
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In: International Journal of Obesity. ; 27, s. 128-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Family Medicine, Solvangur Health Centre, University of Iceland, Hafnarfjördur, Iceland. karlk@hgsolvangur.is OBJECTIVE: To study blood pressure and pulse pressure longitudinally and their association with basal and change of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). DESIGN: A prospective population study of 1462 women in Gothenburg, Sweden, aged 38-60 y at baseline, with a longitudinal follow-up of 24 y. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure at baseline and after 12 and 24 y of follow-up. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as pulse pressure increased with age and turned down again at high age. BMI and WHR at baseline were each independently associated with baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but only BMI with pulse pressure. However, baseline BMI and WHR were not associated with change of systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure during 12 or 24 y of follow-up. Increase in BMI during the follow-up period was associated with increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not with increase in pulse pressure. There were no such associations with WHR changes which, were either unrelated or in one analysis inversely related with blood pressure changes. When considering incidence of hypertension during the first 12 y of follow-up, BMI and change in BMI were significant predictors, independent of WHR. CONCLUSION: Age, BMI and increments in BMI seem to be strong predictors for hypertension and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in women. In contrast, WHR plays a lesser and uncertain role in the development of hypertension in middle-aged women. Changes in BMI seem not to be accompanied by changes in pulse pressure during a long time follow-up. PMID: 12532164 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Participation bias in longitudinal studies: experience from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ; 21, s. 242-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. lauren.lissner@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: To describe a cohort study of women receiving a series of comprehensive health examinations over 32 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal population study based on a randomised sample of the female population from defined age cohorts. SETTING: City of Göteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 38, 46, 50, 54 or 60 years old at the start of the study in 1968. Re-examinations were performed in 1974, 1982 and 1992. Non-participants in the most recent examination, initiated in 2000, were offered home visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation, anthropometric and blood pressure changes. RESULTS: At the end of the 32-year follow-up, 64% of the original participants were alive, and low participation among survivors was a problem. An acceptable participation rate (71% of those alive) was obtained after home visits were offered. Surviving non-participants already had elevated cardiovascular risk factors at onset of the study in 1968, along with lower educational level and lower socioeconomic status. Home visited subjects were similar to non-participants with regard to anthropometry and blood pressure, but did not differ from participants with regard to social indicators. Thirty-two-year longitudinal data demonstrate clear ageing effects for several important variables, which should, however, be considered in the context of documented differences with non-participants at the baseline examination. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies in elderly populations provide important data on changes during the ageing process. However, participation rates decline for a number of reasons and generalisations should be made with care. Moreover, including home visits in the protocol can both increase participation and reduce participation bias in elderly cohorts. PMID: 14695076 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 11. |
- Waern, Margda, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Suicidal ideation in a female population sample. Relationship with depression, anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence/abuse.
- 2002
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In: European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 252:2, s. 81-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to analyse the association between three psychiatric disorders (anxiety disorder, depression and alcohol dependence/abuse) and past year suicidal ideation in women. METHOD: As part of the longitudinal population-based study "Women and Alcohol in Göteborg", face-to-face interviews were administered to a stratified sample of 25-65 year old women (n = 313). Past year and lifetime diagnoses of depression, anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence/abuse were made according to DSM-III-R. Past year suicidal feelings were rated according to Paykel et al. RESULTS: The weighted one-year prevalence of suicidal thoughts was 6.6%. Such thoughts were acknowledged by 24.2% of the women with a depressive disorder, 20% of the women with an anxiety disorder and 22.7% of those with alcohol dependence/abuse (ADA) during the past year. Depressive disorder and ADA were associated with suicidal thoughts in the univariate analysis. Such an association could not be shown for anxiety disorder. When all three disorders were entered into a logistic regression model, only depressive disorder remained associated with past year suicidal ideation. One third of the women who reported past year suicidal thoughts did not fulfil criteria for a DSM-III-R Axis I disorder during this time period. IMPLICATIONS: Our results underline the need for assessment of suicidality even in women with subsyndromal states.
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| 13. |
- Zylberstein, Dimitri, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Serum homocysteine in relation to mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease - a 24 year follow-up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2004
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In: Circulation. ; 109 (5):Feb 10, s. 601-606
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. dimitri.zylberstein@allmed.gu.se BACKGROUND: Elevated serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially in men. However, there are few prospective population studies on female cohorts, and none of these has been longer than 13 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg began in 1968/1969, at which time a representative population-based cohort of women aged 38, 46, 50, 54, and 60 years was recruited. The present cohort is a prospective follow-up of 1368 women in the original cohort for whom blood samples were stored and who were free of previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the 1968/1969 baseline. Homocysteine was analyzed in 2001 with frozen serum from the baseline study and related to AMI incidence and mortality during 24 years of follow-up. Cox regression analyses were used with adjustment for age, traditional risk factors, and tHcy modifiers. For the fifth tHcy quintile, relative risk was 1.86 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.26) for AMI and 5.14 (95% CI 2.22 to 11.92) for death due to AMI. Age-standardized Kaplan-Meier plots for the fifth tHcy quintile versus others showed significant differences both for AMI and for death due to AMI that were apparent after 15 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Homocysteine in middle-aged women is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and in particular mortality due to myocardial infarction. The study illustrates that long-term prospective studies might be necessary to show effects of homocysteine levels on AMI morbidity and mortality in women. PMID: 14769681 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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