| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(author)
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The ATLAS TRT barrel detector
- 2008
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT barrel is a tracking drift chamber using 52,544 individual tubular drift tubes. It is one part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, which consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4 to 20 cm, the semiconductor tracker (SCT) from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker ( TRT) from 56 to 108 cm. The TRT barrel covers the central pseudo-rapidity region |eta| < 1, while the TRT endcaps cover the forward and backward eta regions. These TRT systems provide a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the recently-completed construction of the TRT Barrel detector, including the quality control procedures used in the fabrication of the detector.
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| 3. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(author)
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The ATLAS TRT end-cap detectors
- 2008
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT end-cap is a tracking drift chamber using 245,760 individual tubular drift tubes. It is a part of the TRT tracker which consist of the barrel and two end-caps. The TRT end-caps cover the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity region 1.0 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.0, while the TRT barrel central eta region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0. The TRT system provides a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. Along with other two sub-systems, namely the Pixel detector and Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT), the TRT constitutes the ATLAS Inner Detector. This paper describes the recently completed and installed TRT end-cap detectors, their design, assembly, integration and the acceptance tests applied during the construction.
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| 4. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(author)
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The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) proportional drift tube: design and performance
- 2008
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A straw proportional counter is the basic element of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). Its detailed properties as well as the main properties of a few TRT operating gas mixtures are described. Particular attention is paid to straw tube performance in high radiation conditions and to its operational stability.
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| 5. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(author)
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The ATLAS TRT electronics
- 2008
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ATLAS inner detector consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4cm-20cm, the semiconductor tracker at radii from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker (TRT), tracking from 56 to 107 cm. The TRT provides a combination of continuous tracking with many projective measurements based on individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibres or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the on and off detector electronics for the TRT as well as the TRT portion of the data acquisition (DAQ) system.
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| 6. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 7. |
- Cooke, S.J., et al.
(author)
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Developing a mechanistic understanding of fish migrations by linking telemetry with physiology, behavior, genomics and experimental biology: an interdisciplinary case study on adult fraser river sockeys salmon
- 2008
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In: Fisheries. ; 33:7, s. 321-338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fish migration represents one of the most complex and intriguing biological phenomena in the animal kingdom. How do fish migrate such vast distances? What are the costs and benefits of migration? Some of these fundamental questions have been addressed through the use of telemetry. However, telemetry alone has not and will not yield a complete understanding of the migration biology of fish or provide solutions to problems such as identifying physical barriers to migration or understanding potential impacts of climate change. Telemetry can be coupled with other tools and techniques to yield new insights into animal biology. Using Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as a model, we summarize the advances that we have made in understanding salmonid migration biology through the integration of disciplines (i.e., interdisciplinary research) including physiology, behavior, functional genomics, and experimental biology. We also discuss opportunities for using large-scale telemetry arrays and taking a more experimental approach to studies of fish migration that use telemetry (i.e., intervention studies involving endocrine implants, simulated migration studies) rather than simply focusing on descriptive or correlational techniques. Only through integrative and interdisciplinary research will it be possible to understand the mechanistic basis of fish migrations and to predict and possibly mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic impacts. Telemetry is a tool that has the potential to integrate research across disciplines and between the lab and the field to advance the science of fish migration biology. The techniques that we have applied to the study of Pacific salmon are equally relevant to other fish taxa in both marine and freshwater systems as well as migratory animals beyond ichthyofauna. The interdisciplinary approach used here was essential to address a pressing and complex conservation problem association with sockeye salmon migration.
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| 8. |
- Andreyev, A. N., et al.
(author)
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alpha decay of the new isotopes Rn-193,Rn-194
- 2006
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 74:6, s. 064303-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new neutron-deficient isotopes Rn-193,Rn-194 have been identified in the complete fusion reaction Cr-52+Sm-144 -> Rn-196(*) at the velocity filter SHIP. The alpha-decay energy and half-life value of Rn-194 were determined to be E-alpha=7700(10) keV and T-1/2=0.78(16) ms, respectively. For Rn-193 the half-life of T-1/2=1.15(27) ms and two alpha lines at E-alpha 1=7685(15) keV, I-alpha 1=74(20)% and E-alpha 2=7875(20) keV, I-alpha 2=26(12)% were found. The decay pattern of Rn-193, which is substantially different from that of the heavier odd-A Rn isotopes, provides first experimental evidence for the long-predicted deformation in the very neutron-deficient Rn nuclei.
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| 9. |
- Fusco, F M, et al.
(author)
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EuroNHID checklists for the assessment of high-level isolation units and referral centres for highly infectious diseases : results from the pilot phase of a European survey
- 2009
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In: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X. ; 15:8, s. 711-719
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Healthcare settings have been identified as preferential for the transmission of many agents causing highly infectious diseases (HIDs). Infection control procedures strongly reduce the risk of transmission of HIDs in hospital settings, when adequately applied. The main objective of the European Network for Highly Infectious Diseases (EuroNHID), a network co-funded by the European Commission, is to assess the current capabilities for dealing with HIDs in Europe, specifically in the context of infection control and healthcare worker (HCW) safety, through conducting an on-the-field survey of high-level isolation units (HLIUs)/referral centres for the management of HIDs in participating countries. During the first year of the projects activities, specifically designed, evidence-based checklists were developed. This review introduces the EuroNHID checklists as a standard tool for the assessment of hospital capabilities concerning infection control and HCW safety in the management of patients with HIDs, and presents preliminary results from five HLIUs.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ollier, J., et al.
(author)
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Ultrahigh-spin spectroscopy of Er-159,Er-160: Observation of triaxial strongly deformed structures
- 2009
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three weakly populated high-spin rotational bands associated with the gamma decay of Er-159 and Er-160 were observed in fusion-evaporation reactions involving a beam of Ca-48 at an energy of 215 MeV incident on a Cd-116 target. The gamma decays were detected using the highly efficient Gammasphere spectrometer. The discovery of these bands, which extend discrete-line spectroscopy in these nuclei to ultrahigh spin of similar to 60h, is consistent with recent observations of high-spin collective structures in isotopes of Er, Yb, and Tm around N=90. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations suggest that these bands may arise from well-deformed triaxial configurations with either positive or negative gamma deformation.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Antalic, S., et al.
(author)
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The new isotopes in Po-Rn region
- 2007
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In: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 38:4, s. 1557-1560
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This contribution reviews the results of the recent experiments at the velocity filter SHIP in GSI Darmstadt obtained in the region of neutron deficient isotopes from lead to radon. The data for new very neutron-deficient isotopes Po-187, Rn-193,Rn-194 and their decay properties are presented. The isotopes were produced and identified in the complete fusion reactions Ti-46+Sm-144 -> Po-187+3n and Cr-52+Sm-144 -> Rn-194,Rn-193+2,3n.
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| 15. |
- Hornillos, M. B. G., et al.
(author)
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gamma-ray spectroscopy approaching the limits of existence of atomic nuclei : A study of the excited states of Pt-168 and Pt-169
- 2009
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 79:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited states in the N=90 and N=91 Pt nuclei have been investigated using the JUROGAM and GREAT spectrometers in conjunction with the RITU gas-filled separator. These nuclei were populated via the reactions Mo-92(Kr-78,2n) and Mo-94(Kr-78,3n) at 335 and 348 MeV, respectively. The recoil-decay tagging technique has been used to correlate prompt gamma radiation with the characteristic alpha decays of Pt-168 and Pt-169. A gamma-gamma analysis has allowed a level scheme for Pt-168 to be reported for the first time and the level scheme for Pt-169 to be extended. The excitation energies of the proposed positive-parity yrast states of Pt-168 are compared with calculations based on the interacting boson model and found to be in excellent agreement. These data show a continuation of the trend toward vibrational nuclei as the N=82 shell gap is approached. In addition, new excited states constituting two decay paths have been discovered in Pt-169. .
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| 16. |
- Naing, C. L., et al.
(author)
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Single-vehicle collisions in Europe: analysis using real-world and crash-test data
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 13:2, s. 219-229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many European road casualties result from vehicles leaving the road, often impacting roadside obstacles. As part of the European Commission-funded project RISER (Roadside Infrastructure for Safer European Roads), several activities were undertaken to collate the type of real world crash data which is needed to understand single vehicle crash situations and relate this to crash-test data mandated in the European Union. Accident data were collected and used to create databases exclusively for single-vehicle collisions on major rural roads, simulation software was used to further understand impacts with roadside structures, and an inventory of crash-test data was collected for impacts with poles and safety barriers. The combination of accident data, simulations and crash-test data has provided a unique insight into the characteristics of single-vehicle collisions, helping those involved in the design and evaluation of the roadside environment to understand them better and make recommendations for consideration when drafting design guidelines.
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| 17. |
- Page, R. D., et al.
(author)
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alpha decay of Re-159 and proton emission from Ta-155
- 2007
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 75:6, s. 061302-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The alpha decay of Re-159 has been observed for the first time in reactions of 300 MeV Ni-58 ions with an isotopically enriched Cd-106 target. The Re-159 ions were separated in-flight using the RITU separator and implanted into the GREAT spectrometer. The alpha decay emanates from the proton-emitting pi h(11/2) state in Re-159 with an energy of E-alpha=6776 +/- 26 keV and a branching ratio of 7.5 +/- 3.5%. This alpha decay populates a state in the closed neutron shell nucleus Ta-155, which decays by emitting 1444 +/- 15 keV protons with a half-life of 2.9(-1.1)(+1.5) ms. These values are consistent with the emission of the proton from a pi h(11/2) orbital. These results fit in with the systematics of proton and alpha-particle separation energies in the region, but disagree with the previously reported decay properties of Ta-155.
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| 18. |
- Page, R. D., et al.
(author)
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Probing single-particle structures beyond the proton drip line
- 2007
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In: Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 9780735404755 ; , s. 137-142
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Single-particle energies have been investigated in the closed neutron shell proton emitter 155Ta. The 155Ta nuclei were populated through the α decay of 159Re, which has been observed for the first time. The 159Re nuclei were produced in reactions of 300 MeV 58Ni ions with an isotopically enriched 106Cd target, separated in-flight using the RITU separator and implanted into the GREAT spectrometer. The 159Re α decay emanates from the proton-emitting πh11/2 state and populates a state in 155Ta which decays by the emission of a proton from a πh 11/2 orbital. The results fit in with the systematics of proton and α-particle separation energies in the region, but disagree with the previously reported decay properties of 155Ta.
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| 19. |
- Singh, B. S. Nara, et al.
(author)
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Coulomb shifts and shape changes in the mass 70 region
- 2007
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 75:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The technique of recoil beta tagging has been developed which allows prompt gamma decays in nuclei from excited states to be correlated with electrons from their subsequent short-lived beta decay. This technique is ideal for studying nuclei very far from stability and improves in sensitivity for very short-lived decays and for high decay Q-values. The method has allowed excited states in Y-78 to be observed for the first time, as well as an extension in the knowledge of T=1 states in Rb-74. From this new information it has been possible to compare Coulomb energy differences (CED) between T=1 states in Br-70/Se-70, Rb-74/Kr-74, and Y-78/Sr-78. The A=70 CED exhibit an anomalous behavior which is inconsistent with all other known CED. This behavior may be accounted for qualitatively in terms of small variations in the Coulomb energy arising from shape changes.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Wadsworth, R., et al.
(author)
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THE NORTHWEST FRONTIER : SPECTROSCOPY OF N similar to Z NUCLEI BELOW MASS 100
- 2009
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In: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 40:3, s. 611-620
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The spectroscopy and structure of excited states of N similar to Z nuclei in the mass 70-100 region has been investigated using two techniques. In the A similar to 70-80 region fusion evaporation reactions coupled with the recoil-beta-tagging method have been employed at Jyvaskyla to study low-lying states in odd-odd N = Z nuclei. Results from these and other data for known odd-odd nuclei above mass 60 will be discussed. In the heavier mass 90 region a fragmentation experiment has been performed using the RIS-ING/FRS setup at GSI. This experiment was primarily aimed at searching for spin gap isomers in nuclei around A similar to 96. The objectives of the latter experiment will be discussed.
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