| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 5. |
- Dahlin, Emelie, et al.
(author)
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Effects of physical exercise and stress on hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in adolescent and adult Wistar rats
- 2019
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In: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 408, s. 22-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is commonly recognized that physical exercise positively affects several CNS regions and improves cognitive abilities. For example, exercise is associated with an increase in neurogenesis and facilitation of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conversely, animal models for depression are associated with a decrease in neurogenesis and a reduction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Although exercise could be a viable option in the treatment of some forms of depression, the mechanisms responsible for such improvements have not been elucidated. In this study, we examine hippocampal function using electrophysiological field recordings in CA1 and dentate gyrus to study baseline synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in adolescent and adult rats prenatally exposed to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. One group of animals was allowed to run voluntarily for 10 or 21 days using an exercise wheel before the experiments, and the control group was prevented from running (i.e. the exercise wheel was locked). In adult saline-exposed animals, exercise was associated with increased long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. Unexpectedly, in dexamethasone-exposed animals, dentate gyrus long-term potentiation was facilitated, whereas long-term potentiation in CA1 was unaffected by prenatal dexamethasone or by 10 or 21 days of voluntary running. Irrespective of age, prenatal dexamethasone and running had limited effects on synaptic transmission and presynaptic release in CA1 and dentate gyrus. In summary, running facilitates dentate gyrus long-term potentiation in adult animals that resembles the effects of prenatal dexamethasone. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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A Social Science Perspective on Resilience
- 2016
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In: The Routledge Handbook of International Resilience. - 9781138784321 - 9781315765006 ; , s. 49-62
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Sverige kan leda en revolution i jordbruket
- 2019
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In: Svenska Dagbladet, SvD Opinion. - 1101-2412.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sverige kan bli ledande i en radikal omställning av framtidens matproduktion. Genom forskning och utveckling av perenna livsmedelsgrödor kan vi aktivt främja en perenn revolution i jordbruket. Perenna grödor återkommer år efter år utan att behöva sås på nytt, skriver en rad forskare.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Why resilience is unappealing to social science : Theoretical and empirical investigations of the scientific use of resilience
- 2015
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In: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Resilience is often promoted as a boundary concept to integrate the social and natural dimensions of sustainability. However, it is a troubled dialogue from which social scientists may feel detached. To explain this, we first scrutinize the meanings, attributes, and uses of resilience in ecology and elsewhere to construct a typology of definitions. Second, we analyze core concepts and principles in resilience theory that cause disciplinary tensions between the social and natural sciences (system ontology, system boundary, equilibria and thresholds, feedback mechanisms, self-organization, and function). Third, we provide empirical evidence of the asymmetry in the use of resilience theory in ecology and environmental sciences compared to five relevant social science disciplines. Fourth, we contrast the unification ambition in resilience theory with methodological pluralism. Throughout, we develop the argument that incommensurability and unification constrain the interdisciplinary dialogue, whereas pluralism drawing on core social scientific concepts would better facilitate integrated sustainability research.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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The interdisciplinary decision problem : Popperian optimism and Kuhnian pessimism in forestry
- 2018
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In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 23:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interdisciplinary research in the fields of forestry and sustainability studies often encounters seemingly incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The perceived incompatibilities might emerge from the epistemological and ontological claims of the theories or models directly employed in the interdisciplinary collaboration, or they might be created by other epistemological and ontological assumptions that these interdisciplinary researchers find no reason to question. In this paper we discuss the benefits and risks of two possible approaches, Popperian optimism and Kuhnian pessimism, to interdisciplinary knowledge integration where epistemological and ontological differences between the sciences involved can be expected.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Toward an alternative dialogue between the social and natural sciences
- 2018
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In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 23:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interdisciplinary research within the field of sustainability studies often faces incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The importance of this fact is often underrated and sometimes leads to the wrong strategies. We distinguish between two broad approaches in interdisciplinarity: unificationism and pluralism. Unificationism seeks unification and perceives disciplinary boundaries as conventional, representing no long-term obstacle to progress, whereas pluralism emphasizes more ephemeral and transient interdisciplinary connections and underscores the autonomy of the disciplines with respect to one another. Both approaches have their merits and pitfalls. Unification runs the risk of scientific imperialism, while pluralism can result in insurmountable barriers between disciplines. We made a comparison of eight distinct interdisciplinary attempts at integration of knowledge across social and natural sciences. The comparison was carried out as four pairwise comparisons: environmental economics versus ecological economics, environmental history versus historical ecology, resilience theory versus political ecology, and socio-biology versus actor-network theory. We conclude by showing that none of these prominent eight interdisciplinary fields in and of itself manages to provide, in a satisfactory way, such an integrated understanding of sustainability. We argue for pluralism and advocate complex ways of articulating divergent ontological assumptions. This is not equivalent to pursuing knowledge unification either through scientific imperialism or by catering to the requirements of narrow practical utility. It means prioritizing interdisciplinary integration by simultaneously acknowledging the role of societal and natural factors in accounting for sustainability issues.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Against general resilience
- 2019
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In: The Routledge Handbook of Urban Resilience. - : Routledge. - 9781138583597 - 9780429506666 ; , s. 26-34
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 15. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Ecosystem services between integration and economics imperialism
- 2018
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In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 23:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here, we explore the interdisciplinary merits of the ecosystem services concept by recruiting the notion of economics imperialism. We identify four different ways in which interdisciplinary concepts can fail as interdisciplinary concepts, three of which are associated with imperialism. First, interdisciplinary concepts can fail to be integrative, typically by being overtly flexible or vague. The remaining three ways, which typically mark imperialist infringements, are: failure to achieve ontological unification, failure to maintain or accommodate a plurality of accounts when it is suitable, and the obfuscation of social or ethical values. We analyze some of the critiques that have been raised with respect to the ecosystem services concept as a case of economics imperialism. We conclude by discussing the scope and limits of the concept more broadly and what those mean for an interdisciplinary ecosystem services science going forward.
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| 16. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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History and philosophy of science as an interdisciplinary field of problem transfers
- 2015
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In: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2192-6255 .- 2192-6263. - 9783319185996 - 9783319186009 ; 21, s. 147-159
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The extensive discussions of the relationship between the history of science and the philosophy of science in the mid-20th century provide a long history of grappling with the relevance of empirical research on the practices of science to the philosophical analysis of science. Further, those discussions also touched upon the issue of importing empirical methods into the philosophy of science through the creation of an interdisciplinary field, namely, the history and philosophy of science. In this paper we return to Giere (1973) and his claim that history of science as a discipline cannot contribute to philosophy of science by providing, partial or whole, solutions to philosophical problems. Does this imply that there can be no genuine interdisciplinarity between the two disciplines? In answering this question it is first suggested that connections between disciplines can be formed around the transfer and sharing of problems (as well as solutions); and that this is a viable alternative for how to understand the relationship between history and philosophy of science. Next we argue that this alternative is sufficient for establishing a genuine form of interdisciplinarity between them. An example is presented—Darden’s (1991) book on theory change—that shows how philosophy of science can rely on history of science in this way.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Is resilience a normative concept?
- 2018
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In: Resilience - International Policies, Practices and Discourses. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2169-3293. ; 6:2, s. 112-128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we engage with the question of the normative content of the resilience concept. The issues are approached in two consecutive steps. First, we proceed from a narrow construal of the resilience concept – as the ability of a system to absorb a disturbance – and show that under an analysis of normative concepts as evaluative concepts resilience comes out as descriptive. In the second part of the paper, we argue that (1) for systems of interest (primarily social systems or system with a social component) we seem to have options with respect to how they are described and (2) that this matters for what is to be taken as a sign of resilience as opposed to a sign of the lack of resilience for such systems. We discuss the implications of this for how the concept should be applied in practice and suggest that users of the resilience concept face a choice between versions of the concept that are either ontologically or normatively charged.
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| 19. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Minskade utsläpp räcker inte för att rädda mångfalden
- 2019
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In: ETC. - 1652-8980.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Klimatfrågan har under senare år rotat sig in i svenskens medvetande. Om detta vittnar nyord som ”klimatångest” och ”flygskam”. Det är på tiden. Men klimatförändringarna är inte den enda kris vi nu står inför och måste konfrontera.
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| 22. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Resilience: Some Philosophical Remarks on Defining Ostensively and Stipulatively
- 2015
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In: Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy. - 1548-7733. ; 11:1, s. 64-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although contentious, the concept of resilience is common in sustainability research. Critique of the concept have often focused on the content of the concept. In this paper we focus on another feature of concepts, namely how they are defined. We distinguish between concepts that are ostensively defined, that aim to point to some phenomena, and stipulatively defined concepts, where the content of the concept is given in the definition itself. We argue that although definitions themselves are similar across many different disciplines where resilience is used?most notably psychology and ecology?they differ in how. This has interesting consequences for how different disciplines can be connected and integrated. Notably, integration on basis of ostensively defined concepts turn on sharing the extension (the phenomena itself) of the concept, but not necessarily the intension (the definition), whereas integration on basis of stipulatively defined concepts work in the opposite way.
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| 23. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Stepping stone or stumbling block? Mode 2 knowledge production in sustainability science
- 2016
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In: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C :Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8486. ; 56, s. 71-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. The concept of Mode 2 has often been seen as especially applicable to fields addressing grand challenges, such as climate change. Being a relatively new field-interdisciplinary in its approach, and focused on addressing such issues-sustainability science would appear to be a case in point. The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to explore the perceived relation between Mode 2 and sustainability science, and 2) to advance the discussion of Mode 2 from a philosophical perspective. To address these questions we focus on three characteristic features of Mode 2: the notion of a distinct, but evolving framework; boundary crossing; and a problem solving capacity "on the move". We report the results of a survey carried out amongst leading sustainability scientists. The survey gives insight into the scientists' perception of Mode 2, their perception of their own field of sustainability science and the relation between the two. The free text answers reveal a tension within the field of sustainability science: with developments both towards Mode 1 and Mode 2 science. We conclude that the implementation of inter- and trans-disciplinarity is challenged by institutional and conceptual factors alike.
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| 24. |
- Thorén, Henrik
(author)
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The Hammer and the Nail : Interdisciplinarity and Problem Solving in Sustainability Science
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This is a thesis about interdisciplinarity, scientific integration, and problem solving in sustainability science. Sustainability science is an emerging and highly interdisciplinary field that seeks to integrate vastly differentiated bodies of knowledge in addressing the challenge of transitioning contemporary societies towards sustainability. Interdisciplinarity is paramount. Interdisciplinarity in general, and in the context of sustainability science in particular, has often been associated with solving particular problems and problem solving is one important theme in this thesis. A central idea that is developed is that of problem-feeding. Sometimes problems arise within one discipline that can only be solved with the help of another. This concept, that has predecessors in e.g. the work of Lindley Darden and Nancy Maull, is explored considerably. It is argued that in interdisciplinary contexts—such as sustainability science—where collaboration is sought it is important to maintain cross-boundary problem stability. That is to say, as the problem is transferred from one discipline to another transformations will often be necessary. These transformations then, need to be acceptable to all involved parties to maintain an active interdisciplinary connection. Another topic that is discussed both in the introductory essay and some of the papers included is that of scientific imperialism. Scientific imperialism—the infringement of one discipline upon the domain of another—is here suggested to be primarily a threat to in-terdisciplinary collaborations. A distinction is introduced between imperialist failures of expansionism and failures of replacement. These are labelled type-I and type-II imperialism respectively. Particular attention is devoted to the latter form. Type-II imperialism concerns cases where imperialist infringements fail as the imperial- izing framework replaces viable, or compatible alternatives. Such an error of replacement does, importantly, not imply that the framework or theory should be disregarded completely. This type of imperialist error can both be quite subtle, and damaging. For one, if one directs the attention to specific contexts knowledge is actually lost in the process. This is particularly serious in fields such as sustainability science that are, to such an large extent, aimed at influencing concrete policy. Finally, interdisciplinarity is difficult to achieve and in many cases represents a grand challenge in itself. There are however many different ways in which interdisciplinarity may be accomplished and different forms are suitable in different contexts. In a field such as sustainability science where complexity is such a prevalent feature, an inclusive, pluralist, approach is likely to be appropriate.
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