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1.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (author)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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3.
  • Hyde, K. D., et al. (author)
  • Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa
  • 2023
  • In: MYCOSPHERE. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 14:1, s. 1960-2012
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others' work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
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5.
  • He, Nan, et al. (author)
  • High-Speed Duplex Free Space Optical Communication System Assisted by a Wide-Field-of-View Metalens
  • 2023
  • In: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 10:9, s. 3052-3059
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Free space optical communication (FSO) has gained significant attention due to the growing demand for a high information capacity. For FSO between multiple or moving targets, a receiver with a wide angle of acquisition capability is necessary. Traditionally, gimbals and fast steering mirrors have been used, but they are often difficult to make both compact and wide-angle. Here, a novel duplex FSO system is demonstrated, which utilizes a highly compact fiber coupling metalens to receive and transmit signals in a large field of view up to 80°. High coupling efficiency up to 48.8% at a wavelength of 1550 nm is experimentally achieved. The small coupling loss enables the user to modulate and direct the downstream power from the base station back along the same path, saving energy and leaving only one source in the FSO system. The low bit error rate and the open and clear eye diagram results validate the excellent downlink/uplink communication performance of a 10 Gbps FSO system empowered by the metalens. The system exhibits a large field of view, high data rate, compact size, and low power consumption, which meets the size, weight, and power requirement of smart devices.
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6.
  • He, Yafang, et al. (author)
  • Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 107:9, s. 2606-2615
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Context Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may optimize body composition, yet mechanisms underlining its benefits are not clear in humans. Objective We aimed to reveal the CLA-induced changes in the plasma metabolome associated with body composition improvement and the predictive performance of baseline metabolome on intervention responsiveness. Methods Plasma metabolome from overnight fasted samples at pre- and post-intervention of 65 participants in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (3.2 g/day CLA vs 3.2 g/day sunflower oil) were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Mixed linear model and machine learning were applied to assess differential metabolites between treatments, and to identify optimal panel (based on baseline conventional variables vs metabolites) predicting responders of CLA-derived body composition improvement (increased muscle variables or decreased adiposity variables) based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results Compared with placebo, CLA altered 57 metabolites (P
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7.
  • Tian, Jiahan, et al. (author)
  • Wide-field-of-view auto-coupling optical antenna system for high-speed bidirectional optical wireless communications in C band
  • 2023
  • In: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 31:20, s. 33435-33448
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Due to a great many superior features of infrared light communication (ILC), like high capacity and strong privacy, ILC is considered a potential candidate for serving the high demands of beyond fifth-generation/sixth-generation (B5G/6 G) communication systems. However, the terminal's limited field-of-view (FOV) induces great difficulty in establishing line-of-sight (LoS) link between the transceiver and the terminal. In this paper, we propose a wide-FOV auto-coupling optical antenna system that utilizes a wide-FOV telecentric lens to collect incident infrared beams and automatically couple them into a specific single-mode-fiber (SMF) channel of fiber array and optical switch. The performance of this optical antenna system is assessed through simulation and manual alignment operation, and validated by automatic alignment results. A coupling loss of less than 10.6 dB within a FOV of 100(degrees )for both downstream and upstream beams in C band is demonstrated by the designed system. Furthermore, we establish a bidirectional optical wireless communications (OWC) system employing this antenna and a fiber-type modulating retro-reflector (MRR) system in the terminal. Both 10-Gbps on-off keying (OOK) downstream and upstream transmissions are successfully realized with the FOV of up to 100(degrees) in C band where the measured bit-error-rate (BER) is lower than 3.8 x 10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is a brand-new auto-coupling optical antenna system with the largest FOV in ILC automatic alignment works in terminals that have ever been reported.
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8.
  • Tian, Jiahan, et al. (author)
  • Wide-Field-of-View Modulating Retro-Reflector System Based on a Telecentric Lens for High-Speed Free-Space Optical Communication
  • 2023
  • In: IEEE Photonics Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 15:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Modulating retro-reflector (MRR) free-space optical (FSO) communication technology presents a bright future for realizing the small size, weight, and power (SWaP) design of one end of the optical link, facilitating the further application of the FSO communication to the small platforms. However, the limited field-of-view (FOV) of MRR impedes its wide employment. In this article, a novel wide-FOV MRR using an image space telecentric lens is proposed and a bidirectional FSO communication system is experimentally demonstrated using this MRR with a single light source. The performance of the telecentric lens between the transceiver and terminal is assessed by simulation and also validated by experimental results, with a coupling loss less than 9.1 dB within a FOV of 110 degrees. Both 10-Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) downstream and upstream signals for free space communication at different incident angles are successfully realized using this designed wide-FOV MRR. The experimental results validate the proposed MRR has a FOV of up to 110 degrees where the measured bit error rate (BER) is lower than 3.8 x 10-3 for both downstream and upstream signals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest FOV ever reported for MRRs in high-speed bidirectional FSO communication systems.
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9.
  • Wu, Cary, et al. (author)
  • Chinese Citizen Satisfaction with Government Performance during COVID-19
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Contemporary China. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1067-0564 .- 1469-9400. ; 30:132, s. 930-944
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • While foreign pundits have alternatively blamed and praised the Chinese government’s handling of the COVID-19 virus, little is known about how citizens within China understand this performance. This article considers how satisfied Chinese citizens are with their government’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. It first considers the impact of authoritarian control, political culture, and/or actual government performance on citizen satisfaction. Then, it tests the consequences of satisfaction and specifically whether citizen satisfaction leads to greater trust. Analyzing data from the first post-COVID survey of its kind (n = 19,816) conducted from April 22 to 28 April 2020, the authors find that Chinese citizens have an overall high level of satisfaction, but that this satisfaction drops with each lower level of government. Further, authoritarian control, political culture, and awareness of government performance all contribute to citizen satisfaction and this in turn, has enhanced public support for the Chinese government.
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10.
  • Zhang, Yichen, et al. (author)
  • A GPU-based computational framework that bridges neuron simulation and artificial intelligence
  • 2023
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Biophysically detailed multi-compartment models are powerful tools to explore computational principles of the brain and also serve as a theoretical framework to generate algorithms for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the expensive computational cost severely limits the applications in both the neuroscience and AI fields. The major bottleneck during simulating detailed compartment models is the ability of a simulator to solve large systems of linear equations. Here, we present a novel Dendritic Hierarchical Scheduling (DHS) method to markedly accelerate such a process. We theoretically prove that the DHS implementation is computationally optimal and accurate. This GPU-based method performs with 2-3 orders of magnitude higher speed than that of the classic serial Hines method in the conventional CPU platform. We build a DeepDendrite framework, which integrates the DHS method and the GPU computing engine of the NEURON simulator and demonstrate applications of DeepDendrite in neuroscience tasks. We investigate how spatial patterns of spine inputs affect neuronal excitability in a detailed human pyramidal neuron model with 25,000 spines. Furthermore, we provide a brief discussion on the potential of DeepDendrite for AI, specifically highlighting its ability to enable the efficient training of biophysically detailed models in typical image classification tasks.
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11.
  • Chen, Jie, et al. (author)
  • Sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, and gastrointestinal diseases : evidence from mendelian randomization analysis
  • 2024
  • In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 103
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The causal associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the risk of gastrointestinal disease are unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to examine these associations.Methods: Genetic instruments associated with leisure screen time (LST, an indicator of a sedentary lifestyle) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at the genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10-8) level were selected from a genome-wide association study. Summary statistics for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank study, the FinnGen study, and large consortia. Multivariable MR analyses were conducted for genetically determined LST with adjustment for MVPA and vice versa. We also performed multivariable MR with adjustment for genetically proxied smoking, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, and fasting insulin for both exposures.Findings: Genetically proxied longer LST was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal reflux, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and acute appendicitis. Most associations remained after adjustment for genetic liability to MVPA. Genetic liability to MVPA was associated with decreased risk of gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute and chronic pancreatitis. The associations attenuated albeit directionally remained after adjusting for genetically predicted LST. Multivariable MR analysis found that BMI and type 2 diabetes mediated the associations of LST and MVPA with several gastrointestinal diseases.Interpretation: The study suggests that a sedentary lifestyle may play a causal role in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases.
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12.
  • Chen, Ruilin, et al. (author)
  • Experimental demonstration of real-time optical DFT-S DMT signal transmission for a blue-LED-based UWOC system using spatial diversity reception
  • 2023
  • In: Applied Optics. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 62:3, s. 541-551
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has broad prospects in underwater real-time applications. We design and experimentally demonstrate a real-time discrete Fourier transform spread discrete multi-tone (DFT-S DMT) signal transmission based on a field programmable gate array for a blue-LED-based UWOC system with a data rate of up to 30 Mbps over a 15-m underwater channel. The architecture and usage of an on-chip resource as well as power consumption are analyzed and discussed. To reduce the impacts of multipath fading and received intensity fluctuation, spatial diversity reception is also introduced. Furthermore, the receiver sensitivity at a speci-fied bit error rate (BER) threshold and the quality of the images are evaluated using three types of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. At the BER threshold of 10-4, over 2.8-dB receiver sensitivity improvement is obtained by the DFT-S DMT scheme with the RS (64, 56) code as compared to the uncoded one at the data rate of 30 Mbps. The perform-ance of BER, color difference, and structural similarity in the image transmission of DFT-S DMT is superior to that of the conventional hard clipping quadrature amplitude modulation DMT in a high-data-rate region because of the low peak-to-average-power ratio and ability to mitigate high-frequency fading in a band-limited UWOC system. With schemes of the RS code, DFT-S, and diversity reception, error-free transmission of images is achieved over a 15-m water channel. The proposed UWOC system has the advantages of low power consumption and porta-bility, which foresees a bright future in underwater applications over short to moderate distances.
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13.
  • Du, Hao, et al. (author)
  • Side reactions/changes in lithium-ion batteries : mechanisms and strategies for creating safer and better batteries
  • 2024
  • In: Advanced Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), in which lithium ions function as charge carriers, are considered the most competitive energy storage devices due to their high energy and power density. However, battery materials, especially with high capacity undergo side reactions and changes that result in capacity decay and safety issues. A deep understanding of the reactions that cause changes in the battery's internal components and the mechanisms of those reactions is needed to build safer and better batteries. This review focuses on the processes of battery failures, with voltage and temperature as the underlying factors. Voltage-induced failures result from anode interfacial reactions, current collector corrosion, cathode interfacial reactions, overcharge, and overdischarge, while temperature-induced failure mechanisms include SEI decomposition, separator damage, and interfacial reactions between electrodes and electrolytes. The review also presents protective strategies for controlling these reactions. As a result, the reader is offered a comprehensive overview of the safety features and failure mechanisms of various LIB components. 
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14.
  • Fei, Chao, et al. (author)
  • 100-m/3-Gbps underwater wireless optical transmission using a wideband photomultiplier tube (PMT)
  • 2022
  • In: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 30:2, s. 2326-2337
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this paper, a wideband photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed and a comprehensive experimental study of the proposed PMT-based UWOC system is conducted, in which the transmission distance, data rate, and attenuation length (AL) is pushed to 100.6 meters, 3 Gbps, and 6.62, respectively. The receiver sensitivity at 100.6-meter underwater transmission is as low as -40 dBm for the 1.5-Gbps on-off keying (00K) modulation signal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Gbps-class UWOC experimental demonstration in >100-meter transmission that has ever been reported. To further minimize the complexity of channel equalization, a sparsity-aware equalizer with orthogonal matching pursuit is adopted to reduce the number of the filter coefficients by more than 50% while keeping slight performance penalty. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed PMT-based LIWOC system in different turbidity waters is investigated, which shows the robustness of the proposed scheme. Thanks to the great sensitivity (approaching the quantum limit) and a relatively larger effective area, benefits of misalignment tolerance contributed by the PMT is verified through a proof-of-concept LIWOC experiment.
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15.
  • Fei, Chao, et al. (author)
  • Underwater wireless optical communication utilizing low-complexity sparse pruned-term-based nonlinear decision-feedback equalization
  • 2022
  • In: Applied Optics. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 61:22, s. 6534-6543
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The nonlinearity of the light-emitting diode (LED) in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems is considered the one major limiting factor that degrades the system's performance. Volterra series-based nonlinear equalization is widely employed to mitigate such nonlinearity in communication systems. However, the conventional Volterra series-based model is of high complexity, especially for the nonlinearity of higher-order terms or longer memory lengths. In this paper, by pruning away some negligible beating terms and adaptively picking out some of the dominant terms while discarding the trivial ones, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a sparse pruned-term-based nonlinear decision-feedback equalization (SPT-NDFE) scheme for the LED-based UWOC system with an inappreciable performance degradation as compared to systems without the pruning strategy. Meanwhile, by replacing the self/cross beating terms with the terms formed by the absolute operation of a sum of two input samples instead of the product operation terms, a sparse pruned-term-based absolute operation nonlinear decision-feedback equalization (SPT-ANDFE) scheme is also introduced to further reduce complexity. The experimental results show that the SPT-NDFE scheme exhibits comparable performance as compared to the conventional NDFE (nonlinear decision-feedback equalization) scheme with lower complexity (the nonlinear coefficients are reduced by 63.63% as compared to the conventional NDFE scheme). While the SPT-ANDFE scheme yields suboptimal performance with further reduced complexity at the expense of a slight performance degradation, the robustness of the proposed schemes in different turbidity waters is experimentally verified. The proposed channel equalization schemes with low complexity and high performance are promising for power/energy-sensitive UWOC systems.
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16.
  • Gao, X, et al. (author)
  • Longitudinal patient-reported outcomes 1 year after thoracoscopic segmentectomy versus lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer: a multicentre, prospective cohort study protocol
  • 2023
  • In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13:1, s. e067841-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Segmentectomy and lobectomy are the main surgical procedures for early-stage lung cancer. However, few studies have analysed patient-reported outcomes after segmentectomy versus lobectomy. This study aims to compare patient-reported outcomes—such as symptoms, daily functioning and quality of life—between thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer during the 1 year after surgery.Methods and analysisOverall, 788 newly diagnosed patients with early-stage lung cancer (tumour size ≤2 cm), who are scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic segmentectomy or lobectomy, will be recruited in this multicentre, prospective cohort study. The patients will receive standardised care after surgery. The Perioperative Symptom Assessment for Lung Surgery—a validated lung cancer surgery-specific scale—will be used to assess the symptoms and functions at baseline, at discharge and monthly after discharge for 1 year. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and Lung Cancer module 29 will be used to assess the patients’ quality of life at the same time points. The primary outcome will be the shortness of breath scores during the first year after thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy and will be compared using mixed-effects models. The secondary outcomes will include other symptoms, indicators of daily functioning, quality of life scores and traditional clinical outcomes. These will be compared using mixed-effects models and the Student’s t-test, non-parametric test or Χ2test. Propensity score matching will be used to ensure an even distribution of known confounders between the groups.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee for Medical Research and New Medical Technology of Sichuan Cancer Hospital approved this study (approval number: SCCHEC-02-2022-002). All participants will be instructed to provide informed consent. The manuscript is based on protocol version 3.0. The study results will be presented at medical conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200060753.
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17.
  • He, Haoran, et al. (author)
  • Deciphering microbiomes dozens of meters under our feet and their edaphoclimatic and spatial drivers
  • 2024
  • In: Global Change Biology. - 1354-1013. ; 30:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Microbes inhabiting deep soil layers are known to be different from their counterpart in topsoil yet remain under investigation in terms of their structure, function, and how their diversity is shaped. The microbiome of deep soils (>1 m) is expected to be relatively stable and highly independent from climatic conditions. Much less is known, however, on how these microbial communities vary along climate gradients. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate bacteria, archaea, and fungi along fifteen 18-m depth profiles at 20–50-cm intervals across contrasting aridity conditions in semi-arid forest ecosystems of China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that bacterial and fungal α diversity and bacterial and archaeal community similarity declined dramatically in topsoil and remained relatively stable in deep soil. Nevertheless, deep soil microbiome still showed the functional potential of N cycling, plant-derived organic matter degradation, resource exchange, and water coordination. The deep soil microbiome had closer taxa–taxa and bacteria–fungi associations and more influence of dispersal limitation than topsoil microbiome. Geographic distance was more influential in deep soil bacteria and archaea than in topsoil. We further showed that aridity was negatively correlated with deep-soil archaeal and fungal richness, archaeal community similarity, relative abundance of plant saprotroph, and bacteria–fungi associations, but increased the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation, manganese oxidation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal in the deep soils. Root depth, complexity, soil volumetric moisture, and clay play bridging roles in the indirect effects of aridity on microbes in deep soils. Our work indicates that, even microbial communities and nutrient cycling in deep soil are susceptible to changes in water availability, with consequences for understanding the sustainability of dryland ecosystems and the whole-soil in response to aridification. Moreover, we propose that neglecting soil depth may underestimate the role of soil moisture in dryland ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
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18.
  • He, Song, et al. (author)
  • Kinematic numerators from the worldsheet : cubic trees from labelled trees
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Nature. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this note we revisit the problem of explicitly computing tree-level scattering amplitudes in various theories in any dimension from worldsheet formulas. The latter are known to produce cubic-tree expansion of tree amplitudes with kinematic numerators automatically satisfying Jacobi-identities, once any half-integrand on the worldsheet is reduced to logarithmic functions. We review a natural class of worldsheet functions called "Cayley functions", which are in one-to-one correspondence with labelled trees, and natural expansions of known half-integrands onto them with coefficients that are particularly compact building blocks of kinematic numerators. We present a general formula expressing kinematic numerators of all cubic trees as linear combinations of coefficients of labelled trees, which satisfy Jacobi identities by construction and include the usual combinations in terms of master numerators as a special case. Our results provide an efficient algorithm, which is implemented in a MATHEMATICA package, for computing all tree amplitudes in theories including non-linear sigma model, special Galileon, Yang-Mills-scalar, Einstein-Yang-Mills and Dirac-Born-Infeld.
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19.
  • Hong, Xiaojian, et al. (author)
  • Experimental Demonstration of 55-m/2-Gbps Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using SiPM Diversity Reception and Nonlinear Decision-Feedback Equalizer
  • 2022
  • In: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 10, s. 47814-47823
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is considered as an enabling technology with a mass of potential applications. The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) exhibits a bright prospect for UWOC thanks to the traits of low-light detection capability, low-voltage operation, and superior operability. However, the performance of the SiPM-based UWOC system is severely degraded by the dead-time caused nonlinear response. In this paper, to mitigate the dead-time induced nonlinear distortion and explore the achievable capacity of the newly developed SiPM, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 55-m / 2-Gbps UWOC system by virtue of SiPM diversity reception and nonlinear decision-feedback equalizer (NDFE). The performance of NDFE is superior to that of the conventional decision-feedback equalizer (DEE), and NDFE with a pruning factor of 5 declares similar performance as that without pruning strategy, while the number of the nonlinear equalizer can be reduced by similar to 31.8%. Significant performance improvement is also obtained by the proposed scheme under different turbidity waters. The measured data rate is pushed from 1 Gbps to 2 Gbps with a receiver sensitivity as low as -41.96 dBm, which to the best of our knowledge is the largest data rate ever achieved using the off-the-shelf SiPM among the reported UWOC works. In accordance with the receiver sensitivity and the model of optical propagation in the water channel, the maximum attainable distance/data rate is predicted to be 147 m/ 1 Gbps and 128 m/2 Gbps with the proposed scheme. The research results are promising for long-reach and high-speed UWOC.
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20.
  • Jiang, Bing-Xin, et al. (author)
  • Fabrication and bonding of In bumps on Micro-LED with 8 μ m pixel pitch
  • 2024
  • In: ENGINEERING RESEARCH EXPRESS. - 2631-8695. ; 6:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Indium (In) is currently used to fabricate metal bumps on micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) chips due to its excellent physical properties. However, as Micro-LED pixel size and pitch decrease, achieving high-quality In bumps on densely packed Micro-LED chips often presents more challenges. This paper describes the process of fabricating In bumps on micro-LEDs using thermal evaporation, highlighting an issue where In tends to grow laterally within the photoresist pattern, ultimately blocking the pattern and resulting in undersized and poorly dense In bumps on the Micro-LED chip. To address this issue, we conducted numerous experiments to study the height variation of In bumps within a range of photoresist aperture sizes (3 mu m -7 mu m) under two different resist thickness conditions (3.8 mu m and 4.8 mu m). The results showed that the resist thickness had a certain effect on the height of In bumps on the Micro-LED chip electrodes. Moreover, we found that, with the photoresist pattern size increasing under constant resist thickness conditions, the height and quality of the bumps significantly improved. Based on this finding, we rationalized the adjustment of the photoresist pattern size within a limited emission platform range to compensate for the height difference of In bumps caused by different resist thicknesses between the cathode and anode regions. Consequently, well-shaped and dense In bumps with a maximum height of up to 4.4 mu m were fabricated on 8 mu m pitch Micro-LED chips. Afterwards, we bonded the Micro-LED chip with indium bumps to the CMOS chip, and we found that we could successfully control the CMOS chip to drive the Micro-LED chip to display specific characters through the Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC). This work is of significant importance for the fabrication of In bumps on Micro-LED chips with pitches below 10 mu m and subsequent bonding processes.
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21.
  • Lee, Chunsik, et al. (author)
  • VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway
  • 2023
  • In: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 2095-9907 .- 2059-3635. ; 8:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Although VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms. Using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methods and models, we reveal here for the first time an unexpected and surprising function of VEGF-B as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway when the latter is abundantly expressed. Mechanistically, we unveil that VEGF-B binds to FGFR1, induces FGFR1/VEGFR1 complex formation, and suppresses FGF2-induced Erk activation, and inhibits FGF2-driven angiogenesis and tumor growth. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized novel function of VEGF-B in tethering the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Given the anti-angiogenic nature of VEGF-B under conditions of high FGF2/FGFR1 levels, caution is warranted when modulating VEGF-B activity to treat neovascular diseases.
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22.
  • Li, Xinyu, et al. (author)
  • Biodegradable MOFilters for Effective Air Filtration and Sterilization by Coupling MOF Functionalization and Mechanical Polarization of Fibrous Poly(lactic acid)
  • 2023
  • In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:22, s. 26812-26823
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • High-performance air filtration materials are importantfor addressingthe airborne pollutants. Herein, we propose an unprecedented accessto biodegradable poly-(lactic acid) (PLA)-based MOFilters with excellentfiltering performance and antibacterial activity. The fabricationinvolved a stepwise in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) crystals at the surface of microfibrous PLA membranes, followedby mechanical polarization under high pressure and low temperature(5 MPa, 40 degrees C) to trigger the ordered alignment of dipoles inPLA chains and ZIF-8. The unique structural features allowed thesePLA-based MOFilters to achieve an exceptional combination of excellenttensile properties, high dielectric constant (up to 2.4 F/m), andenhanced surface potential as high as 4 kV. Arising from the remarkablesurface activity and electrostatic adsorption effect, a significantincrease (from over 12% to nearly 20%) in PM0.3 filtrationefficiency was observed for the PLA-based MOFilters compared to thatof pure PLA counterparts, with weak relation to the airflow velocities(10-85 L/min). Moreover, the air resistance was controlledat a considerably low level for all the MOFilters, that is, below183 Pa even at 85 L/min. It is worth noting that distinct antibacterialproperties were achieved for the MOFilters, as illustrated by theinhibitive rates of 87 and 100% against Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The proposed concept of PLA-based MOFilters offersunprecedented multifunction integration, which may fuel the developmentof biodegradable versatile filters with high capturing and antibacterialperformances yet desirable manufacturing feasibility.
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23.
  • Li, Yucheng, et al. (author)
  • Facile synthesis of a high-efficiency NiFe bimetallic catalyst without pre-reduction for the selective hydrogenation reaction of furfural
  • 2022
  • In: Catalysis Science & Technology. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761. ; 13:2, s. 457-467
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A high-efficiency nickel-iron bimetallic catalyst (Ni3Fe1 alloy) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction and directly used in furfural hydrogenation without pre-reduction. When the total metal acetate was 6 mmol (Ni : Fe = 4 : 2) with 2 mmol sodium acetate under reaction conditions of 1 MPa H2 pressure at 130 °C for 1 h, the conversion for furfural and selectivity for furfuryl alcohol were both more than 98%. XRD, BET, H2-TPD, SEM, HRTEM, EDS, ICP-MS and ex/in situ XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. Compared to the monometallic Ni catalyst, the introduction of Fe not only enhanced the hydrogen adsorption capacity of Ni but also forms NiFe2O4 on the surface of the catalyst to protect the internal crystals from further oxidation and maintain hydrogenation ability. Moreover, the introduction of Na increased the purity of the Ni3Fe1 crystal of the catalyst and reinforced the interaction between Ni and Fe, resulting in an improvement in hydrogenation performance. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the reaction mechanism was systematically investigated. The results of five recycling tests show excellent catalyst stability. The environmentally friendly synthetic process, high stability, catalytic efficiency and the ability to function without a pre-reduction step make the nickel-iron bimetallic catalyst an ideal, commercial candidate for the furfural hydrogenation reaction.
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24.
  • Lin, Zijian, et al. (author)
  • Low-cost, high-speed multispectral imager via spatiotemporal modulation based on a color camera
  • 2023
  • In: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 31:25, s. 42613-42623
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Spectral imaging is a powerful tool in industrial processes, medical imaging, and fundamental scientific research. However, for the commonly used spatial/spectral-scanning spectral imager, the slow response time has posed a big challenge for its employment in dynamic scenes. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal modulation concept and build a simple, low-cost spectral imager by combining a liquid crystal (LC) cell with a commercial color camera. By the synergic effect of temporal modulation of the LC materials and spatial modulation of the Bayer filter in a color camera, high-quality multispectral imaging is successfully demonstrated with a high rate of 8 Hz, far beyond the counterparts. Experimental results show that even with three tuning states of the LC material, optical signals with a 10-nm band can be resolved in the range between 410 and 700 nm by this method, overcoming the tradeoff between spectral resolution and time resolution. As a proof of demonstration, we present its potential usage for metamerism recognition, showing superiority over traditional color cameras with more spectral details. Considering its low cost, miniaturization and monolithic-integration ability on color sensors, this simple approach may bring the spectral imaging technology closer to the consumer market and even to ubiquitous smartphones for health care, food inspection and other applications.
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25.
  • Qiu, Xia, et al. (author)
  • Individual participant data meta-analysis to compare EPDS accuracy to detect major depression with and without the self-harm item
  • 2023
  • In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Item 10 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is intended to assess thoughts of intentional self-harm but may also elicit concerns about accidental self-harm. It does not specifically address suicide ideation but, nonetheless, is sometimes used as an indicator of suicidality. The 9-item version of the EPDS (EPDS-9), which omits item 10, is sometimes used in research due to concern about positive endorsements of item 10 and necessary follow-up. We assessed the equivalence of total score correlations and screening accuracy to detect major depression using the EPDS-9 versus full EPDS among pregnant and postpartum women. We searched Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from database inception to October 3, 2018 for studies that administered the EPDS and conducted diagnostic classification for major depression based on a validated semi-structured or fully structured interview among women aged 18 or older during pregnancy or within 12 months of giving birth. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis. We calculated Pearson correlations with 95% prediction interval (PI) between EPDS-9 and full EPDS total scores using a random effects model. Bivariate random-effects models were fitted to assess screening accuracy. Equivalence tests were done by comparing the confidence intervals (CIs) around the pooled sensitivity and specificity differences to the equivalence margin of delta = 0.05. Individual participant data were obtained from 41 eligible studies (10,906 participants, 1407 major depression cases). The correlation between EPDS-9 and full EPDS scores was 0.998 (95% PI 0.991, 0.999). For sensitivity, the EPDS-9 and full EPDS were equivalent for cut-offs 7-12 (difference range - 0.02, 0.01) and the equivalence was indeterminate for cut-offs 13-15 (all differences - 0.04). For specificity, the EPDS-9 and full EPDS were equivalent for all cut-offs (difference range 0.00, 0.01). The EPDS-9 performs similarly to the full EPDS and can be used when there are concerns about the implications of administering EPDS item 10.
  •  
26.
  • Ramani-Chander, Anusha, et al. (author)
  • Applying systems thinking to identify enablers and challenges to scale-up interventions for hypertension and diabetes in low-income and middle-income countries : protocol for a longitudinal mixed-methods study
  • 2022
  • In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction: There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, where the greatest burden lies. Yet, there is little research concerning the specific issues involved in scaling up NCD interventions targeting low-resource settings. We propose to examine this gap in up to 27 collaborative projects, which were funded by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) 2019 Scale Up Call, reflecting a total funding investment of approximately US$50 million. These projects represent diverse countries, contexts and adopt varied approaches and study designs to scale-up complex, evidence-based interventions to improve hypertension and diabetes outcomes. A systematic inquiry of these projects will provide necessary scientific insights into the enablers and challenges in the scale up of complex NCD interventions.Methods and analysis: We will apply systems thinking (a holistic approach to analyse the inter-relationship between constituent parts of scaleup interventions and the context in which the interventions are implemented) and adopt a longitudinal mixed-methods study design to explore the planning and early implementation phases of scale up projects. Data will be gathered at three time periods, namely, at planning (T-P), initiation of implementation (T-0) and 1-year postinitiation (T-1). We will extract project-related data from secondary documents at T-P and conduct multistakeholder qualitative interviews to gather data at T-0 and T-1. We will undertake descriptive statistical analysis of T-P data and analyse T-0 and T-1 data using inductive thematic coding. The data extraction tool and interview guides were developed based on a literature review of scale-up frameworks.Ethics and dissemination: The current protocol was approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC number 23482). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and more broadly through the GACD network.
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27.
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28.
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29.
  • Shiwei, Tian, et al. (author)
  • Effect of Mo Element on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAl Alloys
  • 2022
  • In: Xiyou jinshu cailiao yu gongcheng. - : NORTHWEST INST NONFERROUS METAL RESEARCH. - 1002-185X. ; 51:7, s. 2336-2343
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Four TiAl alloys with different Mo contents were designed, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of these MoTiAl alloys were studied by scanning electron microscope, nanoindentation, and hot compression simulation methods. Results show that with increasing the Mo content, the content of. phase is gradually decreased, while that of beta phase is gradually increased. The Mo element mainly exists in the form of beta phase in the TiAl alloy. During the hot isostatic pressing process, the Mo element is diffused from the. and a 2 phases to the beta phase. The nanoindentation hardness of Mo-TiAl alloy reaches the maximum when the Mo content is 1.59at%, and it is negatively correlated with the interlamellar space. As the content of Mo element increases, the flow stress of Mo-TiAl alloys decreases, and the TiAl alloys with 2.11at% and 3.94at% Mo addtion have poor plasticity due to the Al element segregation.
  •  
30.
  • Shiwei, Tian, et al. (author)
  • Oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy improved by hot-pack rolling and cyclic heat treatment
  • 2021
  • In: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 178
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The isothermal oxidation behavior of two TiAl alloys (as-HIP and as-RHT) were compared to explain the effect of microstructure on the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy. After hot-pack rolling and cyclic heat treatment, the size of lamellar colonies was refined from 35.4 mu m to 21.5 mu m, and the beta/B2 phase was effectively removed. It is concluded that the as-RHT TiAl alloy has better oxidation resistance than the as-HIP TiAl alloy. The main reason is due to refinement of lamellar colony size, elimination of beta/B2 phase, uniform distribution of Nb and Mo, and the crushing of Y compounds.
  •  
31.
  • Tian, Q., et al. (author)
  • Super-Large-Scale Hierarchically Porous Films Based on Self-Assembled Eye-Like Air Pores for High-Performance Daytime Radiative Cooling
  • 2022
  • In: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:51, s. 2205091-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Metal-free polymer daytime radiative cooling coatings with hierarchical eye-like air pores are proposed and fabricated with a super-large-scale film-stretching method. The hierarchically porous film (HPF) can be further coated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro-hemispheres, forming coated HPF (cHPF), which do not dramatically change the optical or thermal properties. The cHPF is slightly better with a lower solar absorptivity (2.4%) and a higher thermal emissivity over the atmospheric transparency window (90.1%). The low solar absorptivity is due to the strong scattering of the hierarchical eye-like air pores, while the molecular vibrations and the focusing effect of the PMMA micro-hemispheres contribute to the high emissivity. An average mid-day temperature reduction of 7.92 °C is achieved relative to the air temperature, and the average cooling power reaches 116.0 W m−2, which are much better than the cooling performances of the commercial cooling cushion. During the day, the cHPF-covered simulated building is up to 6.47 and 4.84 °C cooler than the ambient and the white painted counterpart, respectively. The film is durable and resistant to chemical etching, and very promising to use globally, especially in warm and tropical regions. 
  •  
32.
  • Tian, Ruifeng, et al. (author)
  • Pressure-promoted highly-ordered Fe-doped-Ni2B for effective oxygen evolution reaction and overall water splitting
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 9:10, s. 6469-6475
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Accurate doping at special atomic sites can achieve effective control of active centers for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), leading to the synthesis of active intermediates with higher conversion efficiency. Here we report the successful doping of Ni2B with Fe/Co to form highly ordered FeNiB and CoNiB electrocatalysts with a tetragonal Ni2B structure. A highly crystalline FeNiB electrode is found to have a very low polarization overpotential of 257 mV for the OER and a water splitting potential of 1.54 V at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2). XRD refinement, XPS and XAFS characterization found that doping with iron leads to the weakening of the bond strength of TM-B, which facilitates the adsorption of oxygen. During the OER process, the increasing dissolution of boron oxides promotes the effective exposure of metal active centers and boosts the catalytic performance. Theoretical calculations reveal that the substitution of Fe atoms in Ni2B make its DOS near the Fermi level higher by 2.78 times compared to that of the original Ni2B, which helps to increase the electronic conductivity and the catalytic performance.
  •  
33.
  • Tian, S., et al. (author)
  • Investigation of the Thermal Shock Behavior of Mo-Containing TiAl Alloys
  • 2022
  • In: Advanced Engineering Materials. - : Wiley. - 1438-1656 .- 1527-2648. ; 24:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • TiAl alloys undergo cyclic temperature changes during use, the process of which can be simulated by the thermal shock test. A systematic investigation of the thermal shock behavior of four Mo-containing TiAl alloys is conducted. The increase in Mo content from 1.0% to 4.0% causes the gradual decrease in the volume fraction of γ/α2 lamellar colony, while the volume fraction of equiaxed γ and βo phases gradually increases. At the same time, the thermal shock resistance of the TiAl alloys decreases as the Mo content increases. After thermal shock, cracks often occur within the lamellae and extend in a zigzag manner for TiAl−1.0Mo and TiAl−1.5Mo alloys. Their thermal shock resistance is enhanced by crack deflection, bridging, and microcrack shielding. For TiAl−2.0Mo and TiAl−4.0Mo alloys, cracks occur at the grain boundaries or within the γ phase and extend straight, with the result that these two alloys have worse thermal shock resistance than the other two alloys due to the limited effect of microcrack shielding. In addition, the microstructure stability of TiAl alloys after thermal shock is discussed, and there is a critical value of Mo content between 3.13% and 5.67%, which inhibits the βo → ω phase transition.
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34.
  • Tian, Shiwei, et al. (author)
  • Investigation on the microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms of TiAl alloy at elevated temperature
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854. ; 14, s. 968-984
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The flow stress–strain curves appear to be sensitive to deformation conditions. The ratio of critical strain to peak strain εc/εp follows a linear relationship except when the temperature is 1240 °C and the strain rate is 0.001 s−1. During the deformation, the fragmentation and decomposition of γ/α2 lamellae are related to recrystallization of α2 and γ laths in the lamellae and the γ → α2 phase transformation, the former depends on dislocation slip and twinning, and the latter is related to temperature, local stress concentration and diffusion time. As for the recrystallization mechanisms, the γ phase is discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) mode, while the α2 phase relies on continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) mode. The β phase has more low-angle grain boundaries (LAGB) during deformation, indicating the continuous coordinated deformation, and this explains the enlarged hot working window of the TiAl alloy (1165–1240 °C/0.001 ~ 1 s−1 and 1120–1165 °C/0.001–0.4 s−1).
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35.
  • Tian, Xu, et al. (author)
  • Moral resilience in registered nurses: Cultural adaption and validation study
  • 2023
  • In: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundHealthcare professionals, especially professional nurses, experience various types of moral suffering due to inevitable ethical conflicts. Moral resilience is recently proposed as a resource to address moral suffering. However, there is no tool to measure moral resilience in Chinese professional nurses.AimThis study aimed to translate the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (RMRS) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of RMRS (Chi-RMRS).Research designA methodological and descriptive research design.Participants and research contextA convenience sample of 411 Chinese professional nurses was recruited through an online survey platform between February and March 2023.Ethical considerationsThis study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the University and hospitals involved.ResultsThe RMRS was translated and culturally adapted into a Chinese version. Neither floor nor ceiling effects were observed. The scale-level content validity index (CVI) was 0.922 with the item-level CVIs ranging from 0.833 to 1.000. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) generated a three-factor structure for the Chi-RMRS, and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated the three-factor structure with factor loadings for each item ranging from 0.42 to 0.80. The scale-level Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.811 with each dimension ranging from 0.717 to 0.821, and composite reliability (CR) coefficient for the overall scale was 0.920, with each dimension varying from 0.739 to 0.824. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) were 3.522 and 9.763, respectively.DiscussionThe Chi-RMRS is able to measure moral resilience of Chinese professional nurses, and has good validity and reliability. It can be used in research and practice to determine the level of moral resilience, thus helping nursing managers to monitor the status of Chinese professional nurses, then develop interventions to maintain the well-being of professional nurses and to ensure quality of care. 
  •  
36.
  • Wang, Hao-Tian, et al. (author)
  • Insights into the missing apiosylation step in flavonoid apiosides biosynthesis of Leguminosae plants
  • 2023
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Apiose is a natural pentose containing an unusual branched-chain structure. Apiosides are bioactive natural products widely present in the plant kingdom. However, little is known on the key apiosylation reaction in the biosynthetic pathways of apiosides. In this work, we discover an apiosyltransferase GuApiGT from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. GuApiGT could efficiently catalyze 2″-O-apiosylation of flavonoid glycosides, and exhibits strict selectivity towards UDP-apiose. We further solve the crystal structure of GuApiGT, determine a key sugar-binding motif (RLGSDH) through structural analysis and theoretical calculations, and obtain mutants with altered sugar selectivity through protein engineering. Moreover, we discover 121 candidate apiosyltransferase genes from Leguminosae plants, and identify the functions of 4 enzymes. Finally, we introduce GuApiGT and its upstream genes into Nicotiana benthamiana, and complete de novo biosynthesis of a series of flavonoid apiosides. This work reports an efficient phenolic apiosyltransferase, and reveals mechanisms for its sugar donor selectivity.
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37.
  • Wang, Na, et al. (author)
  • Label-free analysis of the β-hydroxybutyricacid drug on mitochondrial redox states repairment in type 2 diabetic mice by resonance raman scattering
  • 2024
  • In: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 172
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Mitochondrial redox imbalance underlies the pathophysiology of type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is closely related to tissue damage and dysfunction. Studies have shown the beneficial effects of dietary strategies that elevate β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels in alleviating T2DM. Nevertheless, the role of BHB has not been clearly elucidated. Methods: We performed a spectral study to visualize the preventive effects of BHB on blood and multiorgan mitochondrial redox imbalance in T2DM mice via using label-free resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), and further explored the impact of BHB therapy on the pathology of T2DM mice by histological and biochemical analyses. Findings: Our data revealed that RRS-based mitochondrial redox states assay enabled clear and reliable identification of the improvement of mitochondrial redox imbalance by BHB, evidenced by the reduction of Raman peak intensity at 750 cm−1, 1128 cm−1 and 1585 cm−1 in blood, tissue as well as purified mitochondria of db/db mice and the increase of tissue mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) staining after BHB treatment. Exogenous supplementation of BHB was also found to attenuate T2DM pathology related to mitochondrial redox states, involving organ injury, blood glucose control, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Interpretation: Our findings provide strong evidence for BHB as a potential therapeutic strategy targeting mitochondria for T2DM.
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38.
  • Wang, Ruifu, et al. (author)
  • Solvent-Dependent Dynamics of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Process-Relevant Flow Fields
  • 2024
  • In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 40:25, s. 13319-13329
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Flow-assisted alignment of anisotropic nanoparticles is a promising route for the bottom-up assembly of advanced materials with tunable properties. While aligning processes could be optimized by controlling factors such as solvent viscosity, flow deformation, and the structure of the particles themselves, it is necessary to understand the relationship between these factors and their effect on the final orientation. In this study, we investigated the flow of surface-charged cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with the shape of a rigid rod dispersed in water and propylene glycol (PG) in an isotropic tactoid state. In situ scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheo-optical flow-stop experiments were used to quantify the dynamics, orientation, and structure of the assigned system at the nanometer scale. The effects of both shear and extensional flow fields were revealed in a single experiment by using a flow-focusing channel geometry, which was used as a model flow for nanomaterial assembly. Due to the higher solvent viscosity, CNCs in PG showed much slower Brownian dynamics than CNCs in water and thus could be aligned at lower deformation rates. Moreover, CNCs in PG also formed a characteristic tactoid structure but with less ordering than CNCs in water owing to weaker electrostatic interactions. The results indicate that CNCs in water stay assembled in the mesoscale structure at moderate deformation rates but are broken up at higher flow rates, enhancing rotary diffusion and leading to lower overall alignment. Albeit being a study of cellulose nanoparticles, the fundamental interplay between imposed flow fields, Brownian motion, and electrostatic interactions likely apply to many other anisotropic colloidal systems.
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39.
  • Wang, R., et al. (author)
  • Unexpected Gelation Behavior of Cellulose Nanofibers Dispersed in Glycols
  • 2022
  • In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society. - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 55:21, s. 9527-9536
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this study, the gelation behavior of TEMPO-oxidized wood-based cellulose nanofiber (CNF) suspensions in two different glycols, ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG), was investigated near the overlap concentration and compared with that of aqueous CNF suspensions. The flow property of these non-aqueous and aqueous CNF suspensions was characterized by rheological, UV-vis, and rheo-optical techniques. It was found that the CNF(PG) suspensions exhibited stirring-reversible gelation behavior, where gelation could be induced simply by resting (i.e., prolonged holding time). However, this behavior was not observed for CNF(EG) and CNF(aq) suspensions. Higher temperature and higher CNF concentration could accelerate the gelation process of CNFs in PG, but no large-scale phase separation was detected by the optical techniques. Our study suggests that the reduced hydrophilic attraction between CNFs in PG is the main driving force for forming CNF-rich micro-domains, yielding a physically crosslinked network. This study suggests that the choice of solvent can be used to tailor and control the flow behavior of CNF suspensions, leading to designs of new cellulose-enabled nanocomposites for varying applications. 
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40.
  • Wang, Wen‐Bo, et al. (author)
  • Chromosome‐scale genome assembly and insights into the metabolome and gene regulation of leaf color transition in an important oak species, Quercus dentata
  • 2023
  • In: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 238:5, s. 2016-2032
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Quercus dentata Thunb., a dominant forest tree species in northern China, has significant ecological and ornamental value due to its adaptability and beautiful autumn coloration, with color changes from green to yellow into red resulting from the autumnal shifts in leaf pigmentation. However, the key genes and molecular regulatory mechanisms for leaf color transition remain to be investigated.First, we presented a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly for Q. dentata. This 893.54 Mb sized genome (contig N50 = 4.21 Mb, scaffold N50 = 75.55 Mb; 2n = 24) harbors 31 584 protein-coding genes. Second, our metabolome analyses uncovered pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the main pigments involved in leaf color transition. Third, gene co-expression further identified the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcription activation complex as central to anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation.Notably, transcription factor (TF) QdNAC (QD08G038820) was highly co-expressed with this MBW complex and may regulate anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence through direct interaction with another TF, QdMYB (QD01G020890), as revealed by our further protein–protein and DNA–protein interaction assays.Our high-quality genome assembly, metabolome, and transcriptome resources further enrich Quercus genomics and will facilitate upcoming exploration of ornamental values and environmental adaptability in this important genus.
  •  
41.
  • Wang, Yuan, et al. (author)
  • Half-spectrum OFDM to quadruple the spectral efficiency of underwater wireless optical communication with digital power division multiplexing
  • 2024
  • In: Applied Optics. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 63:9, s. 2352-2361
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Improving the spectrum efficiency (SE) is an effective method to further enhance the data rate of bandwidthmultiplexing (NOFDM) with a compression factor of 0.5 can save half of the bandwidth without introducing any inter-carrier-interference (ICI) only if the total number of subcarriers is large enough, and we termed it as half-spectrum OFDM (HS-OFDM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported work on a closed-form HS-OFDM signal in the discrete domain from the perspective of a correlation matrix. Due to the special mathematical property, no extra complex decoding algorithm is required at the HS-OFDM receiver, making it as simple as the conventional OFDM receiver. Compared with traditional OFDM, HS-OFDM can realize the same data rate, but with a larger signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin. To fully use the SNR resource of the communication system, we further propose a digital power division multiplexed HS-OFDM (DPDM-HS-OFDM) scheme to quadruple the SE of conventional OFDM for the bandwidth-starved UWOCs. The experimental results show that HS-OFDM can improve the receiver sensitivity by around 4 dB as opposed to conventional 4QAM-OFDM with the same data rate and SE. With the help of the DPDM-HS-OFDM scheme, the data rate of multi-user UWOC can reach up to 4.5 Gbps under the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) limit of a bit error rate (BER) of 3.8 x 10-3. Although there is some performance degradation in comparison with single-user HS-OFDM, the BER performance of multi-user DPDM-HS-OFDM is still superior to that of conventional single-user 4QAM-OFDM. Both single-user HS-OFDM and multi-user DPDM-HS-OFDM successfully achieve 2 Gbps/75 m data transmission, indicating that the DPDM-HS-OFDM scheme is of great importance in bandwidth-limited UWOC systems and has guiding significance to underwater wireless optical multiple access.
  •  
42.
  • Wang, Yuan, et al. (author)
  • Spectrally Efficient Non-Orthogonal Discrete Multi-Tone Transmission for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication With Low-Complexity High Performance ICI Mitigation
  • 2023
  • In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 41:19, s. 6288-6299
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this article, a novel spectrally efficient non-orthogonal discrete multi-tone (NODMT) system is proposed for the bandwidth-starved underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) to compensate for the insufficient bandwidth of components. Different from other non-orthogonal systems with complex-valued correlation matrices, the designed NODMT system has a real-valued correlation matrix, which is significant in reducing the complexity of decoders, e.g., the complexity of the proposed NODMT with iterative detection (ID) algorithm can be reduced by 50% as compared to the conventional non-orthogonal system with ID. However, in circumstances of higher spectrum efficiency (SE), the non-orthogonality is intensified and inter-carrier interference (ICI) becomes severer, leading to the sharp deterioration of ID decoding capability. The traditional sphere decoding (SD) algorithm cannot solve this issue because Cholesky decomposition only works with the positive definite matrix. Therefore, we propose a novel SD algorithm based on QR decomposition, named QRSD, which effectively compensates for the insufficient decoding capability of the ID algorithm in the case of higher SE. By combining ID and QRSD methods, over 40% complexity reduction and nearly identical BER performance with QRSD are achieved. Through a proof-of-concept UWOC experiment, a 3.31-Gbps NODMT transmission with up to 24.44% data rate promotion is demonstrated, and the feasibility/effectiveness of the proposed ID-QRSD algorithm in different turbidity water is verified. Moreover, we have experimentally realized 75-m/2.66-Gbps and 60-m/3.02-Gbps underwater transmission with 15% and 25% bandwidth savings, respectively. This UWOC system with high SE shows great potential in the bandwidth-limited UWOC and underwater internet of things (UIoT).
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43.
  • Wang, Yuan, et al. (author)
  • Three Gossiping Protocols in Three-Dimensional Underwater Optical Cellular Network
  • 2023
  • In: 2023 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference/2023 International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings, ACP/POEM 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this paper, three different low-complexity sector-based Gossiping routing protocols, namely Gossiping with probabilistic selection (Gossiping-PS), Gossiping with visibility priority (Gossiping-VP), and Gossiping with energy priority (Gossiping-EP), are evaluated through the three-dimensional underwater optical cellular network (UOCN). Comprehensive performance comparisons are made among the above three routing protocols in terms of the average hop, end-to-end delay, network lifetime, packet-loss rate, and energy utilization. Numerical analysis shows that Gossiping-PS significantly outperforms the other two schemes, while Gossiping-Vpand Gossiping-EP behave even worse than the standard Gossiping routing protocol under some circumstances, which is owing to the fact that the Greedy algorithm makes the best choice for the current moment instead of taking the global optimality into consideration.
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44.
  • Wrede, Sina, et al. (author)
  • Electron-hopping across dye-sensitized mesoporous NiO surfaces
  • 2022
  • In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 24:48, s. 29850-29861
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To gain a deeper understanding of the underlying charge processes in dye sensitized photocathodes, lateral electron hopping across dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes was investigated. For dye-sensitized systems, hole hopping across photoanodes has been studied extensively in the literature but no expansive studies on electron hopping in sensitized photocathodes exist today. Therefore, an organic p-type dye (TIP) with donor-linker-acceptor design, showing high stability and electrochemical reversibility, was used to study the electron transfer dynamics (electron-hopping) between dyes with temperature dependent spectroelectrochemistry and computational simulations. Besides intermolecular electron-hopping across the surface with a rate constant in the order of 10(5) s(-1), our results show a second electron hopping pathway between NiO surface states with a rate constant in the order of 10(7) s(-1), which precedes the electron hopping between the dyes. Upon application of a potential step negative enough to reduce both the dye and NiO surface states, the majority of NiO surface states need to be reduced before intermolecular electron transfer can take place. The results indicate that, in contrast to sensitized photoanodes where intermolecular charge transfer is known to influence recombination kinetics, intermolecular charge transport processes in TIP dye sensitized NiO photocathodes is less relevant because the fast electron transport between NiO surface states likely dominates recombination kinetics.
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45.
  • Xin, Tongzheng, et al. (author)
  • Phase transformations in an ultralight BCC Mg alloy during anisothermal ageing
  • 2022
  • In: Acta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 239
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mg-Li-Al alloys with a body-centred cubic (BCC) structure can exhibit exceptional specific strengths in combination with excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. In general, the strength of these alloys is very sensitive to the processing temperature due to the occurrence of various phase transformations. Although different phases have been identified in these alloys, their corresponding transformation mechanisms and unique role played in controlling the mechanical properties have never been studied in depth. In this work, we identified the phase transformation sequence by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Moreover, we investigated the evolution of precipitation and their morphology using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with simulations based on the phase field modelling and first-principles calculations. Phase transformation sequence of Al-rich zone?->?theta (D0(3)(-)Mg(3)Al)?->?AlLi was confirmed during anisothermal ageing. A braided structure resulting from spinodal decomposition was found to be the optimized microstructure for achieving the peak strength. Nanocrystalline alpha-Mg phase at the interface between theta and the matrix was identified as the main reason for softening in the alloy. The core-shell model for theta?->?AlLi transformation is observed and verified. Our findings deepen the understanding of BCC Mg-Li-Al alloys and pave a pathway to develop new generation of ultralight alloys with stronger strength and better stability. (C) 2022 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
46.
  • Yang, Shun, et al. (author)
  • Reversibly modulating a conformation-adaptive fluorophore in [2]catenane
  • 2021
  • In: Chem. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9308 .- 2451-9294. ; 7:6, s. 1544-1556
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Tuning molecular emission by chemicalmeans has long been a fundamental topic, because the emerging methodologies and mechanisms of this topic usually bring a lot of opportunities in many multi-disciplinary applications. Here, we demonstrate the reversible switching of a conformation-adaptive fluorophore, 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[ a,c]phenazine (DPAC), by incorporating this fluorescent unit into a mechanically interlocked [2]catenane. Taking advantage of the mechanical bond of [2]catenane, the conformational freedom of the DPAC-macrocycle can be modulated by the co-conformational state of the [2]catenane, thus enabling the reversible switching of the fluorescent properties of DPAC. Owing to the mechanically interlocked structure, this fluorescent molecular system can be switched in a dual-mode (wavelength or intensity), visually recognizable, and highly reversible manner. This work provides a distinctmechanism of switchingmolecular emission by modulating conformation-adaptive fluorescent systems in mechanically interlocked structures.
  •  
47.
  • Zhang, Shuangshuang, et al. (author)
  • Discovery of carbon-based strongest and hardest amorphous material
  • 2022
  • In: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 9:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Carbon is one of the most fascinating elements due to its structurally diverse allotropic forms stemming from its bonding varieties (sp, sp2, and sp3). Exploring new forms of carbon has always been the eternal theme of scientific research. Herein, we report the amorphous (AM) carbon materials with high fraction of sp3 bonding recovered from compression of fullerene C60 under high pressure and high temperature previously unexplored. Analysis of photoluminescence and absorption spectra demonstrates that they are semiconducting with a bandgap range of 1.5–2.2 eV, comparable to that of widely used amorphous silicon. Comprehensive mechanical tests demonstrate that the synthesized AM-III carbon is the hardest and strongest amorphous material known so far, which can scratch diamond crystal and approach its strength. The produced AM carbon materials combine outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, and may potentially be used in photovoltaic applications that require ultrahigh strength and wear resistance.
  •  
48.
  • Zhang, Shuangshuang, et al. (author)
  • Narrow-gap, semiconducting, superhard amorphous carbon with high toughness, derived from C60 fullerene
  • 2021
  • In: Cell Reports Physical Science. - : Elsevier. - 2666-3864. ; 2:9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • New carbon forms that exhibit extraordinary physicochemical properties can be generated from nanostructured precursors under extreme pressure. Nevertheless, synthesis of such fascinating materials is often not well understood. That is the case of the C60 precursor, with irreproducible results that impede further progress in the materials design. Here, the semiconducting amorphous carbon, having band gaps of 0.1–0.3 eV and the advantages of isotropic superhardness and superior toughness over single-crystal diamond and inorganic glasses, is produced from fullerene at high pressure and moderate temperatures. A systematic investigation of the structure and bonding evolution is carried out with complementary characterization methods, which helps to build a model of the transformation that can be used in further high-pressure/high-temperature (high p,T) synthesis of novel nano-carbon systems for advanced applications. The amorphous carbon materials produced have the potential of accomplishing the demanding optoelectronic applications that diamond and graphene cannot achieve.
  •  
49.
  • Zhang, Tianyi, et al. (author)
  • 19.02Gbps/25m Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Adopting Probabilistic Constellation Shaping QAM-DMT Transmission
  • 2023
  • In: 2023 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference/2023 International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings, ACP/POEM 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We experimentally demonstrated probabilistic constellation shaping quadrature amplitude modulation discrete multitone (PCS QAM-DMT) for 25-m underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with a net data rate of 19.02Gbps. 28.1% capacity improvement is achieved in comparison with conventional bit-power loading DMT scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest net data rate ever reported for a single LD in current UWOC.
  •  
50.
  • Zou, Linqing, et al. (author)
  • Assessing the upper elevational limits of vegetation growth in global high-mountains
  • 2023
  • In: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257. ; 286
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The upper elevational limits of vegetation growth in global high-mountains have been the focus for monitoring and assessment of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. However, existing studies have relied on field surveys that do not allow for large-scale analysis. Although remote sensing data have been used for local and regional monitoring of the vegetation upper boundaries, a global synthesis of the treeline and vegetation line (the upper altitudinal threshold for the existence of trees and the transition line from vegetation to bare land or permanent snow cover, respectively) in high-mountain ecosystems is still missing. To fill this gap, we developed two independent methods based on (1) the relationship between a Sentinel-2 vegetation index and elevation and (2) the European Space Agency's 10 m resolution land cover dataset (WorldCover), respectively, to automatically identify the upper elevational limits of treeline and vegetation line for each one-quarter degree grid across the global high-mountain areas. We obtained highly consistent results from the two methods, both of which are spatially consistent with ground surveyed treeline elevations. Our results are in line with the current understanding of the global distributions of tree and vegetation lines, which are observed at the highest elevations in the Tibetan plateau and decreasing for increasing latitudes. We find that the tree and vegetation lines are aspect-dependent, reaching higher elevations on the equatorial-facing slopes than on the polar-facing slopes in high latitudes, and the opposite in the middle latitudes. Our analysis shows that mountain height is the dominant factor in determining the upper elevational limits of tree and vegetation lines across the globe, while climatic conditions and soil properties also play important roles at regional scales. Our study provides a framework for monitoring the tree and vegetation lines in global high-mountains and provides an important benchmark for further examining their long-term changes in response to climate change.
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