| 1. |
- Augustine, Lilly, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Disability in the Relationship Between Mental Health and Bullying: A Focused, Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
- 2022
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In: Child Psychiatry & Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Having both a disability and being bullied increases the risk of later mental health issues. Children with disabilities are at greater risk of being bullied and therefore at greater risk of adverse mental health outcomes. We conducted a limited systematic review of longitudinal studies focusing on the role of disability in relation to bullying and mental health problems. Twelve studies with an initial measure of mental health or disorder, measured no later than 10 years of age, were found. Ten of these twelve studies suggested that having a disability before victimisation increased the impact of mental health problems measured after bullying experiences. The conclusion is that children with a disability, such as behavioural problems, have an increased risk of later mental health problems through bullying victimization. Children with two risk factors had significantly worse mental health outcomes. These additional mental health problems may be alleviated through reduced bullying victimisation.
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| 2. |
- Barrett, Damon, et al.
(author)
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Best interests and low thresholds: legal and ethical issues relating to needle and syringe services for under 18s in Sweden
- 2022
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In: Harm Reduction Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7517. ; 19:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Access for legal minors to needle and syringe programmes raises a number of practical, legal and ethical challenges that traverse clinical practice, child protection and child rights. This article addresses the current legal age restriction on access to needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) in Sweden. Based on legislation and legislative preparatory works, it traces the rationale for retaining an age restriction in the context of a policy priority to improve access for people who inject drugs. Building on threshold theory and child rights literature, the article unpacks the apparent tension between protecting the low threshold nature of service provision, child protection duties of healthcare staff, and the best interests of the child. It explores whether this tension could be alleviated through replacing a legal age restriction for all with best interests assessments for each individual, and discusses the potential ethical and practical challenges involved in such a change.
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| 3. |
- Barrett, Damon, et al.
(author)
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Child-centred harm reduction
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Drug Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Harm reduction has become increasingly influential in drug policy and practice, but has developed primarily around adult drug use. Theoretical, practical, ethical and legal issues pertaining to children and adolescents under the age of majority – both relating to their own use and the effects of drug use among parents or within the family – are less clear. This commentary proposes a sub-field of drug policy at the intersection of harm reduction and childhood which we refer to as ‘child-centred harm reduction’. We provide a definition and conceptual model, as well as illustrative questions that emerge through a child-centred harm reduction lens. Many people in different countries are already working on these kinds of issues, whose work needs greater recognition, analysis and support. In beginning to name and define this sub-field we hope to improve this situation, and inspire further international debate, collaboration, and innovation.
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| 4. |
- Bjereld, Ylva, 1984, et al.
(author)
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The association between self-reported psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation and disability among adolescents in Finland and Sweden
- 2023
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:8, s. 1136-1143
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To analyse the associations between bullying victimisation, disability, and self-reported psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, and to investigate the role of support from parents and teachers in such associations. Methods: The study was based on Finnish and Swedish data from two waves (2013/2014 and 2017/2018) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (n=16,057). Descriptive statistics were produced for four groups of adolescents: (a) bullied with disabilities; (b) not bullied with disabilities; (c) bullied without disabilities; and (d) not bullied without disabilities (reference group). Two multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were performed for the Finnish and Swedish samples separately. The first model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation, controlling for a range of confounders. The second model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and social support from parents and teachers. Results: Across both countries, bullied adolescents with disabilities were more likely to self-report psychosomatic complaints than the reference group, even after adjusting for other potential confounders. Teacher support was identified as a potential protective factor as the odds ratio for psychosomatic complaints decreased when including teacher support as a factor in the model. The association with parent support showed mixed findings in Finland and Sweden. Conclusions: Disability in combination with bullying victimisation generated the highest levels of self-reported psychosomatic complaints compared to adolescents that were not bullied nor had disabilities. High teacher support may be a protective factor against psychosomatic complaints for bullied and/or disabled adolescents.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Cultural Adaptation of Interventions and the a Priori Assessment of Intervention Fit : Exploring Measurement Invariance for American and Swedish Youth Leaving Care
- 2023
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In: Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1543-3714 .- 1543-3722 .- 2640-8066 .- 2640-8074. ; 20:3, s. 306-322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: There is a growing literature on the importance of cultural adaptation of research-supported social work interventions. Few studies have however offered systematic methods for the a priori assessment of intervention fit in a new context. The current study explores the use of measurement invariance analyses to help identify whether key theoretical constructs in an intervention’s theory of change may fit differently in a new context.Methods: We draw on data on 13 measures of key constructs in an intervention for youth leaving out-of-home care designed and trialed in the US context (N = 295; 53.1% girls, mean age 17.3) compared to Swedish adolescents (N = 104; 41% girls, mean age 17.5).Results: In general, the results found all the measures to be invariant between US and Swedish samples.Discussion: The original intervention (US) is likely to have a good fit in the new (Swedish) context in terms of the measurement and functionality of its key constructs. There are, however, some indications that certain aspects of the original key constructs may function differently in the Swedish context, highlighting a need to review either measurement or intervention design. A broader conclusion is that measurement invariance can provide a useful tool for research-supported social work practice, namely the systematic a priori assessment of the transferability of an intervention’s theory of change. Some limitations and methodological issues are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Explaining trajectories of adolescent drunkenness, drug use, and criminality: A latent transition analysis with socio-ecological covariates.
- 2020
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In: Addictive Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6327 .- 0306-4603. ; 102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although there are diverse trajectories in adolescent substance use and criminality, it is less clear why some adolescents follow one pathway and not another. In this study, we examine how different domains in a young person's life, such as temperament, peer, and family factors, are linked to different trajectories and whether some domains are more strongly associated with specific patterns of these behaviours.Data comes from the Longitudinal Research on Development in Adolescence (LoRDIA) study in Sweden. Adolescents were surveyed at baseline (n=755, age 13, grade 7) and followed up at grades 8 and 9. Latent transition analysis and multinomial logistic regression were conducted.Four distinct statuses were found, showing heterogeneity in adolescent substance use and criminal behaviours. These statuses were however highly stable. Individual, peer and family domains were all relevant in distinguishing between the statuses. A key finding is that the relative importance of these domains differed between statuses, suggesting differential effects of the domains on the different trajectories. The pre-teen family environment, as well as criminal peers, was most strongly associated with a more entrenched group. This was not the case for a 'Dabblers' group, where novelty-seeking was weakly linked. For the 'Occasional Law Breakers', criminal peers was more strongly associated.Our results suggest that substance use and criminality in early to mid-adolescence is more diverse than current theories allow. Moreover, the different trajectories in these behaviours are likely to have different causal mechanisms, which has important implications for theory, policy and practice.
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| 8. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975
(author)
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Getting Real About Youth Substance Use and Crime: How ‘Realistic’ Theories can Improve Knowledge and Understanding for Practice
- 2022
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In: British Journal of Social Work. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0045-3102 .- 1468-263X. ; 52:1, s. 396-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Set against a backdrop of a need to develop new theories of youth ‘risk’ behaviour, a groundwork for how such theoretical work might be undertaken is described. Meta-theoretical principles from critical realism are used to help clarify issues such as causality in an open world, adolescents as stratified social agents, and science as a value-laden practice. A methodology for developing fallibilistic, context-sensitive knowledge is also outlined. These principles are applied to two influential risk behaviour theories—the social development model and problem behaviour theory—to illustrate how existing theory can be clarified and developed. In particular, current theories may negate adolescent agency in relation to different socio-ecological contexts. Moreover, there is a need for greater reflexivity about the moral frameworks that implicitly guide theory and thus practice. Examples of quantitative empirical studies are also discussed to demonstrate how they contribute towards building realistic theories for prevention practice.
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| 9. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Glöm inte de yngre i den narkotikapolitiska debatten
- 2022
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In: Tidskrift för Kriminalvård. - 0040-6821.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under 2020 var det strax under 30 000 personer som dömdes under narkotikalagstiftningen. Om den rejäla ökningen i antalet ärenden som har setts under de senaste fem åren fortsätter kommer det vara ännu fler barn och unga vuxna som tas in av polisen. Och för varje ung person som blir dömd, får böter, och hamnar i brottsregister finns det två till tre andra som tvingas att ge blod- och urinprov trots att de troligen är oskyldiga. Det är en generation av missgynnade barn och unga vuxna som inte får glömmas bort i debatten.
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| 10. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Legal Minors Who Inject: Differences in Socio-Demographics and Treatment Needs Compared to Adults in a Swedish National Sample of People with Injecting Drug Use
- 2023
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 58:12, s. 1473-1482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundInjection drug use among legal minors is under-researched. Although the population may be small in absolute terms, treatment needs may be greater than for those who began injecting as adults. Such knowledge may help tailor services more effectively. Previous research tends to use selective samples or focuses solely on medical indicators. The present study uses a larger sample drawn from national register data in Sweden over a 9-year period (2013-2021) to analyze differences in medical and social treatment needs between people who began injecting as legal minors and their older counterparts.MethodData on first-time visitors to needle and syringe programmes (n = 8225, mean age 37.6, 26% women) were used. Historical socio-demographics and presenting treatment needs were compared between those with a debut injecting age under 18, and those who began injecting as adults.ResultsThe prevalence of injecting before 18 years was 29%. This group had more negative social circumstances, such as leaving school early, worse health, and greater service consumption, compared to those who began injecting as adults. In particular, they had been subjected to a greater level of control measures, such as arrest and compulsory care.ConclusionsThe present study shows that there are important health and social differences between those who inject prior to 18 and those who begin injecting as adults. This raises important questions for both child protection services and harm reduction approaches for legal minors who inject, who still qualify as 'children' in a legal and policy sense.
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| 11. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Navigating survivorhood? Lived experiences of social support-seeking among LGBTQ survivors of intimate partner violence
- 2024
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In: Qualitative Social Work. - : SAGE Publications. - 1473-3250 .- 1741-3117. ; 23:2, s. 242-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seeking and receiving social support following violent and abusive relationships is a complex process, involving a range of barriers for anyone. LGBTQ survivors of intimate partner violence face additional barriers to both seeking and receiving appropriate help, yet few studies have explored the way these barriers are navigated from the experiential viewpoint. Knowledge of the subjective journey to access social support may help improve social work practice with LGBTQ people leaving abusive relationships. This study explored the lived experiences of support-seeking through in-depth interviews with LGBTQ survivors of IPV in Sweden (n = 7, age range 18-56). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used for interview design, conduct, and analysis to offer a detailed, first-person, and contextual account of the support-seeking process. Drawing on a phenomenological analysis of lifeworlds, five main themes were produced which illuminate some of the shared experiential features of participants' journeys to access support. Within each main theme, the analysis also highlights divergences relating to participants' differing lifeworlds. The analysis thus provides an in-depth, phenomenological understanding of the support-seeking process, including the barriers to, but also the individual and social enablers of, seeking support. Support-seeking processes for LGBTQ survivors of IPV may, at the experiential level, be more diffuse than current theoretical models suggest, with relational 'strategies of navigation' being of primary concern to individuals. For policy and practice, the importance of the wide range of generic professionals, who may be the first point of contact, should be emphasised, as well as the role of family and friends as a support and catalyst in the support-seeking process.
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| 12. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975
(author)
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Teenage Kicks – The Differential Development of Drug Use, Drunkenness, and Criminal Behaviour in Early to Mid-Adolescence
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis studies the development of drug use, drunkenness, and criminal behaviour in early to mid-adolescence. Its main aims are to improve knowledge about how and why these three behaviours develop and to contribute towards the development of theory that can have applications in prevention policy and practice. The thesis comprises four studies. Three of these are empirical studies using data from the Longitudinal Research on Development in Adolescence (LoRDIA) project. A general population, prospective sample of over 1500 adolescents was followed annually from age 13 to 15 (grades 7 to 9). Longitudinal within-person and person-oriented statistical analyses were applied. A fourth, theoretical study, applied principles from Critical Realism both to theories of the development of these behaviours, and also to existing empirical studies, including two from this thesis. The results of this thesis found greater complexity and heterogeneity than previously known both in how drug use, drunkenness, and criminal behaviour develop, but also in how they relate to each other. For example, drug use and drunkenness showed less stable patterns over time, compared to criminal behaviour. Criminal behaviour also showed greater statistical risk of being followed by later drug use and drunkenness, but not vice versa. The behaviours were found to cluster together in specific ways with a larger group (80%) who abstained, two smaller groups who infrequently engaged either in crime (9%) or mainly in drunkenness and drug use (9%), and a ‘severe’ 2% who regularly engaged in all three behaviours. This differential development was also shown to be related to different combinations of explanatory factors. This thesis challenges and extends existing knowledge concerning the development of drug use, drunkenness, and criminal behaviour in early to mid-adolescence. Drawing on sociological, criminological and psychological theory, a new formulation of the differential development of these behaviours is outlined. The results and conclusions presented in this thesis have implications for the design of prevention policy and practice and for social work with young people.
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