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| 32. |
- Böhlmark, Anders, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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The Headmaster Ritual : The Importance of Management for School Outcomes
- 2016
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 118:4, s. 912-940
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We estimate the impact of individual principals on school outcomes by using panel data that allow us to track principals over time. We find that individual principals have a substantive impact on school policies, working conditions, and student outcomes. In particular, students who attend a school that has a one standard deviation better principal improve their achievement by between 0.05 and 0.1 standard deviations. Despite rich background information on principals, it is difficult to characterize successful management, suggesting that innate skills are central. We find that the scope for discretion is larger among voucher schools and in areas with school competition.
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| 33. |
- Grönqvist, Erik, et al.
(author)
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One size fits all? : The effects of teachers' cognitive and social abilities on student achievement
- 2016
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In: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 42, s. 138-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We document a substantial decline in cognitive and social interactive abilities and in GPAs among entering teachers. Then, using matched student-teacher data, we find that teacher abilities have a negligible impact on average student achievement This finding hides interesting heterogeneities. In particular, an increase in teachers' cognitive (social) abilities increases (reduces) the achievement gap between high- and low-aptitude students. Teacher cognitive and social abilities further appear to be complements. We also find strong positive effects of male teachers' GPAs that are uniform across students, but similar effects are not found for female teachers' GPAs.
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| 34. |
- Grönqvist, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities
- 2017
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In: The Journal of human resources. - : UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 52:4, s. 887-918
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the intergenerational transmission of cognitive and noncognitive abilities using population data and correct for measurement error in abilities using two sets of instruments. The results show that previous estimates are biased downward and that once measurement error is corrected for, the correlation in noncognitive ability is close to that of cognitive ability. By considering both parents, intergenerational ability correlations account for a substantial portion of the sibling correlation. Using adoptees, we find that the social impact of maternal abilities is more important than paternal abilities. Children's educational attainment and labor market outcomes are strongly related to parents' cognitive and noncognitive abilities.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Kessel, Dany, 1982-
(author)
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School Choice, School Performance and School Segregation : Institutions and Design
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained chapters. The first chapter, Are Parents Uninformed? – The Impact of School Performance Information on School Choice Behavior and Student Assignment, is co-authored by Elsisabet Olme. We investigate the effects of school performance information on school choice behavior and student assignment. A randomly selected group of students, about to choose middle school, were provided with information about the performance of the available schools. Households that received the information became more prone to choose a top-performing school. This effect is driven by native and high-skilled households. We simulate how this change in choice behavior translates into changes in school assignment. We find that enrollment in the top-performing schools increases but the effect is muted by limited capacity. We also find that the treatment increases the gap in school performance between advantaged and disadvantaged households, decreases segregation in terms of migration background and increases segregation in terms of parental skill-level. The second chapter, School Choice Priority Structures and School Segregation, is also co-authored by Elsisabet Olme. We evaluate how school segregation is affected by altering the priority structures in a school choice program. We evaluate three priority structures, one proximity-based, one lottery-based and one based on soft quotas. Using actual choice data and simulations we find that that priority structures do affect school segregation. When reserving seats for different groups, schools are less segregated compared to when using systems where priorities are based on proximity or a lottery. We find that the average costs in terms of welfare are limited but that the different priority structures benefit different subgroups. In the third chapter, Debiasing the Gender Differences in Willingness to Compete – The Effects of General Information on the Gender Gap and Efficiency, I explore if informing people about the gender differences in the willingness to compete and the accompanying inefficiencies can reduce said differences and inefficiencies. In an experiment where the participants got to choose whether to compete or not, a random sample of participants were informed about the gender differences in willingness to compete and the related inefficiencies. Among those not informed, men were much more likely to compete than women. There were also significant inefficiencies from low-performing men choosing to compete and high-performing women choosing not to. The treatment reversed the gender gap and significantly reduced inefficiency. The fourth chapter, The Housing Wealth Effect: Quasi-Experimental Evidence is co-authored by Roine Vestman and Björn Tyrefors Hinnerich. We exploit a quasi-experiment that occurred in Stockholm in 2007 when the contract of Stockholm's city airport was unexpectedly renewed. We estimate an immediate shock of approximately 16 percent to house prices close to the airport. This source of price variation is ideal to identify housing wealth effects since it is local and unrelated to variation in macroeconomic conditions. Using a household data set with granular geographic information on primary residence, we find an MPC on cars of less than 0.2 cents per dollar.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Molla, Kiflu Gedefe, 1978-
(author)
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Essays in International trade, exchange rates and prices
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis consists of three self-contained essays in International Trade, Exchange Rates and Prices. Although independent, these essays share some common themes. The first two papers can be related to the vast literature on exchange rate pass-through to prices. While the first paper uses firm-product level data from Sweden to study firms’ export price response to movements in exchange rate, the second paper employs aggregate level data from Ethiopia and looks at the issue from the importers’ perspective. The third paper, like the first paper, uses Swedish firm-level data and investigates firms’ exporting behavior. The third paper, however, specifically focuses on export margins of multi-product firms and studies their response when exporting to destinations of different size and distance from the home country.
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| 39. |
- Novotny, Renata, et al.
(author)
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Conversion of Synthetic A beta to In Vivo Active Seeds and Amyloid Plaque Formation in a Hippocampal Slice Culture Model
- 2016
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In: Journal of Neuroscience. - : SOC NEUROSCIENCE. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 36:18, s. 5084-5093
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide (A beta) inbrain is an early event and hallmark of Alzheimers disease (AD). We combined the advantages of in vitro and in vivo approaches to study cerebral beta-amyloidosis by establishing a long-term hippocampal slice culture(HSC) model. While no A beta deposition was noted in untreated HSCs of postnatal A beta precursor protein transgenic (APP tg) mice, A beta deposition emerged in HSCs when cultures were treated once with brain extract from aged APP tg mice and the culture medium was continuously supplemented with synthetic A beta. Seeded A beta deposition was also observed under the same conditions in HSCs derived from wild-type or App-null mice but in no comparable way when HSCs were fixed before cultivation. Both the nature of the brain extract and the synthetic A beta species determined the conformational characteristics of HSCA beta deposition. HSCA beta deposits induced a microglia response, spine loss, and neuritic dystrophy but no obvious neuron loss. Remarkably, in contrast to in vitro aggregated synthetic A beta, homogenates of A beta deposits containing HSCs induced cerebral beta-amyloidosis upon intracerebral inoculation into young APP tg mice. Our results demonstrate that a living cellular environment promotes the seeded conversion of synthetic A beta into a potent in vivo seeding-active form.
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| 40. |
- Olme, Elisabet, 1986-
(author)
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Essays on Educational Choices and Integration
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Are Parents Uninformed? The Impact of School Performance Information on School Choices and School Assignments. We study the impact of providing information about schools' performances on households' choice of school. A randomly selected subset of households with children about to start middle school in a Swedish municipality were provided with information about the schools’ performances on standardized tests. We find that this information made them more likely to apply to the top-performing schools, compared to households in the control group. The effect is driven by native children and children to high-skilled parents. Next, we simulate how this would affect the allocation of students to schools, under the assumption that all households would have access to this information. As expected, enrollment in top-performing schools increase, but the effect is muted by the schools' capacity constraints. Again, native and high-skilled drive the effect, by shifting their applications from mid- to top-performing schools. This leads to reduced school segregation by foreign background as children with a foreign background are overrepresented at the top-performing schools to begin with. Furthermore, school segregation by parental education increases slightly as children with highly educated parents congregate at the top-performing schools.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Tyrefors Hinnerich, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Skillnader i resultat mellan gymnasieelever i fristående och kommunal skolor
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trots att 25 procent av de svenska gymnasieeleverna får sin utbildning vid fristående skolor har inga tidigare studier analyserat resultatskillnader mellan fristående och kommunala gymnasieskolor. Vi undersöker sådana skillnader med hjälp av externa och interna bedömningar av nationella prov i gymnasiets kärnämneskurser. Analysen tar hänsyn till att elever på olika typer av skolor kan skilja sig åt med avseende på tidigare skolprestationer och socioekonomisk bakgrund. Vi finner att elever vid fristående skolor uppnår sämre resultat enligt de externa bedömningarna. Resultatskillnaderna är särskilt stora för elever med relativt låga grundskolebetyg (men inte för elever med utländsk bakgrund). Dessa elever är också de som är mest benägna att studera vid fristående gymnasier. Genom att jämföra interna och externa bedömningar av exakt samma provsvar finner vi vidare att de interna bedömningarna av proven är generösare bland fristående än bland kommunala skolor. Resultaten är konsistenta med att fristående skolor i högre grad än kommunala anpassar sig efter olika elevgruppers efterfrågan.
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| 44. |
- Tyrefors Hinnerich, Björn, et al.
(author)
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The impact of upper-secondary voucher school attendance on student achievement. Swedish evidence using external and internal evaluations
- 2017
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In: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 47, s. 1-14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has a school voucher system with universal coverage and full acceptance of corporate providers. Using a value added approach, we find that students at upper-secondary voucher schools on average score 0.06 standard deviations lower on externally graded standardized tests in first year core courses. The negative impact is larger among lower achieving students (but not among immigrant students), the same students who are most prone to attend voucher schools. For high achieving students, the voucher school impact is around zero. Comparing internal and external evaluations of the exact same standardized tests, we find that voucher schools are 0.14 standard deviations more generous than municipal schools in their internal test grading. The greater leniency in test grading is more pronounced among students at academic than at vocational programs. The findings are consistent with voucher schools responding more strongly to differences in educational preferences than municipal schools.
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| 45. |
- Åslund, Olof, et al.
(author)
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Education and criminal behavior : Insights from an expansion of upper secondary school
- 2018
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In: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 52, s. 178-192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the impact on long and short run criminal behavior from a large scale Swedish reform of vocational upper secondary education, extending programs and adding more general theoretical content. The reform directly concerns age groups where criminal activity is high and individuals who are overrepresented among criminal offenders. Using detailed administrative data we show that the reform led to a reduction in property crime, but no significant decrease in violent crime. The effect is mainly concentrated to the third year after enrollment, which suggests that being in school reduces the opportunities and/or inclinations to commit crime.
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| 46. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
-
- 2015
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 47. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2015
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 92:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 48. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2015
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In: The European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6052. ; 75:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 49. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2015
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In: The European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6052. ; 75:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 50. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
-
- 2016
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In: The European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6052. ; 76:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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