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1.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • PHENIX detector overview
  • 2003
  • In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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2.
  • Abt, I, et al. (author)
  • Inclusive V-0 production cross sections from 920 GeV fixed target proton-nucleus collisions
  • 2003
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 29:2, s. 181-190
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Inclusive differential cross sections dsigma(pA)/dx(F) and dsigma(pA)/dp(t)(2) for the production of K-S(0), Lambda, and (&ULambda;) over bar particles are measured at HERA in proton-induced reactions on C, Al, Ti, and W targets. The incident beam energy is 920 GeV, corresponding to roots = 41.6 GeV in the proton-nucleon system. The ratios of differential cross sections dsigma(pA)(K-S(0))/dsigma(pA)(Lambda) and dsigma(pA)((&ULambda;) over bar)/dsigma(pA) (Lambda) are measured to be 6.2 +/- 0.5 and 0.66 +/- 0.07, respectively, for x(F) approximate to -0.06. No significant dependence upon the target material is observed. Within errors, the slopes of the transverse momentum distributions da,Ald t also show no significant dependence upon the target material. The dependence of the extrapolated total cross sections sigma(pA) on the atomic mass A of the target material is discussed, and the deduced cross sections per nucleon sigma(pN) are compared with results obtained at other energies.
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3.
  • Abt, I, et al. (author)
  • Measurement of the b(b)over-bar production cross section in 920 GeV fixed-target proton-nucleus collisions
  • 2003
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 26:3, s. 345-355
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Using the HERA-B detector, the b (b) over bar production cross section has been measured in 920 GeV proton collisions on carbon and titanium targets. The b (b) over bar production was tagged via inclusive bottom quark decays into J/psi by exploiting the longitudinal separation of J/psi --> l(+)l(-) decay vertices from the primary proton-nucleus interaction. Both e(+)e(-) and mu(+)mu(-) channels have been reconstructed and the combined analysis yields the cross section sigma(b (b) over bar) = 32(-12)(+14)(stat) (+6)(-7)(sys) nb/nucleon.
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4.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Flow Measurements via Two-Particle Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Two-particle azimuthal correlation functions are presented for charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV). The measurements permit determination of elliptic flow without event-by-event estimation of the reaction plane. The extracted elliptic flow values (v2) show significant sensitivity to both the collision centrality and the transverse momenta of emitted hadrons, suggesting rapid thermalization and relatively strong velocity fields. When scaled by the eccentricity of the collision zone ε, the scaled elliptic flow shows little or no dependence on centrality for charged hadrons with relatively low pT. A breakdown of this ε scaling is observed for charged hadrons with pT >1.0 GeV/c.
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5.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • Bose-Einstein correlations of charged pion pairs in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 200 GeV
  • 2004
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 93:15
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the standard core-halo partial Coulomb fits, and a new parametrization which constrains the Coulomb fraction as determined from the unlike-sign pion correlation, the ratio R-out/R-side is within 0.8-1.1 for 0.25<<1.2 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of all radii is well described by a linear scaling in N-part(1/3), and R-out/R-side for similar to0.45 GeV/c is approximately constant at unity as a function of centrality.
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6.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
  • 2003
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:18: 182301
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The anisotropy parameter (v(2)), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities (eta<0.35) with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (eta=3-4 ). We observe that the v(2) of mesons falls below that of (anti)baryons for p(T)>2 GeV/c, in marked contrast to the predictions of a hydrodynamical model. A quark-coalescence model is also investigated.
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7.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • J/psi production from proton-proton collisions at root s=200 GeV
  • 2004
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 92:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • J/psi production has been measured in proton-proton collisions at roots=200 GeV over a wide rapidity and transverse momentum range by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Distributions of the rapidity and transverse momentum, along with measurements of the mean transverse momentum and total production cross section are presented and compared to available theoretical calculations. The total J/psi cross section is 4.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.6(syst)+/-0.4(abs) mub. The mean transverse momentum is 1.80+/-0.23(stat)+/-0.16(syst) GeV/c.
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8.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • J/psi production in Au-Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
  • 2004
  • In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 69:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • First results on charm quarkonia production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented. The yield of J/psi's measured in the PHENIX experiment via electron-positron decay pairs at midrapidity for Au-Au reactions at roots(NN) = 200 GeV is analyzed as a function of collision centrality. For this analysis we have studied 49.3x10(6) minimum bias Au-Au reactions. We present the J/psi invariant yield dN/dy for peripheral and midcentral reactions. For the most central collisions where we observe no signal above background, we quote 90% confidence level upper limits. We compare these results with our J/psi measurement from proton-proton reactions at the same energy. We find that our measurements are not consistent with models that predict strong enhancement relative to binary collision scaling.
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9.
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10.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • Scaling properties of proton and antiproton production in root s(NN)=200 GeV Au+Au collisions
  • 2003
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:17: 172301
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on the yield of protons and antiprotons, as a function of centrality and transverse momentum, in Au+Au collisions at rootS(NN)=200 GeV measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In central collisions at intermediate transverse momenta (1.5
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11.
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12.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Centrality dependence of the high (PT) charged hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV
  • 2003
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 561:1-2, s. 82-92
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p(T) spectra from Au +An collisions at root(s)NN = 130 GeV The truncated mean p(T) decreases with centrality for p(T) > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p(T) hadrdn production. For central collisions the yield at high p(T) is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p + p, data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e., for collisions with less than similar to140 participating nucleons. The observed p(T) and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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13.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean E(T) in root s(NN)=130 GeVAu+Au collisions
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 66:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of nonstatistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant nonrandom fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive p(T) or e(T) spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in roots(NN)=130 GeV Au+Au collisions.
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14.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Measurement of Lambda and (Lambda)over-bar particles in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89:9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We present results on the measurement of Lambda and (&ULambda;) over bar production in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The transverse momentum spectra were measured for minimum bias and for the 5% most central events. The (&ULambda;) over bar/Lambda ratios are constant as a function of p(T) and the number of participants. The measured net Lambda density is significantly larger than predicted by models based on hadronic strings (e.g., HIJING) but in approximate agreement with models which include the gluon-junction mechanism.
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15.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Measurement of single electrons and implications for charm production in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:19
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Transverse momentum spectra of electrons from Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The spectra show an excess above the background from photon conversions and light hadron decays. The electron signal is consistent with that expected from semileptonic decays of charm. The yield of the electron signal dN(e)/dy for p(T) > 0.8 GeV/c is 0.025 +/- 0.004(stat) +/- 0.010( syst) in central collisions, and the corresponding charm cross section is 380 +/- 60(stat) +/- 200(syst ) mub per binary nucleon-nucleon collision.
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16.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Net charge fluctuations in Au+Au interactions root s(NN)=130 GeV
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Data from Au+ Au interactions at s(NN)=130 GeV, obtained with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near midrapidity. According to recent suggestions, such fluctuations may carry information from the quark-gluon plasma. This analysis shows that the fluctuations are dominated by a stochastic distribution of particles, but are also sensitive to other effects, like global charge conservation and resonance decays.
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17.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Suppression of hadrons with large transverse momentum in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Transverse momentum spectra for charged hadrons and for neutral pions in the range 1 Gev/c < P-T < 5 GeV/c have been measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in Au + Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV. At high p(T) the spectra from peripheral nuclear collisions are consistent with scaling the spectra from p + p collisions by the average number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The spectra from central collisions are significantly suppressed when compared to the binary-scaled p + p expectation, and also when compared to similarly binary-scaled peripheral collisions, indicating a novel nuclear-medium effect in central nuclear collisions at RHIC energies.
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18.
  • Adcox, K, et al. (author)
  • Transverse-mass dependence of two-pion correlations in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:19
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Two-pion correlations in roots(NN) = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC have been measured over a broad range of pair transverse momentum k(T) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The k(T) dependent transverse radii are similar to results from heavy-ion collisions at roots(NN) = 4.1 , 4.9, and 17.3 GeV, whereas the longitudinal radius increases monotonically with beam energy. The ratio of the outwards to sidewards transverse radii (R-out/R-side) is consistent with unity and independent of k(T) .
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19.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • Double helicity asymmetry in inclusive midrapidity pi(0) production for polarized p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV
  • 2004
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 93:20: 202002
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We present a measurement of the double longitudinal spin asymmetry in inclusive pi(0) production in polarized proton-proton collisions at roots=200 GeV. The data were taken at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with average beam polarizations of 0.27. The measurements are the first in a program to study the longitudinal spin structure of the proton, using strongly interacting probes, at collider energies. The asymmetry is presented for transverse momenta 1-5 GeV/c at midrapidity, where next-to-leading-order perturbative quantum chromodynamic (NLO pQCD) calculations well describe the unpolarized cross section. The observed asymmetry is small and is compared to a NLO pQCD calculation with a range of polarized gluon distributions.
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20.
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21.
  • Beral, V, et al. (author)
  • Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
  • 2002
  • In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
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22.
  • Ahrens, J., et al. (author)
  • Calibration and survey of AMANDA with the SPASE detectors
  • 2004
  • In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 522:3, s. 347-359
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on the analysis of air showers observed in coincidence by the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino detector array (AMANDA-B10) and the South Pole Air Shower Experiment (SPASE-1 and SPASE-2). We discuss the use of coincident events for calibration and survey of the deep AMANDA detector as well as the response of AMANDA to muon bundles. This analysis uses data taken during 1997 when both SPASE-1 and SPASE-2 were in operation to provide a stereo view of AMANDA. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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23.
  • Ahrens, J., et al. (author)
  • Limits on diffuse fluxes of high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos with the AMANDA-B10 detector
  • 2003
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 90:25, s. 2511011-2511015
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A report on the limits, which could be placed on diffuse fluxes of high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos, was presented. The incorporation of neutrino oscillations was necessary for interpreting the limits in terms of the flux from a cosmological distributions of sources. The energetic accelerated environments were presented as the sources of high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos.
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24.
  • Ahrens, J., et al. (author)
  • Measurement of the cosmic ray composition at the knee with the SPASE-2/AMANDA-B10 detectors
  • 2004
  • In: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 21:6, s. 565-581
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays at energies above 1015 eV can provide crucial information for the understanding of their origin. Air showers were measured simultaneously with the SPASE-2 air shower array and the AMANDA-B10 Cherenkov telescope at the South Pole. This combination has the advantage to sample almost all high-energy shower muons and is thus a new approach to the determination of the cosmic ray composition. The change in the cosmic ray mass composition was measured versus existing data from direct measurements at low energies. Our data show an increase of the mean log atomic mass 〈lnA〉 by about 0.8 between 500 TeV and 5 PeV. This trend of an increasing mass through the "knee" region is robust against a variety of systematic effects. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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25.
  • Ahrens, J., et al. (author)
  • Search for Extraterrestrial Point Sources of Neutrinos with AMANDA-II
  • 2004
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 92:7, s. 711021-711025
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The results of a search for point sources of high energy neutrinos in the northern hemisphere were presented using AMANDA-II data collected in the year 2000. The results included the flux limits on several active-galactic-nuclei blazars, microquasars, magnetars, and other candidate neutrino sources. A search for excesses above a random background of cosmic ray induced atmospheric neutrinos and misreconstructed downgoing cosmic-rays muons, which revealed no statistically significant neutrino point sources was also presented. It was shown that AMANDA-II had achieved the sensitivity required to probe known TeV γ-ray sources such as the blazar Markarian 501 in its 1997 flaring state at a level where neutrino and γ-ray fluxes were equal.
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26.
  • Niessen, Peter, et al. (author)
  • Recent results from the amanda experiment
  • 2003
  • In: Proceedings of 38th Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories 15-22 Mar 2003. Les Arcs, France.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AMANDA (Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array) is a neutrino telescope built under the southern polar icecap and its scope is to explore the possibility to detect high energy cosmic neutrinos. This should generate insight into the powerful celestial objects where acceleration mechanisms can bring up to 10 20   eV. We describe the achievements and results from the AMANDA-B10 prototype and the preliminary results from the current AMANDA-II detector which show dramatic increase in sensitivity.
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27.
  • Adler, SS, et al. (author)
  • PHENIX on-line systems
  • 2003
  • In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 560-592
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The PHENIX On-Line system takes signals from the Front End Modules (FEM) on each detector subsystem for the purpose of generating events for physics analysis. Processing of event data begins when the Data Collection Modules (DCM) receive data via fiber-optic links from the FEMs. The DCMs format and zero suppress the data and generate data packets. These packets go to the Event Builders (EvB) that assemble the events in final form. The Level-1 trigger (LVL1) generates a decision for each beam crossing and eliminates uninteresting events. The FEMs carry out all detector processing of the data so that it is delivered to the DCMs using a standard format. The FEMs also provide buffering for LVL1 trigger processing and DCM data collection. This is carried out using an architecture that is pipelined and deadtimeless. All of this is controlled by the Master Timing System (MTS) that distributes the RHIC clocks. A Level-2 trigger (LVL2) gives additional discrimination. A description of the components and operation of the PHENIX On-Line system is given and the solution to a number of electronic infrastructure problems are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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28.
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30.
  • Fynbo, H. O. U., et al. (author)
  • News on C-12 from beta-decay studies
  • 2004
  • In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 738, s. 59-65
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We discuss the importance of the spectroscopic properties of the resonances of C-12 just above the 3alpha-threshold, and review the existing experimental information of this region with emphasis on 0(+) and 2(+) states. A new experimental approach for studying the beta-decays of B-12 and N-12 is presented based on techniques developed in the context of Radioactive beam (rare isotope) physics. Finally preliminary results from an ongoing analysis of two recent experiments are given.
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31.
  • Wang, M., et al. (author)
  • Preparation, characterization and catalytic oxidation properties of tris 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole iron(II) complexes
  • 2004
  • In: Applied organometallic chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0268-2605 .- 1099-0739. ; 18:6, s. 277-281
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Complexes [Fe(Hpbi)(3)](ClO4)(2) (1) and [Fe(Hpbi)(3)](SbF6)(2) (2) (Hpbi = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole) were prepared by a modified method and characterized by IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR, mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and elemental analysis. The catalytic activities of 1 and 2 were evaluated for the oxidation of cyclohexene, cyclohexane, ethylbenzene and adamantane with tert-butylhydroperoxide or H2O2 as oxidant, and the results were compared with the properties of their analogue [Fe(bpy)(3)](SbF6)(2) (3). Complexes 1 and 2 both afforded the ketonization product for the oxidation of ethylbenzene and the hydroxylation product for adamantane.
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32.
  • Wang, X., et al. (author)
  • Involvement of the MKK6-p38? cascade in ?-radiation-induced cell cycle arrest
  • 2000
  • In: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 20:13, s. 4543-4552
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The p38 group of kinases belongs to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily with structural and functional characteristics distinguishable from those of the ERK, JNK (SAPK), and BMK (ERK5) kinases. Although there is a high degree of similarity among members of the p38 group in terms of structure and activation, each member appears to have a unique function. Here we show that activation of p38-? (also known as ERK6 or SAPK3), but not the other p38 isoforms, is required for ?-irradiation- induced G2 arrest. Activation of the MKK6-p38? cascade is sufficient to induce G2 arrest in cells, and expression of dominant negative alleles of MKK6 or p38? allows cells to escape the DNA damage-induce G2 delay. Activation of p38? is dependent on ATM and leads to activation of Cds1 (also known as Chk2). These data suggest a model in which activation of ATM by ? irradiation leads to the activation of MKK6, p38?, and Cds1 and that activation of both MKK6 and p38? is essential for the proper regulation of the G2 checkpoint in mammalian cells.
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33.
  • Åkesson, Torsten, et al. (author)
  • ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker test-beam results
  • 2004
  • In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 522:1-2, s. 50-55
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Several prototypes of the Transition Radiation Tracker for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC have been built and tested at the CERN SPS accelerator. Results from detailed studies of the straw-tube hit registration efficiency and drift-time measurements and of the pion and electron spectra without and with radiators are presented.
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34.
  • Åkesson, Torsten, et al. (author)
  • Status of design and construction of the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC
  • 2004
  • In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 522:1-2, s. 131-145
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The ATLAS Inner Detector consists of three sub-systems, the Pixel Detector at the innermost radius, the Semi-Conductor Tracker at intermediate radii, and the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) at the outermost radius in front of the electromagnetic calorimeter. The TRT provides a combination of continuous tracking with many projective measurements based on individual drift-tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on radiator fibres or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the current status of design and construction of the various components of the TRT: the assembly of the barrel modules has recently been completed, that of the end-cap wheels is well underway, and the on-detector front-end electronics is in production. The detector modules and front-end electronics boards will be integrated together over the next year, the barrel and end-cap TRT parts will be assembled and tested with their SCT counterparts during 2005 and installation and commissioning in the ATLAS pit will take place at the end of 2005 and the beginning of 2006. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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35.
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36.
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37.
  • Li, D. Z., et al. (author)
  • Study of interaction between red-tide toxin, domoic acid and double-stranded DNA by capillary zone electrophoresis
  • 2004
  • In: Chinese Chemical Letters. - 1001-8417 .- 1878-5964. ; 15:9, s. 1079-1082
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The interactions between amnesic red-tide toxin, domoic acid (DA) and 14mer double-stranded DNA (dsDNA with three kinds of sequences) were studied by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). For the dsDNA with a sequence of 5'-CCCCCTATACCCGC-3', the amount of free dsDNA decreases with the increase of added DA; and the signal of DA-dsDNA complex was observed. Meanwhile, the other two dsDNAs, 5'-(C)12GC-3' and 5'-(AT)7-3', the existence of DA could not lead to the change of dsDNA signal and indicated that there is no interaction between DA and these two dsDNAs.
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38.
  • Soh, D. B. S., et al. (author)
  • A 980-nm Yb-doped fiber MOPA source and its frequency doubling
  • 2004
  • In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 16:4, s. 1032-1034
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A continuous-wave (CW) master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) fiber source, tunable around 978 run, was frequency-doubled to 488.7 nm. Both the laser and the amplifier were made with cladding-pumped jacketed air-clad Yb-doped fibers. The MOPA generated up to 2.7 W of power in an output beam with an M-2 value of 1.8. This was frequency-doubled in a periodically poled potasium titanyl phosphate crystal at room temperature, in a single-pass configuration. The generated blue light had a CW power of 18.1 mW, a nearly Gaussian spatial intensity profile, and an M-2 value of 1.7.
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39.
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40.
  • Wang, C. K., et al. (author)
  • Solvent effects on the electronic structure of a newly synthesized two-photon polymerization initiator
  • 2003
  • In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 119:2, s. 1208-1213
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Time-dependent hybrid density functional theory in combination with polarized continuum model has been applied to study the solvent effects on the geometrical and electronic structures, as well as one- and two-photon absorption processes, of a newly synthesized asymmetrical charge-transfer (CT) two-photon absorption (TPA) organic molecule. The TPA cross section calculated from a generalized two-state model and solvatochromic shift of the CT state are found to be solvent dependent, for which a nonmonotonic behavior with respect to the polarity of the solvents has been observed. The calculated properties are in good agreement with the experimental data available. The character of the CT state is visualized by plotting its charge density difference from ground state, in which an excess of electron density on the donor side of the molecule is found. This implies that the excited molecule is ready to donate its electron to the surroundings. The energetic aspect of the electron donation is discussed by examining the solvent dependence of the molecular ground state oxidation potential. The importance of the electron correlation for describing the two-photon absorption is also demonstrated.
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41.
  • Wu, Y.-H., et al. (author)
  • Surface diffusion limited nucleation of Ge dots on the Si(001) surface
  • 2002
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The formation of Ge islands during MBE growth is a spontaneous process and these islands, i.e. dots, are usually randomly arranged. In order to implement these nanoscaled islands into device applications, ordering of epitaxial dots is a crucial step. We report a study on the MBE growth of Ge islands on Si(001) substrates, containing <110>-oriented square and long stripe type patterns defined by anisotropic wet etching of Si, in order to provide more understanding of how surface diffusion of Ge atoms would influence the formation of Ge islands on various types of surfaces. It has been found that there were preferential nucleation sites for Ge islands along the bottom edges of the Si ridges. The Ge islands at the edge positions were larger than those formed on the free surface and they could be regularly spaced. Due to the consumption of Ge at the bottom edges of ridge patterns, the density of Ge dots on the free surface varied between ˜ 3 × 108 and ˜ 1 × 109 cm-2 when changing the spatial separation between two adjacent Si ridges (2-100 µm). A Ge mean diffusion length of ˜ 7.5 µm has been determined for Ge growth at 700 °C. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
42.
  • Åkesson, Torsten, et al. (author)
  • Aging studies for the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT)
  • 2003
  • In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 515:1-2, s. 166-179
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A summary of the aging and material validation studies carried out for the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) is presented. Particular emphasis is put on the different phenomena observed in straw tubes operating with the chosen Xe/CF4/CO2 mixture. The most serious effects observed are silicon deposition on the anode wire and damage of the anode wire gold plating. Etching phenomena and active radical effects are also discussed. With a careful choice of all materials and components, and with good control of the water contamination in the active gas, the ATLAS TRT will operate reliably for 10 years at the LHC design luminosity. To demonstrate this fully, more work is still needed on the gas system purification elements, in particular to understand their interplay with the active species containing fluorine created in the avalanche process under irradiation.
  •  
43.
  • Åkesson, Torsten, et al. (author)
  • An X-ray scanner for wire chambers
  • 2003
  • In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 507:3, s. 622-635
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The techniques to measure the position of sense wires and field wires, the gas gain and the gas flow rate inside wire chambers using a collimated and filtered X-ray beam are reported. Specific examples are given using barrel modules of the Transition Radiation Tracker of the ATLAS experiment. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
44.
  • Bäckhed, Fredrik, 1973, et al. (author)
  • The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
  • 2004
  • In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ; 101:44, s. 15718-15723
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • New therapeutic targets for noncognitive reductions in energy intake, absorption, or storage are crucial given the worldwide epidemic of obesity. The gut microbial community (microbiota) is essential for processing dietary polysaccharides. We found that conventionalization of adult germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice with a normal microbiota harvested from the distal intestine (cecum) of conventionally raised animals produces a 60% increase in body fat content and insulin resistance within 14 days despite reduced food intake. Studies of GF and conventionalized mice revealed that the microbiota promotes absorption of monosaccharides from the gut lumen, with resulting induction of de novo hepatic lipogenesis. Fasting-induced adipocyte factor (Fiaf), a member of the angiopoietin-like family of proteins, is selectively suppressed in the intestinal epithelium of normal mice by conventionalization. Analysis of GF and conventionalized, normal and Fiaf knockout mice established that Fiaf is a circulating lipoprotein lipase inhibitor and that its suppression is essential for the microbiota-induced deposition of triglycerides in adipocytes. Studies of Rag1-/- animals indicate that these host responses do not require mature lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota is an important environmental factor that affects energy harvest from the diet and energy storage in the host.
  •  
45.
  • Chen, Y. C., et al. (author)
  • Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy studies of molecularly imprinted polymer sensors
  • 2004
  • In: MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED MATERIALS-2003. - : Materials Research Society. - 1558997253 ; , s. 35-39
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are used as recognition elements in biochemical sensors. In a fluorescence-based MIP sensor system, it can be difficult to distinguish the analyte fluorescence from the fluorescence of the polymer itself. We studied steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of anthracene imprinted in a polymer (polyurethane) matrix. Vertically polarized excitation light was incident on MIP films coated on silicon wafers; vertically and horizontally polarized emission was measured. We compared the fluorescence anisotropy of MIPs with imprinted molecules, MIPs with the imprinted molecules extracted, MIPs with rebound molecules, and nonimprinted control polymers. It is shown that differences in fluorescence anisotropy between the polymers and imprinted fluorescent molecules may provide a means to discriminate the fluorescence of analyte from that of the background polymer.
  •  
46.
  • Fujise, O, et al. (author)
  • Clonal distribution of natural competence in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
  • 2004
  • In: Oral Microbiology and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0902-0055 .- 1399-302X. ; 19:5, s. 340-342
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The competence for natural transformation was investigated in 67 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains. The transformation assays were performed with both cloned DNA fragments and chromosomal markers of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Competence was found in 12 of 18 serotype a strains, 0 of 21 serotype b strains, 0 of 14 serotype c strains, 3 of 6 serotype d strains, 3 of 4 serotype e strains, 0 of 3 serotype f strains, and 0 of 1 nonserotypeable strain. The transformation frequencies varied from 5 x 10(-3) to 4 x 10(-6) (median 1.5 x 10(-4)). The distribution pattern of natural competence is concordant with the major clonal lineages of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Serotype a strains are predominantly competent for transformation, while serotypes b and c strains are apparently non-competent.
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47.
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48.
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49.
  • Ji, Xiaoyan, et al. (author)
  • Activity coefficients of HCl in the HCl + NH4Cl + H2O systems at 298.15 and 313.15 K
  • 2000
  • In: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 45:1, s. 29-33
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Using the ion-selective electrode method with a concentrated electrolyte solution added continuously, the mean activity coefficients of HCl in the HCl + NH4Cl + H2O system were experimentally measured at 298.15 and 313.15 K and at five molality fractions of NH4Cl (y2 = mNH4Cl/(mHCl + mNH4Cl) from 0.1 to 0.9. The measurements were made by an electrochemical cell using a H glass ion-selective electrode and a chloride solid-state ion-selective electrode. It was found that the influence of NH4+ on the H glass ion-selective electrode could be neglected up to 1.3 molkg-1, and this pair of ion-selective electrodes was suitable for determining the activity coefficients of HCl in the system. A new set of Pitzer mixing parameters, correlated from the experimental results, was used to calculate the activity coefficients for HCl in the system from 293.15 to 313.15 K up to 3.0 molkg-1.
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50.
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