| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Funktionsstörningar och smärta
- 2008
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In: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 100:9-10, s. 64-68
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Orofaciala funktionsstörningar och smärta är en sammanfattning av kliniska problem och sjukdomar som involverar bett, käkar, tuggmuskulatur, käkleder och omgivande strukturer. Orsakerna är oftast multifaktoriella för de barn, ungdomar och vuxna som drabbas.
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| 3. |
- Cuervo, Ana Maria, et al.
(author)
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Autophagy and aging - The importance of maintaining "clean" cells
- 2005
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In: autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 1:3, s. 131-140
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A decrease in the turnover of cellular components and the intracellular accumulation of altered macromolecules and organelles are features common to all aged cells. Diminished autophagic activity plays a major role in these age-related manifestations. In this work we review the molecular defects responsible for the malfunctioning of two forms of autophagy, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated outophagy, in old mammals, and highlight general and cell-type specific consequences of dysfunction of the autophagic system with age. Dietary caloric restriction and antilipolytic agents have been proven to efficiently stimulate autophagy in old rodents. These and other possible experimental restorative efforts are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Henzler-Wildman, Katherine A, et al.
(author)
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Intrinsic motions along an enzymatic reaction trajectory.
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450, s. 838-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanisms by which enzymes achieve extraordinary rate acceleration and specificity have long been of key interest in biochemistry. It is generally recognized that substrate binding coupled to conformational changes of the substrate-enzyme complex aligns the reactive groups in an optimal environment for efficient chemistry. Although chemical mechanisms have been elucidated for many enzymes, the question of how enzymes achieve the catalytically competent state has only recently become approachable by experiment and computation. Here we show crystallographic evidence for conformational substates along the trajectory towards the catalytically competent 'closed' state in the ligand-free form of the enzyme adenylate kinase. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that these partially closed conformations are sampled in nanoseconds, whereas nuclear magnetic resonance and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer reveal rare sampling of a fully closed conformation occurring on the microsecond-to-millisecond timescale. Thus, the larger-scale motions in substrate-free adenylate kinase are not random, but preferentially follow the pathways that create the configuration capable of proficient chemistry. Such preferred directionality, encoded in the fold, may contribute to catalysis in many enzymes.
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| 5. |
- Jood, Katarina, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Fibrinolytic gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke
- 2005
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In: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 36:10, s. 2077-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) -7351C>T and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) -675 4G>5G polymorphisms influence transcriptional activity. Both variants have been associated with myocardial infarction, with increased risk for the T and 4G allele, respectively. In this study we investigated the possible association between these polymorphisms, the respective plasma protein levels, and ischemic stroke. METHODS: In the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS), 600 patients with acute ischemic stroke aged 18 to 69 years and 600 matched community controls were recruited. Stroke subtype was determined using Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Treatment criteria. RESULTS: There were no associations between individual genetic variants and ischemic stroke. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for overall ischemic stroke was 1.11 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.43) for tPA T allele carriers, and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.11) for subjects homozygous for the PAI-1 4G allele. When genotypes were combined, a protective effect for the tPA CC/PAI-1 4G4G genotype combination was observed (odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.98; P<0.05). Plasma levels of tPA and PAI-1 antigen at follow-up were independently associated with overall ischemic stroke. tPA-antigen differed by stroke subtype and was highest among those with large-vessel disease and cardioembolic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the tPA -7351C>T nor the PAI-1 to 675 4G>5G polymorphism showed significant association with ischemic stroke. For the tPA CC/PAI-1 4G4G genotype combination, a protective effect was observed. Collectively, these results are consistent with a more complex role for tPA and PAI-1 in the brain as compared with the heart.
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| 6. |
- Sandvik, Camilla, et al.
(author)
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Personal, social and environmental factors regarding fruit and vegetable intake among schoolchildren in nine European countries
- 2005
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In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 49:4, s. 255-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Children in Europe are consuming less fruit and vegetables than recommended. Knowledge about the potential determinants of fruit and vegetable intake is vital to understand discrepancies in intake and to guide interventions. The aim of the present study was to assess personal, social and environmental factors regarding fruit and vegetable intake among 11- to 12-year-old children in Europe.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken, with nationally or regionally representative samples of in total 13,305 children (mean age 11.4 years) from nine European countries. Pupils in the classroom completed a self-administered questionnaire measuring fruit and vegetable intake and personal, social and environmental factors during one school lesson. Age-adjusted covariance analyses were carried out by gender, for the full sample and for each country separately. Proportions responding positively to the constructs are presented.RESULTS: Overall, European children held a positive attitude towards fruit and vegetable intake. For some constructs, large between-country differences were found. Children had a more positive attitude towards fruit than towards vegetables, and girls were on average more positive than boys. The children perceived their social environment as supportive towards fruit and vegetable intake. They reported good to very good availability of fruit and vegetables at home. However, availability at school and during leisure time activities seemed to be low, both for fruit and for vegetables.CONCLUSION: A large majority of the children reported positively to the personal and social factors regarding fruit and vegetable intake. As regards availability of fruit and vegetables at school and leisure time, and accessibility of fruit and vegetables at home, there is room for improvement.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Will the truth set them free? Suspects’ strategies during investigative interviews
- 2006
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In: ”3rd meeting of the Nordic Network of research on Psychology and Law” (Turku, Finland).
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research on both investigative interviewing and deception detection has largely overlooked the investigation of guilty and innocent suspects’ strategies when being interviewed. In this study, mock suspects (N = 96) were interviewed by trained interviewers about a mock crime. The lying suspects had committed a mock crime (a theft), whereas the truth-tellers had not. In an extensive post-interview questionnaire, the suspects answered both closed- and open-ended questions. The analytic focus was set on differences between truth-tellers and liars, and statistical tests showed several significant differences: lying suspects experienced the interviews more cognitively demanding than truth-telling suspects; liars had planned the verbal content more, and were less satisfied with their strategy than truth-tellers. Analyses revealed that lying suspects to a higher degree than innocent suspects applied strategies in order to appear truthful. The open-ended answers were subjected to content analyses. Differences between liars and truth-tellers were found for a number of items, such as reasons for not having a strategy and in the strategy chosen. Lying suspects reported diverse strategies (most often avoid lying and telling the truth as much as possible), whereas truth-telling suspects reported the strategy to tell the truth like it had happened, indicating a belief in the visibility of innocence. Furthermore, differences were found for what the suspects did in order to make the statement appear reliable, and if there was anything in the statements that signalled truth and deception, respectively. Both theoretical – the psychology of guilt and innocence – and applied aspects of the findings are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Tinivella, Federico, et al.
(author)
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Control of seed-borne pathogens on legumes by microbial and other alternative seed treatments
- 2009
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In: European journal of plant pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 123:2, s. 139-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Greenhouse trials were carried out in order to test the efficacy of different seed treatments as alternatives to chemicals against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum cause of anthracnose on bean and Ascochyta spp. cause of Ascochyta blights on pea, respectively. Resistance inducers, commercially formulated microorganisms, non-formulated selected strains of different microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and yeasts) and plant extracts were applied as dry or liquid seed treatments on naturally infested seeds. Seedling emergence and disease incidence and/or severity were recorded. Almost all seed treatments turned out to be ineffective in controlling the Ascochyta infections, which is in line with the literature stating that these pathogens are difficult to control. The only alternative treatments that gave some control of Ascochyta spp. were thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea. The resistance inducers tested successfully controlled infections of bean by C. lindemuthianum. Among the formulated microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis-based formulations provided the best protection from anthracnose. Some strains of Pseudomonas putida, a disease-suppressive, saprophytic strain of Fusarium oxysporum and the mustard powder-based product Tillecur also proved to be effective against bean anthracnose. However, among the resistance inducers as well as among the other groups, certain agents caused a significant reduction of plant emergence. Different alternative seed treatments can therefore be used for the control of C. lindemuthianum on bean, while on pea only thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea showed some effectiveness against Ascochyta spp.
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| 10. |
- Wolf, Alexandra, et al.
(author)
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Fruit and vegetable intake of mothers of 11-year-old children in nine European countries : the Pro Children Cross-sectional Survey
- 2005
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In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 49:4, s. 246-254
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare fruit and vegetable intakes of mothers of 11-year-old children across Europe.METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 9 European countries in October/November 2003. Self-administered questionnaires assessing fruit and vegetable consumption were used for data collection. The current paper presents dietary intake data obtained by a precoded 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire.RESULTS: The consumption levels of fruit and vegetables (without fruit juice) were in line with World Health Organization recommendations of > or =400 g/day for only 27% of all participating mothers. Based on both instruments, the Pro Children results showed comparatively high average fruit intake levels in Portugal, Denmark and Sweden (211, 203 and 194 g/day) and the lowest intake in Iceland (97 g/day). High vegetable intake levels were found in Portugal and Belgium (169 and 150 g/day), the lowest in Spain (88 g/day). A south-north gradient could not be observed in the Pro Children study.CONCLUSION: Fruit and vegetable intakes are low in mothers of 11-year-olds across Europe. Especially vegetable consumption can be regarded as marginal in most of the studied European countries. A high percentage of mothers indicated to eat fruit and vegetables less than once a day. The results have shown that national and international interventions are necessary to promote fruit and especially vegetable consumption in the European population of mothers.
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| 11. |
- Wolf, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Nonspecific Chronic Orofacial Pain: Studying Patient Experiences and Perspectives with a Qualitative Approach
- 2008
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In: Journal of Orofacial Pain. - 1064-6655 .- 1945-3396. ; 22:4, s. 349-358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To analyze the nonspecific chronic orofacial pain patient's experience of the pain condition and to gain knowledge on the complexity of the problem. Methods: Fourteen patients (1 I female, 3 male) aged 21 to 77 years were selected among those referred to a specialist clinic. All selected patients agreed to participate. Data were obtained through thematic in-depth interviews that exposed the context of the orofacial pain condition. The 2 interviews with each patient were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The text material was analyzed using a qualitative research strategy based on phenomenology. Results: The essence of the chronic orofacial pain was expressed by the patients as something that eludes perception and comprehension. The pain was difficult to grasp and to communicate, The consequence of the pain was experienced by the patients as to be stricken by the pain and was expressed as living a life permeated by hopelessness, resignation, and a lack of faith. Conclusion: The patients in this study experienced their chronic orofacial pain to have no limits and to repressively permeate all aspects of their existence: social, practical, and emotional. J OROFAC PAIN 2008;22:349-358
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| 12. |
- Wolf, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Patients' experiences of consultations for nonspecific chronic orofacial pain: A phenomenological study
- 2006
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In: Journal of Orofacial Pain. - 1064-6655 .- 1945-3396. ; 20:3, s. 226-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To use a qualitative research study to analyze the experiences of patients with nonspecific chronic orofacial pain with respect to consultations for their pain condition. Methods: Fourteen patients (11 women and 3 men; age range, 21 to 77 years) were strategically selected through a purposive sampling of the chronic orofacial pain patients referred to the Orofacial Pain Unit at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden. A qualitative research strategy based on phenomenological philosophy was chosen. Thematic in-depth interviews were conducted twice with each patient in order to expose the context of the orofacial pain condition. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The text material was analyzed to determine the attitude of the patients concerning their experience from the consultations. Results: All selected patients consented to participate. The patients expressed dissatisfaction with the consultations and related many examples of poor communication and understanding. The patients also felt a great need to be taken care of and expressed contradictory statements concerning pain improvement. Conclusion: The results suggest that the communication between the patients and the care providers was unsatisfactory and that the patients were limited in their ability to develop a personal coping strategy.
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| 13. |
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