| 1. |
- Ma, Tao, et al.
(author)
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Genomic insights into salt adaptation in a desert poplar
- 2013
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2797-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the genomic evolution of trees under salt stress remains very limited. Here we report the genome sequence of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which exhibits high tolerance to salt stress. Its genome is very similar and collinear to that of the closely related mesophytic congener, P. trichocarpa. However, we find that several gene families likely to be involved in tolerance to salt stress contain significantly more gene copies within the P. euphratica lineage. Furthermore, genes showing evidence of positive selection are significantly enriched in functional categories related to salt stress. Some of these genes, and others within the same categories, are significantly upregulated under salt stress relative to their expression in another salt-sensitive poplar. Our results provide an important background for understanding tree adaptation to salt stress and facilitating the genetic improvement of cultivated poplars for saline soils.
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| 2. |
- Aydin, Osman, et al.
(author)
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EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D 4.1 Summary on preliminary trade-off investigations and first set of potential network-level solutions
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- METIS WP4 covers research activities in network-level aspects of the advancement of wireless network technologies towards the year 2020 and beyond. The aim is to develop novel network-level technology concepts to address the challenges foreseen in future scenarios with regard to interference, traffic and mobility management issues. Moreover, another task of this work package is to propose functional enablers which can support the above potential solutions.This document provides* a report of the ongoing progress in WP4 regarding the research topics agreed upon in IR 4.1,* a high level description of the proposed concepts and approaches adopted by different partners.More specifically, the document describes, first set of potential network-level solutions and presents some first research results in order to position them with regards to the state of the art approaches. It also gives an overview of research activities to be considered later in WP4.
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| 3. |
- Aydin, Osman, et al.
(author)
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EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D4.2 Final report on trade-off investigations
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research activities in METIS WP4 include several aspects related to the network-level of future wireless communication networks. Thereby, a large variety of scenarios is considered and solutions are proposed to serve the needs envisioned for the year 2020 and beyond. This document provides vital findings about several trade-offs that need to be leveraged when designing future network-level solutions. In more detail, it elaborates on the following trade-offs:• Complexity vs. Performance improvement• Centralized vs. Decentralized• Long time-scale vs. Short time-scale• Information Interflow vs. Throughput/Mobility enhancement• Energy Efficiency vs. Network Coverage and CapacityOutlining the advantages and disadvantages in each trade-off, this document serves as a guideline for the application of different network-level solutions in different situations and therefore greatly assists in the design of future communication network architectures.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Zhe, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Thermal Effect on Residual Stresses of Broached Inconel 718
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inconel 718 is a nickel based superalloy that is widely used as a turbine disc material in gas turbine industries. This study details the effect of thermal exposure on the residual stresses produced when broaching Inconel 718. The chosen parameters for broaching in this study are similar to those used when manufacturing turbine discs. The broaching operation produced a high level of tensile residual stresses at the broached surface. A layer with tensile residual stresses was formed in the sub-surface region, followed by a layer several times thicker with compressive residual stresses. Thermal exposure was conducted at 550 °C. The depth distributions of residual stresses after thermal exposure are presented and discussed in this paper. Complete relaxation of the surface tensile residual stresses was observed after 30 h thermal exposure, whereas the 3000 h thermal exposure influenced both the surface and sub-surface residual stress states.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Zhe, et al.
(author)
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ECCI and EBSD study of subsurface damages in high speed turning of inconel 718 under different tools and machining parameters
- 2013
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In: 13th International Conference on Fracture 2013, ICF 2013. - 9781629933696 ; 6, s. 4697-4704
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inconel 718 is a Ni-based superalloy that can perform excellently at elevated temperatures. However, surface and subsurface damages in the form of microstructural and property changes and tensile residual stresses are common in a machined Inconel 718 component because of its poor machinability. Such damages have a significant influence on performance and the life time of the part. To characterise microstructural damages and understand how they are correlated to machining conditions are not only important for the evaluation of surface integrity but also for the optimization of machining operations to minimise effects from the machining process. This paper uses the ECCI (electron channelling contrast imaging) and EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction) methods to study the effect of cutting tools and cutting speeds on subsurface plastic deformation of machined Inconel 718. When turning at 200 m/min, a comparable level of plastic deformation was found under the surface machined with uncoated cubic boron nitride (CBN), titanium nitride coated CBN and whisker reinforced alumina (WRA). With an increase in cutting speed, the plastic deformation depth increased, and uncoated CBN tools showed superior performance in term of subsurface microstructure alterations compared to the other tool materials.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Chen, Zhe, et al.
(author)
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Effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and nano-hardness of broached Inconel 718
- 2014
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In: MATEC Web of Conferences Vol. 14 (2014) EUROSUPERALLOYS 2014 – 2<sup>nd</sup> European Symposium on Superalloys and their Applications. - Les Ulis, France : E D P Sciences. ; 14, s. 08002-08002
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inconel 718 is a high strength, heat resistant superalloy that is used extensively for components in hot sections of gas turbine engines. This paper presents an experimental study on the thermal stability of broached Inconel 718 in terms of microstructure and nano-hardness. The broaching process used in this study is similar to that used in gas turbine industries for machining fir-tree root fixings on turbine discs. Severe plastic deformation was found under the broached surface. The plastic deformation induces a work-hardened layer in the subsurface region with a thickness of ∼50 μm. Thermal exposure was conducted at two temperatures, 550 ∘C and 650 ∘C respectively, for 300 h. Recrystallization occurs in the surface layer during thermal exposure at 550 ∘C and α-Cr precipitates as a consequence of the growth of recrystallized δ phases. More recrystallized grains with a larger size form in the surface layer and the α-Cr not only precipitates in the surface layer, but also in the sub-surface region when the thermal exposure temperature goes up to 650 ∘C. The thermal exposure leads to an increase in nano-hardness both in the work-hardened layer and in the bulk material due to the coarsening of the main strengthening phase γ′′.
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| 8. |
- Zhou, Jinming, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of subsurface microstructure and residual stresses in machined Inconel 718 with PCBN and Al2O3-SiCw tools
- 2014
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 13, s. 150-155, s. 150-155
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Subsurface microstructural alterations and residual stresses caused by machining significantly affect component lifetime and performance by influencing fatigue, creep, and stress corrosion cracking resistance. Assessing the surface quality of a machined part by characterizing subsurface microstructural alterations and residual stresses is essential for ensuring part performance and lifetime in aero-engines and power generators. This comparative study characterizes and analyzes subsurface microstructural alterations and residual stresses in Inconel 718 subjected to high-speed machining with PCBN and whisker-reinforced ceramic cutting tools. Effects of cutting tool materials and microgeometry on subsurface deformation, microstructural alterations, and residual stresses were investigated. Surface and subsurface regions of machined specimens were investigated using X-ray diffraction, electron channeling contrast imaging, and electron back-scatter diffraction to characterize microstructural alterations and measure deformation intensity and depth. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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