| 1. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, et al.
(author)
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User Experience in Social Human-Robot Interaction
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence (IJACI). - : I G I Global. - 1941-6237 .- 1941-6245. ; 8:2, s. 12-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Socially interactive robots are expected to have an increasing importance in human society. For social robots to provide long-term added value to people’s lives, it is of major importance to stressthe need for positive user experience (UX) of such robots. The human-centered view emphasizes various aspects that emerge in the interaction between humans and robots. However, a positive UX does not appear by itself but has to be designed for and evaluated systematically. In this paper, the focus is on the role and relevance of UX in human-robot interaction (HRI) and four trends concerning the role and relevance of UX related to socially interactive robots are identified, and three challenges related to its evaluation are also presented. It is argued that current research efforts and directions are not sufficient in HRI research, and that future research needs to further address interdisciplinary research in order to achieve long-term success of socially interactive robots.
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| 2. |
- Billing, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Finding Your Way from the Bed to the Kitchen: Reenacting and Recombining Sensorimotor Episodes Learned from Human Demonstration
- 2016
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In: Frontiers in Robotics and Ai. - Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-9144. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several simulation theories have been proposed as an explanation for how humans and other agents internalize an "inner world" that allows them to simulate interactions with the external real world - prospectively and retrospectively. Such internal simulation of interaction with the environment has been argued to be a key mechanism behind mentalizing and planning. In the present work, we study internal simulations in a robot acting in a simulated human environment. A model of sensory-motor interactions with the environment is generated from human demonstrations and tested on a Robosoft Kompai robot. The model is used as a controller for the robot, reproducing the demonstrated behavior. Information from several different demonstrations is mixed, allowing the robot to produce novel paths through the environment, toward a goal specified by top-down contextual information. The robot model is also used in a covert mode, where the execution of actions is inhibited and perceptions are generated by a forward model. As a result, the robot generates an internal simulation of the sensory-motor interactions with the environment. Similar to the overt mode, the model is able to reproduce the demonstrated behavior as internal simulations. When experiences from several demonstrations are combined with a top-down goal signal, the system produces internal simulations of novel paths through the environment. These results can be understood as the robot imagining an "inner world" generated from previous experience, allowing it to try out different possible futures without executing actions overtly. We found that the success rate in terms of reaching the specified goal was higher during internal simulation, compared to overt action. These results are linked to a reduction in prediction errors generated during covert action. Despite the fact that the model is quite successful in terms of generating covert behavior toward specified goals, internal simulations display different temporal distributions compared to their overt counterparts. Links to human cognition and specifically mental imagery are discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cai, Haibin, et al.
(author)
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Sensing-enhanced Therapy System for Assessing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Feasibility Study
- 2019
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In: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:4, s. 1508-1518
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is evident that recently reported robot-assisted therapy systems for assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) lack autonomous interaction abilities and require significant human resources. This paper proposes a sensing system that automatically extracts and fuses sensory features such as body motion features, facial expressions, and gaze features, further assessing the children behaviours by mapping them to therapist-specified behavioural classes. Experimental results show that the developed system has a capability of interpreting characteristic data of children with ASD, thus has the potential to increase the autonomy of robots under the supervision of a therapist and enhance the quality of the digital description of children with ASD. The research outcomes pave the way to a feasible machine-assisted system for their behaviour assessment. IEEE
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Esteban, Pablo G., et al.
(author)
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How to Build a Supervised Autonomous System for Robot-Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2017
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In: Paladyn - Journal of Behavioral Robotics. - : De Gruyter Open. - 2080-9778 .- 2081-4836. ; 8:1, s. 18-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through remote control of the robot in so-called Wizard of Oz (WoZ) paradigms.However, there is a need to increase the autonomy of the robot both to lighten the burden on human therapists (who have to remain in control and, importantly, supervise the robot) and to provide a consistent therapeutic experience. This paper seeks to provide insight into increasing the autonomy level of social robots in therapy to move beyond WoZ. With the final aim of improved human-human social interaction for the children, this multidisciplinary research seeks to facilitate the use of social robots as tools in clinical situations by addressing the challenge of increasing robot autonomy.We introduce the clinical framework in which the developments are tested, alongside initial data obtained from patients in a first phase of the project using a WoZ set-up mimicking the targeted supervised-autonomy behaviour. We further describe the implemented system architecture capable of providing the robot with supervised autonomy.
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| 7. |
- Petrovych, Veronika, 1990-, et al.
(author)
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Human Interpretation of Goal-Directed Autonomous Car Behavior
- 2018
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In: COGSCI2018 Changing / minds, 40th annual cognitive science society meeting, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, July 25-28. - Victoria, British Columbia : Cognitive Science Society. - 9780991196784 ; , s. 2235-2240
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- People increasingly interact with different types of autonomous robotic systems, ranging from humanoid social robots to driverless vehicles. But little is known about how people interpret the behavior of such systems, and in particular if and how they attribute cognitive capacities and mental states to them. In a study concerning people’s interpretations of autonomous car behavior, building on our previous research on human-robot interaction, participants were presented with (1) images of cars – either with or without a driver – exhibiting various goal-directed traffic behaviors, and (2) brief verbal descriptions of that behavior. They were asked to rate the extent to which these behaviors were intentional and judge the plausibility of different types of causal explanations. The results indicate that people (a) view autonomous car behavior as goal-directed, (b) discriminate between intentional and unintentional autonomous car behaviors, and (c) view the causes of autonomous and human traffic behaviors similarly, in terms of both intentionality ascriptions and behavior explanations. However, there was considerably lower agreement in participant ratings of the driverless behaviors, which might indicate an increased difficulty in interpreting goal-directed behavior of autonomous systems.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
-
Proceedings of the 14th SweCog Conference : Linköping 2018, 11-12 October
- 2018
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Editorial proceedings (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Welcome to SweCog 2018 in Linköping!This booklet contains the program and short papers for oral and poster presentations at SweCog 2018, this year’s edition of the annual conference of the Swedish Cognitive Science Society. Following the SweCog tradition and its aim to support networking among researchers in cognitive science and related areas, contributions cover a wide spectrum of research.A trend in recent years, also reflected in this year’s conference program, is an increasing number of contributions that deal with different types of autonomous technologies, such as social robots, virtual agents or automated vehicles, and in particular people’s interaction with such systems. This clearly is a growing research area of high societal relevance, where cognitive science - with its interdisciplinary and human-centered approach - can make significant contributions.We look forward to two exciting days in Linköping, and we thank the many people who have contributed to the organization of this year’s SweCog conference, in particular of course all authors and reviewers! The organization of SweCog 2018 has been supported by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the Department of Culture Communication (IKK), and the Department of Computer Information Science (IDA) at Linköpping University, as well as Cambio Healthcare Systems and Visual Sweden.Tom Ziemke, Mattias Arvola, Nils Dahlbäc and Erik Billing
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Richardson, Kathleen, et al.
(author)
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Robot Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism (DREAM) : A Social Model of Autism
- 2018
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In: IEEE technology & society magazine. - : IEEE. - 0278-0097 .- 1937-416X. ; 37:1, s. 30-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of social robots for children with autism has been a growth field for the past 15 years. This article reviews studies in robots and autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts socialcommunication development, and the ways social robots could help children with autism develop social skills. Drawing on ethics research from the EU-funded Development of Robot-Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism (DREAM) project (framework 7), this paper explores how ethics evolves and developed in this European project.
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| 13. |
- Thellman, Sam, et al.
(author)
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Folk-Psychological Interpretation of Human vs. Humanoid Robot Behavior : Exploring the Intentional Stance toward Robots
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- People rely on shared folk-psychological theories when judging behavior. These theories guide people's social interactions and therefore need to be taken into consideration in the design of robots and other autonomous systems expected to interact socially with people. It is, however, not yet clear to what degree the mechanisms that underlie people's judgments of robot behavior overlap or differ from the case of human or animal behavior. To explore this issue, participants (N = 90) were exposed to images and verbal descriptions of eight different behaviors exhibited either by a person or a humanoid robot. Participants were asked to rate the intentionality, controllability and desirability of the behaviors, and to judge the plausibility of seven different types of explanations derived from a recently proposed psychological model of lay causal explanation of human behavior. Results indicate: substantially similar judgments of human and robot behavior, both in terms of (1a) ascriptions of intentionality/controllability/desirability and in terms of (1b) plausibility judgments of behavior explanations; (2a) high level of agreement in judgments of robot behavior -(2b) slightly lower but still largely similar to agreement over human behaviors; (3) systematic differences in judgments concerning the plausibility of goals and dispositions as explanations of human vs. humanoid behavior. Taken together, these results suggest that people's intentional stance toward the robot was in this case very similar to their stance toward the human.
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| 14. |
- Thellman, Sam, et al.
(author)
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Lay causal explanations of human vs. humanoid behavior
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319674018 - 9783319674001 ; , s. 433-436
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study used a questionnaire-based method for investigating people's interpretations of behavior exhibited by a person and a humanoid robot, respectively. Participants were given images and verbal descriptions of different behaviors and were asked to judge the plausibility of seven causal explanation types. Results indicate that human and robot behavior are explained similarly, but with some significant differences, and with less agreement in the robot case.
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| 15. |
- Thellman, Sam, et al.
(author)
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Social attitudes toward robots are easily manipulated
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450348850 ; , s. 299-300
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participants in a study concerning social attitudes toward robots were randomly assigned a questionnaire form displaying a non-, semi- or highly anthropomorphic robot as a hidden intervention. Results indicate that asking people about their attitudes toward "robots" in general -- as done in some studies -- is questionable, given that (a) outcomes can vary significantly depending on the type of robot they have in mind, and (b) it is therefore easy to intentionally or unintentionally manipulate results by priming respondents with positive or negative examples.
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| 16. |
- Thellman, Sam, et al.
(author)
-
Social Attitudes Toward Robots are Easily Manipulated
- 2017
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In: HRI’17. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450348850 ; , s. 299-300
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participants in a study concerning social attitudes toward robots were randomly assigned a questionnaire form displaying a non-, semi- or highly anthropomorphic robot as a hidden intervention. Results indicate that asking people about their attitudes toward "robots" in general -- as done in some studies -- is questionable, given that (a) outcomes can vary significantly depending on the type of robot they have in mind, and (b) it is therefore easy to intentionally or unintentionally manipulate results by priming respondents with positive or negative examples.
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| 17. |
- Thellman, Sam, et al.
(author)
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The Intentional Stance Toward Robots : Conceptual and Methodological Considerations
- 2019
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In: CogSci'19. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. - : Cognitive Science Society, Inc.. - 0991196775 - 9780991196777 ; , s. 1097-1103
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that people tend to anthropomorphize in interpretationsand explanations of the behavior of robots and otherinteractive artifacts. Scientific discussions of this phenomenontend to confuse the overlapping notions of folk psychology,theory of mind, and the intentional stance. We provide a clarificationof the terminology, outline different research questions,and propose a methodology for making progress in studyingthe intentional stance toward robots empirically.
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| 18. |
- Thellman, Sam, et al.
(author)
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What Is It Like to Be a Bot? : Toward More Immediate Wizard-of-Oz Control in Social Human–Robot Interaction
- 2017
-
In: HAI 2017 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction. - New York, NY. : ACM Press. - 9781450351133 ; , s. 435-438
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several Wizard-of-Oz techniques have been developed to make robots appear autonomous and more social in human-robot interaction. Many of the existing solutions use control interfaces that introduce significant time delays and hamper the robot operator's ability to produce socially appropriate responses in real time interactions. We present work in progress on a novel wizard control interface designed to overcome these limitations:a motion tracking-based system which allows the wizard to act as if he or she is the robot. The wizard sees the other through the robot's perspective, and uses his or her own bodily movements to control it. We discuss potential applications and extensions of this system, and conclude by discussing possible methodological advantages and disadvantages.
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| 19. |
- Thill, Serge, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Intentions in Human-Robot Interaction
- 2017
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In: HRI’17. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450348850 ; , s. 427-428
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To be able to understand the intentions of other agents is a fundamental prerequisite for engaging in, for instance, instrumental helping or mutual collaboration. In HRI, the challenge is bi-directional: not only does a robot need the ability to infer intentions of humans, but humans also need to infer the intentions of the robot. It is therefore important to be clear about the theoretical frameworks and inherent assumptions underlying technological implementations related to mutual intention understanding. This remains very much an active research area in which further development is necessary. The core purpose of this workshop is to advance the state of the art in this area.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Thunberg, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Don't Judge a Book by its Cover : A Study of the Social Acceptance of NAO vs. Pepper
- 2017
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In an explorative study concerning the social acceptance of two specific humanoid robots, the experimenter asked participants (N = 36) to place a book in an adjacent room. Upon entering the room, participants were confronted by a NAO or a Pepper robot expressing persistent opposition against the idea of placing the book in the room. On average, 72% of participants facing NAO complied with the robot's requests and returned the book to the experimenter. The corresponding figure for the Pepper robot was 50%, which shows that the two robot morphologies had a different effect on participants' social behavior. Furthermore, results from a post-study questionnaire (GODSPEED) indicated that participants perceived NAO as more likable, intelligent, safe and lifelike than Pepper. Moreover, participants used significantly more positive words and fewer negative words to describe NAO than Pepper in an open-ended interview. There was no statistically significant difference between conditions in participants' negative attitudes toward robots in general, as assessed using the NARS questionnaire.
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| 22. |
- Thunberg, Sofia, 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of PICTIVE as a User-Centered Design Method in Human-Robot Interaction
- 2019
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In: 1st Edition of Quality of Interaction in Socially Assistive Robots (QISAR) Workshop.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Interaction between humans and interactive robots will benefit if people have a clear mental model of the robots' intent and situation awareness. But how do we design human-robot interactions to achieve this? Previous research has shown that one can change people's mental models of robots by manipulating the robot's physical appearance, but this has often not been done in a user-centered way, i.e. that interactions are not created based on what users need and want. We tested how a participatory design method, PICTIVE, could be used to extract design ideas about how a humanoid robot could communicate intent and awareness. Five participants went through three phases: label, sketch and interview; based on eight scenarios, from the state-of-the-art tasks in the RoboCup@Home challenge. The results show that participatory design can be a suitable method to create design concepts in HRI.
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| 23. |
- Ziemke, Tom, 1969-
(author)
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Czym jest to, co zwiemy ucieleśnieniem? : (What's that Thing Called Embodiment?)
- 2015
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In: AVANT - Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies. - Warsaw, Poland : Osrodek Badan Filozoficznych. - 2082-6710. ; VI:3, s. 161-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ucieleśnienie stało się ważnym pojęciem wielu obszarów kognitywistyki. Jednakróżnie określa się, czym ono dokładnie jest i jakiego rodzaju ciała wymagasię dla określonego typu poznania ucieleśnionego. Stąd chociaż wiele osóbzgodziłoby się dzisiaj, że ludzie są ucieleśnionymi podmiotami poznającymi,nie ma pełnej zgody co do tego, jakiego rodzaju artefakt można uznać za ucieleśniony.W tym artykule wyróżniamy i zestawiamy sześć różnych pojęć ucieleśnienia,które z grubsza można scharakteryzować jako: (1) sprzężenie strukturalnemiędzy podmiotem [agent] a środowiskiem, (2) ucieleśnienie historycznejako coś, co wynika z historii sprzężenia strukturalnego, (3) ucieleśnieniefizyczne, (4) ucieleśnienie organizmoidalne, czyli dotyczące organizmopodobnychform cielesnych (na przykład robotów humanoidalnych), (5) ucieleśnienieorganizmowe autopojetycznych, żywych systemów oraz (6) ucieleśnieniespołeczne.
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