| 1. |
- Andrews, Johanna Y., et al.
(author)
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Umbilical cord-cutting practices and place of delivery in Bangladesh
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 114:1, s. 43-6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate place of delivery, umbilical cord-cutting instruments used, and substances applied to the cord stump in Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional data analysis was performed on a nationally representative sample of 4925 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with at least 1 child.Results: More than 80% of women delivered at home. In 6% of cases, blades from a clean-delivery kit (CDK) were used to cut the cord; in 90% of cases, the blades used were from another source; in 4% of cases, other instruments such as bamboo strips and scissors were used to cut the cord. In 51% of cases, a substance (e.g. antibiotic powder/ointment, alcohol/spirit, mustard oil with garlic, boric powder, turmeric, and chewed rice) was applied to the stump after the cord was cut.Conclusion: The present findings underscore the need for further advocacy, availability, and use of cord-cutting instruments from CDKs, especially for deliveries that occur outside healthcare facilities.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andric, Jelena, 1979, et al.
(author)
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A particle-level rigid fiber model for high-Reynolds number flow, implemented in a general-purpose CFD code
- 2013
-
In: 8th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2013, Korea.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A particle-level rigid fiber model has been integrated into a general-purpose, open source computational fluid dynamics code to carry out detailed studies of fiber–flow interactions in realistic flow fields. The fibers are modeled as chains of cylindrical segments, and their translational and rotational degrees of freedom are considered. The equations of motion contain the contributions from hydrodynamic forces and torques, and the segment inertia is taken into account. The model is validated for the rotational motion of isolated fibers in simple shear flow, and the computed period of rotation is in good agreement with the one computed using Jeffery’s equation for a prolate spheroid with an equivalent aspect ratio. The model is applied by suspending a number of fibers in the swirling flow of a conical diffuser, resembling one stage in the dry-forming of pulp mats. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with an eddy-viscosity turbulence model are employed to describe the fluid motion, and a one-way coupling between the fibers and the fluid phase is included. The dependence of the fiber motion on initial position and density is analyzed.
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| 5. |
- Andric, Jelena, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
A study of a flexible fiber model and its behavior in DNS of turbulent channel flow
- 2013
-
In: Acta Mechanica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-5970 .- 1619-6937. ; 224:10, s. 2359-2374
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamics of individual flexible fibers in a turbulent flow field have been analyzed, varying their initial position, density and length. A particlelevel fiber model has been integrated into a general-purpose, open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. The fibers are modeled as chains of cylindrical segments connected by ball and socket joints. The equations of motion of the fibers contain the inertia of the segments, the contributions from hydrodynamic forces and torques, and the connectivity forces at the joints. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is used to describe the fluid flow in a plane channel and a one-way coupling is considered between the fibers and the fluid phase. We investigate the translational motion of fibers by considering the mean square displacement of their trajectories. We find that the fiber motion is primarily governed by velocity correlations of the flow fluctuations. In addition, we show that there is a clear tendency of the thread-like fibers to evolve into complex geometrical configurations in a turbulent flow field, in fashion similar to random conformations of polymer strands subjected to thermal fluctuations in a suspension. Finally, we show that fiber inertia has a significant impact on reorientation time-scales of fibers suspended in a turbulent flow field.
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| 6. |
- Andrić, J., et al.
(author)
-
Description and validation of a flexible fiber model, implemented in a general purpose CFD code
- 2013
-
In: Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Multiphase Flow.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A flexible fiber model has been implemented in a general purpose open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics code. The fibers are modeled as chains of cylindrical segments, and all the degrees of freedom necessary to realistically reproduce the dynamics of real fibers, are taken into account. Each segment is tracked individually and their equations of motion account for the hydrodynamic forces and torques from the interaction with the fluid, the elastic bending and twisting torques, and the connectivity forces and moments that ensure the fiber integrity. The segment inertia is taken into account and a one-way coupling with the fluid phase is considered. The model is applied to simulate the rotational motion of an isolated fiber in a low segment Reynolds number shear flow. In the case of a stiff fiber, the computed period of rotation is in good agreement with the one computed using Jeffery’s equation for an equivalent spheroid aspect ratio. A qualitative comparison is made with experimental data for flexible fibers. Further, a generic test case is described and used to validate the energy conservation and the response time of the fiber model concept. These results show that the implemented model can reproduce the known dynamical behavior of rigid and flexible fibers successfully.
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| 7. |
- Aremu, Olatunde, et al.
(author)
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Childhood vitamin A capsule supplementation coverage in Nigeria : a multilevel analysis of geographic and socioeconomic inequities.
- 2010
-
In: Scientific World Journal. - Berkshire, UK : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 10, s. 1901-1914
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a huge public health burden among preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa, and is associated with a high level of susceptibility to infectious diseases and pediatric blindness. We examined the Nigerian national vitamin A capsule (VAC) supplementation program, a short-term cost-effective intervention for prevention of VAD-associated morbidity for equity in terms of socioeconomic and geographic coverage. Using the most current, nationally representative data from the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, we applied multilevel regression analysis on 19,555 children nested within 888 communities across the six regions of Nigeria. The results indicate that there was variability in uptake of VAC supplement among the children, which could be attributed to several characteristics at individual, household, and community levels. Individual-level characteristics, such as maternal occupation, were shown to be associated with receipt of VAC supplement. The results also reveal that household wealth status is the only household-level characteristic that is significantly associated with receipt of VAC, while neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and geographic location were the community-level characteristics that determined receipt of VAC. The findings from this study have shown that both individual and contextual socioeconomic status, together with geographic location, is important for uptake of VAC. These findings underscore the need to accord the VAC supplementation program the much needed priority with focus on characteristics of neighborhoods (communities), in addition to individual-level characteristics.
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| 8. |
- Aremu, Olatunde, et al.
(author)
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Socio-economic determinants in selecting childhood diarrhoea treatment options in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel model
- 2011
-
In: ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS. - London, UK : BioMed Central. - 1720-8424 .- 1824-7288. ; 37:13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ackground: Diarrhoea disease which has been attributed to poverty constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children aged five and below in most low-and-middle income countries. This study sought to examine the contribution of individual and neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics to caregivers treatment choices for managing childhood diarrhoea at household level in sub-Saharan Africa. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to Demographic and Health Survey data conducted in 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The unit of analysis were the 12,988 caregivers of children who were reported to have had diarrhoea two weeks prior to the survey period. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: There were variability in selecting treatment options based on several socioeconomic characteristics. Multilevel-multinomial regression analysis indicated that higher level of education of both the caregiver and that of the partner, as well as caregivers occupation were associated with selection of medical centre, pharmacies and home care as compared to no treatment. In contrast, caregivers partners occupation was negatively associated with selection medical centre and home care for managing diarrhoea. In addition, a low-level of neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage was significantly associated with selection of both medical centre and pharmacy stores and medicine vendors. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: In the light of the findings from this study, intervention aimed at improving on care seeking for managing diarrhoea episode and other childhood infectious disease should jointly consider the influence of both individual SEP and the level of economic development of the communities in which caregivers of these children resides.
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| 9. |
- Bakker, Henriëtte E, et al.
(author)
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Geometry- and rate-dependent adhesive failure of micropatterned surfaces
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 24:6, s. 065103-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamic nature of adhesive interface failure remains poorly understood, especially when the contact between the two surfaces is localized in microscopic points of adhesion. Here, we explore the dynamic failure of adhesive interfaces composed of a large number of micron-sized pillars against glass. Surprisingly, we find a large influence of the microcontact geometry; ordered arrays of these pillars exhibit significantly stronger adhesive properties than equivalent surfaces in which the pillars are disordered. This can be understood with a simple geometric argument that accounts for the number of adhesive bonds that needs to be broken simultaneously to propagate the crack front. Moreover, the adhesive strength in both cases depends largely on the velocity with which the surfaces are separated. This rate dependence is explained on the basis of a semi-phenomenological model that describes macroscopic failure as a consequence of microscopic bond-rupture events. Our results suggest that the dynamics of adhesive failure, in the limit explored here, is predominantly stress-driven and highly sensitive to local geometry effects.
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| 10. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Assessment and management of risk for intimate partner violence by police officers using the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide
- 2012
-
In: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 36:1, s. 60-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a crime that is present in all countries, seriously impacts victims, and demands a great deal of time and resources from the criminal justice system. The current study examined the use of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide, 2nd ed. (SARA; Kropp, Hart, Webster, & Eaves, 1995), a structured professional judgment risk assessment and management tool for IPV, by police officers in Sweden over a follow-up of 18 months. SARA risk assessments had significant predictive validity with respect to risk management recommendations made by police, as well as with recidivism as indexed by subsequent contacts with police. Risk management mediated the association between risk assessment and recidivism: High levels of intervention were associated with decreased recidivism in high risk cases, but with increased recidivism in low risk cases. The findings support the potential utility of police-based risk assessment and management of IPV, and in particular the belief that appropriately structured risk assessment and management decisions can prevent violence.
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| 11. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Measuring the outcome of structured spousal violence risk assessments using the B-SAFER : risk in relation to recidivism and intervention
- 2012
-
In: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 30:4, s. 420-430
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, 216 risk assessments conducted by law enforcement officers in a suburb of Stockholm using the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) were followed up and correlated to both recidivism and type of protective actions implemented by the police. The results showed high recidivism rates across all risk categories, except in the highest risk group, where the recidivism rate was significantly lower. This finding suggests a poor, and even negative, predictive power of the police risk assessments: the higher the police-assessed risk, the lower the recidivism rate. However, it was clear that the police did very little, or nothing, in cases not assessed as high risk. All resources appear to have been directed to the high-risk cases, which seems to have had a preventive effect. Our results point to the importance of studying the nature and extent of protective actions taken in response to risk assessment, before drawing conclusions about the predictive validity of risk assessment instruments.
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| 12. |
- Bendtsen, Preben, et al.
(author)
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Hazardous drinking concepts, limits and methods : Low levels of awareness, knowledge and use in the Swedish population
- 2011
-
In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 46:5, s. 638-645
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the awareness and knowledge of hazardous drinking limits among the general population in Sweden and the extent to which people estimate their alcohol consumption in standard drinks to assess their level of drinking. Methods: A population-based study involving 6000 individuals selected from the total Swedish population was performed. Data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire. The mail survey response rate was 54.3% (n = 3200) of the net sample of 5891 persons. Results: With regard to drinking patterns, 10% of the respondents were abstainers, 59% were sensible drinkers and 31% were classified as hazardous drinkers. Most of the abstainers (80%), sensible drinkers (64%) and hazardous drinkers (56%) stated that they had never heard about the standard drink method. Familiarity with the hazardous drinking concept also differed between the three categories although 61% of sensible and hazardous drinkers expressed awareness of the concept (46% of the abstainers). Knowledge about the limits for sensible drinking was very poor. Between 94 and 97% in the three categories did not know the limit. There was a statistically significant association between having visited health care within the last 12 months and being aware of the standard drink method and the hazardous drinking concept, but not with knowing the hazardous drinking limits. Similarly, there was a significant association between having had at least one alcohol conversation in health care within the last 12 months and being aware of the standard drink method and the hazardous drinking concept, but not with knowing the hazardous drinking limits. Conclusion: The results can be seen as a major challenge for the health-care system and public health authorities because they imply that a large proportion of the Swedish population does not know when alcohol consumption becomes a threat to their health. The current strategy to disseminate knowledge about sensible drinking limits to the population through the health-care system seems to have failed and new means of informing the population are warranted. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Bergström, Jan, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Internet-versus group-administered cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in a psychiatric setting : a randomised trial
- 2010
-
In: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 1471-244X. ; 10:54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Internet administered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a promising new way to deliver psychological treatment, but its effectiveness in regular care settings and in relation to more traditional CBT group treatment has not yet been determined. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Internetand group administered CBT for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in a randomised trial within a regular psychiatric care setting. The second aim of the study was to establish the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: Patients referred for treatment by their physician, or self-referred, were telephone-screened by a psychiatric nurse. Patients fulfilling screening criteria underwent an in-person structured clinical interview carried out by a psychiatrist. A total of 113 consecutive patients were then randomly assigned to 10 weeks of either guided Internet delivered CBT (n = 53) or group CBT (n = 60). After treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up, patients were again assessed by the psychiatrist, blind to treatment condition. Results: Immediately after randomization 9 patients dropped out, leaving 104 patients who started treatment. Patients in both treatment conditions showed significant improvement on the main outcome measure, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) after treatment. For the Internet treatment the within-group effect size (pre-post) on the PDSS was Cohen's d = 1.73, and for the group treatment it was d = 1.63. Between group effect sizes were low and treatment effects were maintained at 6-months follow-up. We found no statistically significant differences between the two treatment conditions using a mixed models approach to account for missing data. Group CBT utilised considerably more therapist time than did Internet CBT. Defining effect as proportion of PDSS responders, the cost-effectiveness analysis concerning therapist time showed that Internet treatment had superior cost-effectiveness ratios in relation to group treatment both at post-treatment and follow-up. Conclusions: This study provides support for the effectiveness of Internet CBT in a psychiatric setting for patients with panic disorder, and suggests that it is equally effective as the more widely used group administered CBT in reducing panic-and agoraphobic symptoms, as well as being more cost effective with respect to therapist time.
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| 14. |
- Biswas, Animesh, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Unintentional injuries and parental violence against children during flood : a study in rural Bangladesh.
- 2010
-
In: Rural and remote health. - Deakin West, Australia : Australian Rural Health Education Network. - 1445-6354. ; 10:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Violence and injuries are under-reported in developing countries, especially during natural disasters such as floods. Compounding this, affected areas are isolated from the rest of the country. During 2007 Bangladesh experienced two consecutive floods which affected almost one-third of the country. The objective of this study was to examine unintentional injuries to children in rural Bangladesh and parental violence against them during floods, and also to explore the association of socioeconomic characteristics.Methods: A cross-sectional rural household survey was conducted in the worst flood-affected areas. A group of 638 randomly selected married women of reproductive age with at least one child at home were interviewed face-to-face using pre-tested structured questionnaires. The chi2 test and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: The majority of families (90%) were affected by the flood and were struggling to find food and shelter, resulting in the parents becoming violent towards their children and other family members in the home. Cuts (38%), falls (22%) and near drowning (21%) comprised the majority of unintentional injuries affecting children during the floods. A large number of children were abused by their parents during the floods (70% by mothers and 40% by fathers). The incidence of child injuries and parental violence against children was higher among families living in poor socio-economic conditions, whose parents were of low occupational status and had micro-credit loans during the floods.Conclusions: Floods can have significant effects on childhood injury and parental violence against children. The improvement of socio-economic conditions would assist in preventing child injuries and parental violence.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bryant, Lia, et al.
(author)
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Location and Unlocation : Examining Gender and Telephony through AutoEthnographic Textual and Visual Methods
- 2013
-
In: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 12, s. 403-419
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies on gender and telephony tend to be quantitative and depict the purposes for which women and men use mobile telephones and landlines. Qualitative studies on the topic predominantly rely on face-to-face interviews to examine how telephone use genders space. We suggest these traditional methods of data collection leave unexamined the emotional and social relationships that emerge and are enabled by telephone use which at times reconfigure and gender social spaces. In this article we present a collaborative autoethnographic inquiry based on our own telephone lives. We introduce a reflexive visual and textual methodological design, specifically diary notes, memory work, and photography, developed from our lives as researcher and researched. We examine an important theme in our findings, the physical placement of the telephone and the phone holder’s awareness of the physicality of the telephone, which illustrates the importance of our methodological choices. We show how the placement of the phone by the users both genders space and creates emotional spaces.
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| 17. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, et al.
(author)
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A National Study of the Prevalence and Correlates of Domestic Violence Among Women in India
- 2012
-
In: ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - Thousand Oaks, USA : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1010-5395 .- 1941-2479. ; 24:2, s. 265-277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article estimates the national prevalence rate of domestic violence in India and examines the demographic and socioeconomic status of the victims of domestic violence. The study used the Indian National Family Health Survey 3, a cross-sectional national survey of 124 385 ever-married women of reproductive age from all the 29 member states. chi(2) Analysis and logistic regression were used. Lifetime experiences of violence among respondents were as follows: emotional violence, 14%; less severe physical violence, 31%; severe physical violence, 10%; and sexual violence, 8%. Women of scheduled castes and Muslim religion were most often exposed to domestic violence. Womens poorer economic background, working status, and husbands controlling behavior emerged as strong predictors for domestic violence in India. Elimination of structural inequalities inherent in the indigenous oppressive institutions of religion, caste, and the traditional male hierarchy in society could prevent domestic violence.
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| 18. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, et al.
(author)
-
Economic empowerment of women and utilization of maternal delivery care in Bangladesh
- 2012
-
In: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 3:9, s. 628-636
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Maternal mortality is a major public health problem in low-income countries, such as Bangladesh. Women's empowerment in relation to enhanced utilization of delivery care is underexplored. This study investigates the associations between women's economic empowerment and their utilization of maternal health care services in Bangladesh. Methods: In total, 4925 women (15-49 years of age) with at least one child from whole Bangladesh constituted the study sample. Home delivery without skilled birth attendant and use of institutional delivery services were the main outcome variables used for the analyses. Economic empowerment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, household economic status, and demographic factors were considered as explanatory variables. The chi square test and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were applied at the collected data. Results: In the adjusted model, respondent's and husband's education, household economic status, and residency emerged as important predictors for utilization of delivery care services. In the unadjusted model, economically empowered working and microfinanced women displayed more home delivery. Conclusion: The current study shows that use of delivery care services is associated with socioeconomic development and can be enhanced by societies that focus on general issues such as schooling, economic wellbeing, and gender-based discrimination.
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| 19. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Interactions between microfinance programmes and non-economic empowerment of women associated with intimate partner violence in Bangladesh : a cross-sectional study
- 2013
-
In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 3:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aims to examine the associations between microfinance programme membership and intimate partner violence (IPV) in different socioeconomic strata of a nationally representative sample of women in Bangladesh. Methods: The cross-sectional study was based on a nationally representative interview survey of 11 178 ever-married women of reproductive age (15-49 years). A total of 4465 women who answered the IPV-related questions were analysed separately using chi(2) tests and Cramer's V as a measure of effect size to identify the differences in proportions of exposure to IPV with regard to microfinance programme membership, and demographic variables and interactions between microfinance programme membership and factors related to non-economic empowerment were considered. Results: Only 39% of women were members of microfinance programmes. The prevalence of a history of IPV was 48% for moderate physical violence, 16% for severe physical violence and 16% for sexual violence. For women with secondary or higher education, and women at the two wealthiest levels of the wealth index, microfinance programme membership increased the exposure to IPV two and three times, respectively. The least educated and poorest groups showed no change in exposure to IPV associated with microfinance programmes. The educated women who were more equal with their spouses in their family relationships by participating in decision-making increased their exposure to IPV by membership in microfinance programmes. Conclusions: Microfinance plans are associated with an increased exposure to IPV among educated and empowered women in Bangladesh. Microfinance firms should consider providing information about the associations between microfinance and IPV to the women belonging to the risk groups.
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| 20. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Differences between overachieving and underachieving classes in reading : Teacher, classroom and student characteristics
- 2012
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In: Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-7984 .- 1741-2919. ; 12:4, s. 339-366
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main purpose of this study was to examine the classroom, teacher and student factors distinguishing grade three classes performing at higher levels than expected, in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) and language factors, from classes performing below their potential with regard to the same factors. Data from a standardized reading comprehension test and student and teacher questionnaires covering teacher, classroom and student characteristics were collected. The participants were 1,092 grade three classes and their class teachers, from Stockholm, Sweden. By use of regression and a twin-matching procedure, one group of 94 underachieving classes and another group of 94 overachieving classes were formed for comparison. Data about extended voluntary reading, classroom climate, teacher experience and the use of authentic literature were seen to be the main four indicators discriminating between over- and underachieving classes beyond the impact of SES and language background.
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| 21. |
-
Dolt i offentligheten : nya perspektiv på traditionellt källmaterial
- 2011
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vad vilar i det dolda, vad göms i arkivens vrår? Genom tryckfrihetsförordningen 1766 fick medborgare och historiker tillgång till allmänna handlingar och de senaste hundra åren har offentligt källmaterial använts i nästan alla avhandlingar. Det är tillgängligt, bekvämt och självklart. Sällan ställs kritiska frågor om vad det innebär. Till synes oändliga rader av dokument lockar forskarna att vandra i administrationens fotspår, att undersöka vissa teman. Samtidigt skapar sekretess, privatiseringar och myndigheters gallringar stora tomrum och håligheter. Vad hamnar egentligen i arkiven? Uppsatserna i denna bok behandlar riksdagsprotokollen som trycksak och medium, begreppshistoriska och biografiska frågeställningar, manligt och kvinnligt, historiografi och kommunarkivens rikedom. Tillsammans visar de hur nya perspektiv kan locka fram oväntade svar från bekanta källserier, men också att miljontals gulnade trycksidor och snörbundna dossiersamlingar fortfarande ligger där – orörda.
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| 22. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Environmental Impact Assessments: Suitable for supporting assessments of biofuel sustainability?
- 2011
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The European Union requires that 10% of the energy in the transport sector shall come from renewable sources by 2020. In addition, biofuels used for transport need to fulfill certain sustainability requirements set out in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). To meet these requirements, the EU will need to produce and import large amounts of sustainable biofuels. Therefore, there is a need for ways to verify the sustainability of imported biofuels, so that unsustainable biofuels can be avoided. One strategy may involve analyzing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports (EIRs) conducted for specific biofuel projects. For EIRs to be useful as such information sources they need to be sufficiently comprehensive in relation to the RED but also sufficiently reliable.In this study, 19 biofuel project EIRs are analyzed with respect to how they cover the RED sustainability considerations. In addition, EIA legislation, requirements, quality, and enforcement are discussed to determine not only whether EIRs can be sufficiently comprehensive, but also sufficiently reliable for supporting information to studies intended to assess the sustainability of biofuels, from an RED perspective.Notable differences between EIRs for different types of projects were found. EIRs for projects including both plantation establishment and the construction of a biofuel plant had better RED coverage than EIRs for projects including either the plantations or the biofuel plant. As might be expected, EIAs for “plantation projects” generally leave out features related to biofuel processing, and EIAs for “biofuel plant” projects generally leave out features related to feedstock production.In general, EIA legislation is insufficient and most target countries seem to have rather low potential to enforce legislation. Several additional EIA-related problems need to be overcome in order for EIRs to be regarded as sufficiently reliable information tools.
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| 23. |
- Fall, Andreas B., et al.
(author)
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A physical cross-linking process of cellulose nanofibril gels with shear-controlled fibril orientation
- 2013
-
In: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 9:6, s. 1852-1863
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibrils constitute the smallest fibrous components of wood, with a width of approximately 4 nm and a length in the micrometer range. They consist of aligned linear cellulose chains with crystallinity exceeding 60%, rendering stiff, high-aspect-ratio rods. These properties are advantageous in the reinforcement components of composites. Cross-linked networks of fibrils can be used as templates into which a polymer enters. In the semi-concentrated regime (i.e. slightly above the overlap concentration), carboxy methylated fibrils dispersed in water have been physically cross-linked to form a volume-spanning network (a gel) by reducing the pH or adding salt, which diminishes the electrostatic repulsion between fibrils. By applying shear during or after this gelation process, we can orient the fibrils in a preferred direction within the gel, for the purpose of fully utilizing the high stiffness and strength of the fibrils as reinforcement components. Using these gels as templates enables precise control of the spatial distribution and orientation of the dispersed phase of the composites, optimizing the potentially very large reinforcement capacity of the nanofibrils.
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| 24. |
- Fall, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Colloidal Stability of Aqueous Nanofibrillated Cellulose Dispersions
- 2011
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In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:18, s. 11332-11338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibrils constitute an attractive raw material for carbon-neutral, biodegradable, nanostructured materials. Aqueous suspensions of these nanofibrils are stabilized by electrostatic repulsion arising from deprotonated carboxyl groups at the fibril surface. In the present work, a new model is developed for predicting colloidal stability by considering deprotonation and electrostatic screening. This model predicts the fibril-fibril interaction potential at a given pH in a given ionic strength environment. Experiments support the model predictions that aggregation is induced by decreasing the pH, thus reducing the surface charge, or by increasing the salt concentration. It is shown that the primary mechanism for aggregation upon the addition of salt is the surface charge reduction through specific interactions of counterions with the deprotonated carboxyl groups, and the screening effect of the salt is of secondary importance.
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| 25. |
- Giritli Nygren, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Public e-services from inside : A case study on technology's influence on work conditions in a government agency
- 2013
-
In: International Journal of Public Sector Management. - 0951-3558 .- 1758-6666. ; 26:6, s. 455-468
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the consequences of citizens' increased use of public e-services for agency employees' work situation. Design/methodology/approach: In order to accomplish the purpose of the paper the authors focus on the way in which the increased use of public e-services also implies internal process and routine changes in public administration. The authors analyze work conditions for case officers at a government agency in Sweden by applying occupational ideal types to identify the specific work conditions in the studied case. The case study is based on qualitative data collected with a back office perspective. Findings: The findings indicate a new hybrid organization where the increased use of e-services challenges earlier demands for competence. The transformation of e-government has implications for job codification, rule observation, job specification, and interaction with the general public. Originality/value: The paper extends the knowledge on how the increased use of public e-services affects back-office work conditions, with an increased high level of complexity in work content, but with low level of work autonomy. It argues that studying back-office work conditions is an important management issue in public administration research as well as practice. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
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| 26. |
- Gotoh, Fumiko, et al.
(author)
-
A facilitative effect of negative affective valence on working memory
- 2010
-
In: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 51:3, s. 185-191
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that negatively valenced information impaired working memory performance due to an attention-capturing effect. The present study examined whether negative valence could also facilitate working memory. Affective words (negative, neutral, positive) were used as retro-cues in a working memory task that required participants to remember colors at different spatial locations on a computer screen. Following the cue, a target detection task was used to either shift attention to a different location or keep attention at the same location as the retro-cue. Finally, participants were required to discriminate the cued color from a set of distractors. It was found that negative cues yielded shorter response times (RTs) in the attention-shift condition and longer RTs in the attention-stay condition, compared with neutral and positive cues. The results suggest that negative affective valence may enhance working memory performance (RTs), provided that attention can be disengaged.
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| 27. |
- Granberg, Hjalmar, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamics of moisture interaction with polyelectrolyte multilayers containing nanofibrillated cellulose
- 2012
-
In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27:2, s. 496-499
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent findings have shown that it is possible to use the Layer-by-Layer technique to create nanofibrillated cellulose / polyethyleneimine interference films whose colour change with relative humidity. This study uses different optical models to describe spectral ellipsometry measurements data of interference films and how the film properties alter in dry and humid environments. The results indicate that water condensation initially is filling the surface pores within seconds whereas relaxation of the film to adjust to the added water is a slower process that reaches a steady state after ~20 min. The maximum swelling ratio of the LbL films is almost independent of the number of layers within the film, but decreases considerably by crosslinking via heat treatment. The films show a distinct birefringence with optical axis perpendicular to the surface. Analysis of the moisture response with different optical models indicates that the films swell uniformly in the thickness direction with no separate water film on top. The results provide important understanding for the design of NFC based LbL films for visual moisture sensors and interactive security paper.
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| 28. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
Etnografi
- 2011. - 1
-
In: Perspektiv på Turism & Resande. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144070384
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Turism och resande har blivit ett givet inslag i vår samtid. I den rika delen av världen framstår möjligheten att resa för många som en självklarhet. I den fattiga delen av världen har turismindustrin blivit en allt viktigare inkomstkälla.Det turistiska fältet har dessutom kommit att erkännas som ett ytterst komplext forskningsfält som ger upphov till frågor som är både lokala och globala, och som kan handla om såväl människors drömmar och självförståelse, som mänskliga rättigheter, global ekonomi och internationella politiska relationer.Denna bok närmar sig det turistiska fältet genom en rad analytiska begrepp. Varje kapitel lyfter fram ett bestämt begrepp – däribland makt, plats, etnicitet och transnationalism – diskuterar vad det kan betyda, hur det kan tolkas, och vad just det begreppet kan bidra med för den som vill analysera samtida turism och resande. Bekantskapen med vissa teoretiska begrepp gör att man förmår se saker på det turistiska fältet som tidigare var höljda i dunkel. Samtidigt kan en ökad teoretisk och begreppsmässig kännedom göra att man plötsligt förstår hur komplicerad världen är. På så vis får kanske våra begreppsdiskussioner det turistiska fältet att framstå som ännu mer utmanande och fascinerande.
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| 29. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
Frirummet transformerat till kontrollrum : Skolan och insatser mot "hedersrelaterat" våld
- 2013. - 1
-
In: Den sorterande ordningsmakten. - Malmö : Bokbox Förlag. - 9789186980603 ; , s. 201-224
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Polisforskare talar idag om "den utökade polisfamiljen". Den traditionella polisen kompletteras av kommunala, privata och frivilliga organisationer eller grupperingar. Samtidigt står etniska minoriteter alltmer i centrum för samhällets kontrollapparat. Etnicitet har blivit en delikat fråga för myndigheter.Antologin Den sorterande ordningsmakten uppmärksammar skärningspunkten mellan dessa två processer. På vilka sätt är personers etnicitet föremål för övervakning och polisiär kontroll från polis, vaktbolag, trygghetsarbetare och andra? Vad innebär etnicitet i ett samhälle präglat av en mångfald av polisiära åtgärder, så kallad plural policing?Via olika empiriska undersökningar diskuteras såväl de kontrollerade som kontrollörerna. Ibland utövar ungdomar kontroll i relation till poliser eller ungdomsvårdare, ibland uppfattar sig poliser från etniska minoriteter som övervakade av sina kolleger. Även forskare kan uppfatta sig som kontrollerade i sitt sätt att undersöka och skriva om etnicitet.Antologins författare argumenterar för vikten av att inkludera vidare och mera diffusa former av social kontroll än vad som är gängse i samhällsvetenskaplig forskning. Först då kan vi förstå hur idéer om etniska skillnader understöder samhällets strafftänkande och kriminalrättspraktiker.Den sorterande ordningsmakten innehåller ingående analyser av det som ibland kallas etnisk profilering, och kan läsas som en bakgrund till den aktuella problematiken kring REVA-projektet; REVA behandlas emellertid inte explicit i boken.
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| 30. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-, et al.
(author)
-
Förskolan i det mångkulturella samhället : Från invandrarbarn till flerspråkiga barn
- 2013. - 1
-
In: Nationell förskola med mångkulturellt uppdrag. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147100255 ; , s. 24-44
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nationell förskola med mångkulturellt uppdrag belyser hur personal, barn och föräldrar hanterar etnisk och språklig mångfald i förskolans praktik. Med hjälp av empiriska nedslag analyseras vardagliga händelser, aktiviteter och interaktioner. Situationer med bland annat lek, samtal och rekrytering tas upp och problematiseras. Boken behandlar också viktiga perspektiv och begrepp inom området och beskriver hur det mångkulturella uppdraget har förändrats över tid. Genom att fokusera på förskollärarnas arbete och de ideologiska och didaktiska dilemman som kan uppstå rörande barns flerspråkighet och integration vill författarna skapa reflektion och kritisk diskussion om förskolans uppdrag i ett mångkulturellt samhälle.Boken vänder sig framför allt till studerande vid förskollärarprogrammet och till anställda i förskolan, men är även av intresse för tjänstemän och politiker med ansvar för förskolan.
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| 31. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
I namn av heder : Kontinuitet och variation i skolans fostran till svenskhet
- 2012. - 1
-
In: Fostran av framtidens medborgare. - Lund : Sekel. - 9789185767731 ; , s. 177-202
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- FOSTRAN AV FRAMTIDENS MEDBORGARE skildrar vad som sker med individer och kollektiv mot bakgrund av de senaste decenniernas förändring av den svenska välfärdsstaten. Statens ansvar för medborgarnas välfärd och trygghet har minskats och istället förväntas enskilda individer ta en mer aktiv del i att planera för och skapa sin egen välfärd. Det svenska folkhemmet som stod för kollektiv trygghet har tonat bort för att istället ge plats åt ett individ orienterat samhälle. Boken handlar om skapandet av goda medborgare. Den undersöker dels förändringen av förväntningarna och kraven på hur vi människor ska uppträda, tänka och dels den uppsättning av praktiker som omsätts i syfte att skapa dessa medborgare. Den belyser ur ett tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv fostran av både vuxna och unga på en rad olika arenor. De olika bidragen pekar på hur pågående välfärdsstatliga förändringar tar sig uttryck i olika sammanhang, till exempel hur krav på lärande möter oss i en mängd olika situationer, exempelvis som föräldrar och elever, i egenskap av socialtjänstens klienter, som idrottsutövare, föreningsaktiva eller som tv-tittare. Medborgarna ställs inför att tillägna sig nya egenskaper som bland annat handlar om refl exivitet, livslångt lärande, livskompetens, entreprenörsskapande och ledningsförmåga. Dessa påbud om lärande uppträder tillsammans med föreställningar om ökat oberoende för individen.
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| 32. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
In the name of action against "honour-related" violence : National nations, gender, and boundaries in the Swedish school's ambitions to combat violence and oppression
- 2011
-
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 1:3, s. 126-136
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ‘Honour-relataed’ violence and oppression has become an important issue for various social institutions in Sweden during the last decade. The school is one of these and has been awarded a particular responsibility to detect and take action against this violence. Aside from a few studies, knowledge remains however limited regarding how professionals in various institutions take measures against this violence. In this article I examine how the school’s mission to combat ‘honour-related’ violence and oppression has evolved into a practice permeated by national notions. With the support of empirical examples, I will show how efforts to ‘honour-related’ violence are based on ideas of ‘Swedish’ values, national borders and gender, and how this become tools for production of exclusion and inclusion. Attention is also given to how boys and girls who are brought together with an ‘honour cultural’ background are attributed to different positions in the ‘Swedish’ Community. The study referenced is based on interviews with student welfare staff, participant observations on training days for school staff about ‘honour-related’ violence and document studies.
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| 33. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
Konstruktioner av etnicitet och kön på SiS särskilda ungdomshem
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den här rapporten är baserad på en etnografisk studie av hur etnicitet och kön tillskrivs betydelse på SiS särskilda ungdomshem. Syftet för rapporten är att undersöka konstruktioner av etnicitet och kön i den vardagliga institutionspraktiken, med fokus på hur dessa kategorier tillskrivs betydelse i organiseringen av arbetsuppgifter och rutiner samt hur institutionspersonalen positionerar sig själva och de inskrivna ungdomarna i relation till dessa. Målet är inte att besvara frågor om hur de som arbetar på de särskilda ungdomshemmen ska agera eller förhålla sig. Ambitionen är snarare att synliggöra etnicitet och kön i en institutionell praktik och bidra till en kritisk diskussion om dessa kategorier.Det empiriska materialet omfattar deltagande observationer och intervjuer med personal på fyra särskilda ungdomshem. Samtliga avdelningar som ingår i studien är låsbara avdelningar för pojkar och unga män i åldern 12–20 år. Ett viktigt argument för att genomföra studien på ”pojkavdelningar” är att kön, i den forskning som finns tillgänglig om institutionsvård, sällan uppmärksammas i relation till pojkar.Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är att etnicitet och kön konstrueras relationellt, det vill säga att både etnicitet och kön är något som görs via handlingar och tal och därför också låter sig studeras via observationer och intervjuer. En viktig aspekt av det socialkonstruktionistiska perspektiv som ligger till grund för analysen är att varken etnicitet eller kön utgör någon kärna i enskilda individer och kroppar. Samtidigt kan detta inte förstås som att etnicitet och kön inte upplevs som något verkligt och synnerligen påtagligt i olika sammanhang; som det visas i denna rapport materialiseras dessa konstruktioner. Därmed blir de också verkliga i sina konsekvenser genom processer av inkludering och exkludering, överordning och underordning. En viktig aspekt av etnicitet och kön som sociala konstruktioner handlar om att de är kontextbundna och därför tar sig varierande uttryck beroende på det sociala sammanhanget.I analysen problematiseras idén om kulturkompetens, utifrån frågan vem som tillskrivs denna kompetens och med vilka konsekvenser. Här undersöks även den motsägelse som framträder i institutionernas språkpolicy och språkpraktik, när å ena sidan personal med flerspråkig kompetens omtalas som en tillgång för verksamheten, medan det å andra sidan bara är tillåtet att tala svenska på avdelningen. Vidare undersöks hur stora starka kroppar framträder som centrala i konstruktioner av manlighet och varför unga kvinnor ses som ett problem i arbetet med institutionernas inskrivna killar.De resultat som presenteras visar att etnicitet och kön är av central betydelse för institutionspersonalens förhållningssätt och tolkningar av olika beteenden, såväl i relation till kollegor som i relation till de inskrivna ungdomarna. Resultaten visar att etnicitet och kön blir styrande för förväntningar och vad som uppfattas vara möjligt att göra för enskilda individer i personalgruppen. Likaså visar resultaten att detta genererar gränser som tenderar att låsa in institutionspersonalen i etnifierade och könade positioner. Vidare ger analysen många exempel på att etnicitet och kön görs både snabbt och oreflekterat och att det görs i samförstånd, via förhandling eller via konflikt, och att etnifierade och könade praktiker ofta är av rutinmässig karaktär. Analysen understryker att den vård och behandling som ges vid institutionerna inte kan frikopplas från etnicitet och kön utan tvärtom är sammanflätad med dessa – att institutionerna med andra ord är inrättningar som reproducerar etniska och könade relationer. Analysen påkallar ett fortsatt behov av systematiserade studier som undersöker när, hur och i relation till vem som etnicitet och kön görs meningsbärande och hur dessa praktiker skapar och vidmakthåller villkor, både för dem som arbetar vid de särskilda ungdomshemmen och dem som är inskrivna där.
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| 34. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
Nationella föreställningar och gränser i skolans insatser mot "hedersrelaterat" våld
- 2011
-
In: Nordic Studies in Education. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 31:3, s. 149-164
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article analyses how efforts to combat «honour-related» violence are linked to and reproduce nationalist ideas. On the basis of theories that discuss the concept of nation and conceptions of belonging and origins I investigate how notions about Swedish values and gender are central in school staffs discussions and understanding of honour-related violence. The empirical material is based on documentary material, participant observations and interviews with welfare staff working at different compulsory schools and colleges of further education in the county of Östergötland in Sweden. The analysis underline the fact that notions of «us» and «the others» are ambiguous and in no way homogenous. It shows how «honour-related» violence is dissociated from Swedishness and how this defines borderlines between those who belong to the nation and those who do not belong.
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| 35. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
-
Rekrytering för mångfald i den nationella förskolan : förskolechefers tal om kompetens
- 2013. - 1
-
In: Nationell förskola med mångkulturellt uppdrag. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147100255 ; , s. 116-136
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nationell förskola med mångkulturellt uppdrag belyser hur personal, barn och föräldrar hanterar etnisk och språklig mångfald i förskolans praktik. Med hjälp av empiriska nedslag analyseras vardagliga händelser, aktiviteter och interaktioner. Situationer med bland annat lek, samtal och rekrytering tas upp och problematiseras. Boken behandlar också viktiga perspektiv och begrepp inom området och beskriver hur det mångkulturella uppdraget har förändrats över tid. Genom att fokusera på förskollärarnas arbete och de ideologiska och didaktiska dilemman som kan uppstå rörande barns flerspråkighet och integration vill författarna skapa reflektion och kritisk diskussion om förskolans uppdrag i ett mångkulturellt samhälle.Boken vänder sig framför allt till studerande vid förskollärarprogrammet och till anställda i förskolan, men är även av intresse för tjänstemän och politiker med ansvar för förskolan.
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| 36. |
- Gruber, Sabine
(author)
-
Utvärdering av fortbildningen Språk och kommunikation i flerspråkiga förskolegrupper i Linköpings kommun
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna skrift redovisas en utvärderingsstudie som jag genomfört på uppdrag av Utbildningskontoret i Linköpings kommun under 2007-2008. Föremålet för utvärderingen var en ettårig fortbildning, Språk och kommunikation i flerspråkiga förskolegrupper, som genomfördes för förskolans personal i området Ryd. Denna utvärdering avrapporterades till Pedagogiskt Centrum september 2008. Förutom språkliga bearbetningar är föreliggande text identisk med den skriftliga avrapporteringen.Fortbildningsprojekt är ofta resultat av ett progressivt utvecklingsarbete, med ambition att bearbeta, förbättra eller förändra sociala eller mänskliga problem (Magnusson 1996). Ambitioner som dessa har även präglat fortbildningen Språk och kommunikation i flerspråkiga förskolegrupper, som utvärderas i denna skrift. Syftet med denna fortbildning har varit att genomföra ett utvecklingsarbete med sikte på att tydliggöra och förstärka förskolans språkstimulerande och språkstödjande verksamhet. Fortbildningsprojektet har kantats av såväl entusiasm som engagemang och detta på samtliga nivåer, från projektledning till dem som dagligen är verksamma i förskolan.Det jag kommer att fästa blicken på i den här utvärderingen är hur ambitionerna för fortbildningssatsningen omsatts i praktiken, mer precist riktar jag uppmärksamheten mot de processer som initierats till följd av den genomförda utbildningen. Hur reflekterar de som deltagit i fortbildningen kring dess kunskapsstoff och hur reflekterar de kring språk, som utgör ett centralt innehåll i fortbildningen? Vilka avtryck ger fortbildningen i förskolans dagliga verksamhet, dels vad det gäller konkreta handlingar, dels tankar och resonemang? Vilka dilemman kan skönjas i relation till den genomförda fortbildningen? Innan jag börjar redogöra för utvärderingens centrala iakttagelser och resultat följer dock en presentation av hur jag strukturerat texten samt några anvisningar för den fortsatta läsningen.
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| 37. |
- Gruber, Sabine
(author)
-
Utvärdering av utvecklingsprojektet ”Från invandrartätt till internationellt” i Linköpings kommun
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna rapport redovisas en utvärderingsstudie som jag genomfört på uppdrag av Utbildningskontoret i Linköpings kommun under 2007-2008. Utvärderingen omfattar ett fortbildningsprojekt, Från invandrartätt till internationellt, för anställda inom grund- och gymnasieskolan. Studien genomfördes i form av en processutvärdering, med syfte att belysa vad fortbildningsprojektet mynnat ut. Resultatet från denna granskning kan läsaren nu ta del av i denna skrift. Frånsett språkliga bearbetningar är rapportens text identisk med den skriftliga avrapportering som gjordes till Pedagogiskt Centrum i april 2009.Rapporten återger i första hand en kvalitetsbedömning av ett fortbildningsprojekt, men kan också läsas som ett nedslag i skolanställdas tal och föreställningar om ”mångkulturell skola”, ”kulturella skillnader” och ”invandrarelever”. De resonemang som förs fram av utvärderingens deltagare är inte unika, snarare vanligt förekommande och därför lätta att känna igen och associera till. Flera av de iakttagelser som görs i utvärderingsstudien har även visats på och diskuterats i andra studier med fokus på skolan och etniska relationer. Inte minst att välmenande inkluderingsambitioner från skolans sida riskerar att mynna ut i stigmatisering och uteslutning av elever med så kallad invandrarbakgrund. Som utvärderingen talar för är lärares ambitioner i arbetet med elever inte alltid en produkt av reflekterade insikter. Snarare förefaller det vara så att skolans personal har svårigheter med att se hur just skolan är delaktig i att generera och befästa relationer av över- respektive underordning, liksom normalitet och avvikelse. Medvetenheten om hur samhällets maktrelationer ligger inbyggda i (skolans) sociala samspel tycks med andra ord vara bristfällig.¨Från tidigare forskning vet vi att ojämlika relationer inte enbart upprätthålls via handlingar och tal med avsikt att underordna, marginalisera eller utesluta. Ojämlikhet produceras också utan avsikt, via tillsynes triviala, rutinmässiga och förgivettagna handlingar. I rapporten ges flera exempel på hur orättvisor som vid en första anblick ter sig harmlösa ändå riskerar att producera och vidmakthålla ojämlika relationer. Det är också så vi kan förstå vardagsrasism. För inte heller vardagsrasism handlar om extrema företeelser, utan snarare om alldagliga och nästan familjära handlingar, beteenden och attityder, men som i sina konsekvenser blir rasistiska. Just normaliseringen av mikroorättvisor gör det dock ofta svårt att direkt sätta fingret på såväl ojämlika relationer som vardagsrasism. Inte minst därför är det angeläget att skolans personal skaffar sig kunskap för att kunna identifiera skolvärldens mikroorättvisor.¨Min förhoppning är att den utvärderingsstudie som presenteras i det följande ska kunna bidra med insikter och verktyg för att synliggöra hur olika maktrelationer produceras och vidmakthålls i det vardagliga skollivet.. Förhoppningen är också att rapportens olika exempel och illustrationer kan inspirera till angelägna diskussioner och reflektioner i skolans förändrings- och utvecklingsarbete.För att därigenom även medverka till en ökad medvetenhet om vad det gör med elever att bli behängda med (kulturella) skillnader och ses som främmande och avvikande i den svenska skolan. Rapporten vänder sig till dem som arbetar i skolan, till lärarstuderande och till kommunpolitiker och tjänstemän med ansvar för skolan.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Hope and athlete burnout : Stress and affect as mediators
- 2013
-
In: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 14:5, s. 640-649
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveIn this study we examined the relationship between trait hope and burnout in elite junior soccer players and whether stress and positive and negative affect mediated this relationship.MethodsParticipants were 238 Swedish soccer players (166 males, 71 females; one did not indicate gender) aged 15–19 years who completed questionnaires measuring trait hope, perceived stress, positive and negative affect, and athlete burnout (i.e., emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation).ResultsBivariate correlations were consistent with hope theory contentions indicating significant negative relationships between hope and all three burnout dimensions. The relationship between hope and emotional/physical exhaustion was fully mediated by stress and positive affect. For sport devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment, stress and positive affect partially mediated the relationship with hope. In contrast, negative affect did not mediate the relationship between hope and any of the burnout dimensions.ConclusionThe results support earlier findings that hope is negatively related to athlete burnout. Support was also found for the hypothesis that high hope individuals would experience less stress and therefore less burnout. Promoting hope may be relevant in reducing the likelihood of this detrimental syndrome.
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| 40. |
- Gustafsson, Oscar, et al.
(author)
-
Generalized overlapping digit patterns for multi-dimensional sub-expression sharing
- 2010
-
In: 1st International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems, ICGCS 2010. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424468775 ; , s. 65-68
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sub-expression sharing is a technique that can be applied to reduce the complexity of linear time-invariant non-recursive computations by identifying common patterns. It has recently been proposed that it is possible to improve the performance of single and multiple constant multiplication by identifying overlapping digit patterns. In this work we extend the concept of overlapping digit patterns to arbitrary shift dimensions, such as shift in time (FIR filters). © 2010 IEEE.
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| 41. |
- Hamalainen, J., et al.
(author)
-
Papermaking fibre-suspension flow simulations at multiple scales
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Engineering Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-0833 .- 1573-2703. ; 71:1, s. 55-79
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Papermaking flows are extremely challenging for modelling and simulation, if one accepts their full complexity. A wide range of particles, including fibres, fibre fragments (fines) and fillers (non-organic particles), flow and interact with each other in a non-dilute suspension, a complex geometry and at a high flow rate. Different simulation approaches are reviewed from particle-level simulations, through meso-scale simulations to the full flow geometry of the papermaking line. Their application to papermaking and potential to provide fundamental understanding as well as direct process-optimization support are discussed.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Holmberg, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Skiing efficiency versus performance in double-poling ergometry
- 2013
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In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1025-5842 .- 1476-8259. ; 16:9, s. 987-992
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is on how leg utilisation may affect skiing efficiency andperformance in double-poling ergometry. Three experiments wereconducted, each with a different style of the double-poling technique:traditional with small knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (TRAD);modern with large knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (MOD1) and modernwith large knee range-of-motion and free heels (MOD2). For each style,motion data were extracted with automatic marker recognition ofreflective markers and applied to a 3D full-body musculoskeletalsimulation model. Skiing efficiency (skiing work divided by metabolicmuscle work) and performance (forward impulse) were computed from thesimulation output. Skiing efficiency was 4.5%, 4.1% and 4.1% for TRAD,MOD1 and MOD2, respectively. Performance was 111, 143 and 149Ns forTRAD, MOD1 and MOD2, respectively. Thus, higher lower body utilisationincreased the performance but decreased the skiing efficiency. Theseresults demonstrate the potential of musculoskeletal simulations forskiing efficiency estimations.
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| 45. |
- Holmberg, L. Joakim, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Muscle decomposition and recruitment criteria influence muscle force estimates
- 2012
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In: Multibody system dynamics. - : Springer. - 1384-5640 .- 1573-272X. ; 28:3, s. 283-289
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has recently been pointed out that muscle decomposition influence muscle force estimates in musculoskeletal simulations. We show analytically and with numerical simulations that this influence depends on the recruitment criteria. Moreover, we also show that the proper choices of force normalization factors may overcome the issue. Such factors for the minmax and the polynomial criteria are presented.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Holmvall, Martin, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of two-phase flow with moving immersed boundaries
- 2011
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In: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids. - : Wiley. - 0271-2091 .- 1097-0363. ; 67:12, s. 2062-2080
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A two-dimensional model for immiscible binary fluid flow including moving immersed objects is presented. The fluid motion is described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation coupled with a phase-field model based on van der Waals’ free energy density and the Cahn-Hilliard equation. The immersed boundary method has been utilised to handle moving immersed objects and the phase-field boundary conditions have been adapted accordingly. Numerical stability and execution time was significantly improved by the use of a new boundary condition which implements minimisation of the free energy in a direct way. Convergence toward the analytical solution was demonstrated for equilibrium contact angle, the Lucas-Washburn theory and Stefan’s problem. The proposed model may be used for two-phase flow problems with moving boundaries of complex geometry, such as the penetration of fluid into a deformable, porous medium.
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| 48. |
- Holmvall, Martin, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Transfer of a microfluid to a stochastic fibre network
- 2011
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In: Journal of Fluids and Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-9746 .- 1095-8622. ; 27:7, s. 937-946
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transfer of a microscopic fluid droplet from a flat surface to a deformable stochastic fibre network is investigated. Fibre networks are generated with different levels of surface roughness, and a two-dimensional, two-phase fluid-structure model is used to simulate the fluid transfer. In simulations, the Navier-Stokes equations and the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field equations are coupled to explicitly include contact line dynamics and free surface dynamics. The compressing fibre network is modelled as moving immersed boundaries. The simulations show that the amount of transferred fluid is approximately proportional to the contact area between the fluid and the fibre network. However, areas where the fluid bridges and never actually makes contact with the substrate must be subtracted.
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| 49. |
- Imran, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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On the number representation in sub-expression sharing
- 2010
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In: International Conference on Signals and Electronic Systems, ICSES'10 - Conference Proceeding 2010. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9788390474342 ; , s. 17-20
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The core of many DSP tasks is Multiplication ofone data with several constants, i.e. in Digital filtering, image processing DCT and DFT. The Modern Portable equipments like Cellular phones and MP3 players which has DSP circuits,involve large number of multiplications of one variable with several constants (MCM) which leads to large area, delay and energy consumption in hardware. Multiplication operation can be realized using addition/subtraction and shifts without general multipliers. Different number representations are used in MCM algorithms and there are differnet views about different representations. Some of the authors termed the Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) representation as better for subexpression sharing. We have compared the results of CSD and Binary representations using our Generalized MCM Algorithm on Random Matrices and come to conclusion that binary representation is better compared to CSD when a system has multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
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| 50. |
- Kulachenko, Artem, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Elastic properties of cellulose nanopaper
- 2012
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 19:3, s. 793-807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanopaper is a transparent film made of network-forming nanocellulose fibers. These fibers are several micrometers long with a diameter of 4-50 nm. The reported elastic modulus of nanopaper often falls short of even conservative theoretical predictions based on the modulus of crystalline cellulose, although such predictions usually perform well for other fiber composite materials. We investigate this inconsistency and suggest explanations by identifying the critical factors affecting the stiffness of nanopaper. A similar inconsistency is found when predicting the stiffness of conventional paper, and it is usually explained by the effects introduced during drying. We found that the effect of the drying cannot solely explain the relatively low elastic modulus of nanopaper. Among the factors that showed the most influence are the presence of non-crystalline regions along the length of the nanofibers, initial strains and the three-dimensional structure of individual bonds.
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