| 1. |
- Andersson, K., et al.
(author)
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Application of an XMM-Newton epic Monte Carlo technique to analysis and interpretation of data for the abell 1689, RX J0658-55, and centaurus clusters of galaxies
- 2007
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 670:2, s. 1010-1026
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a new Monte Carlo method to study extended X-ray sources with the European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) aboard XMM-Newton. The smoothed particle inference (SPI) technique, described in a companion paper, is applied here to the EPIC data for the clusters of galaxies Abell 1689, Centaurus, and RX J0658-55 (the ""bullet cluster""). We aim to show the advantages of this method of simultaneous spectral and spatial modeling over traditional X-ray spectral analysis. In Abell 1689 we confirm our earlier findings about structure in the temperature distribution and produce a high-resolution temperature map. We also find a hint of velocity structure within the gas, consistent with previous findings. In the bullet cluster, RX J0658-55, we produce the highest resolution temperature map ever to be published of this cluster, allowing us to trace what looks like the trail of the motion of the bullet in the cluster. We even detect a south-to-north temperature gradient within the bullet itself. In the Centaurus cluster we detect, by dividing up the luminosity of the cluster in bands of gas temperatures, a striking feature to the northeast of the cluster core. We hypothesize that this feature is caused by a subcluster left over from a substantial merger that slightly displaced the core. We conclude that our method is very powerful in determining the spatial distributions of plasma temperatures and very useful for systematic studies in cluster structure.
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| 2. |
- Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of the RUFRIS Method with GNSS and Total Station for Leveling
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The establishment of leveling benchmarks for performing geodetic measurements, for instance in construction works, is usually costly and laborious due to a mass of field works in transferring the height from nearby known benchmarks. In this study, a real-time updated free station (RUFRIS) method is investigated to be used as an alternative approach for the traditional leveling. The coordinates of a RUFRIS station are determined by establishing a total station on the point, and performing a free-station by observing some points with both Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS and total station distance and direction observations. The study is conducted based on data from the East Link project in Sweden, where a 150 km long high-speed railway is to be constructed. The results show a standard deviation of 7 mm between the RUFRIS and leveling heights in this project and imply the feasibility of replacing the traditional leveling methods with RUFRIS in projects with low accessibility to benchmarks.
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| 3. |
- Alvarsson, Jesper J., et al.
(author)
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Stress Recovery during Exposure to Nature Sound and Environmental Noise
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel, Schweiz : MDPI Publishing. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 7:3, s. 1036-1046
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research suggests that visual impressions of natural compared with urban environments facilitate recovery after psychological stress. To test whether auditory stimulation has similar effects, 40 subjects were exposed to sounds from nature or noisy environments after a stressful mental arithmetic task. Skin conductance level (SCL) was used to index sympathetic activation, and high frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV) was used to index parasympathetic activation. Although HF HRV showed no effects, SCL recovery tended to be faster during natural sound than noisy environments. These results suggest that nature sounds facilitate recovery from sympathetic activation after a psychological stressor.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Dan-Erik
(author)
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Grekiskt drama i perspektiv
- 2012
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In: Uppdrag Mission. - 2001-0087. ; 166:1
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Ida E., 1982-, et al.
(author)
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(E)-Alkene and Ethylene Isosteres Substantially Alter the Hydrogen-Bonding Network in Class II MHC Aq/Glycopeptide Complexes and Affect T-Cell Recognition
- 2011
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 133:36, s. 14368-14378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structural basis for antigen presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to CD4(+) T-cells is important for understanding and possibly treating autoimmune diseases. In the work described in this paper, (E)-alkene and ethylene amide-bond isosteres were used to investigate the effect of removing hydrogen-bonding possibilities from the CII259-270 glycopeptide, which is bound by the arthritis-associated murine A(q) class II MHC protein. The isostere-modified glycopeptides showed varying and unexpectedly large losses of A(q) binding that could be linked to the dynamics of the system. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the backbone of CII259-270 and the A(q) protein are able to form up to 11 hydrogen bonds, but fewer than this number are present at any one time. Most of the strong hydrogen-bond interactions were formed by the N-terminal part of the glycopeptide, i.e., in the region where the isosteric replacements were made. The structural dynamics also revealed that hydrogen bonds were strongly coupled to each other; the loss of one hydrogen-bond interaction had a profound effect on the entire hydrogen-bonding network. The A(q) binding data revealed that an ethylene isostere glycopeptide unexpectedly bound more strongly to A(q) than the corresponding (E)-alkene, which is in contrast to the trend observed for the other isosteres. Analysis of the MD trajectories revealed that the complex conformation of this ethylene isostere was structurally different and had an altered molecular interaction pattern compared to the other A(q)/glycopeptide complexes. The introduced amide-bond isosteres also affected the interactions of the glycopeptide/A(q) complexes with T-cell receptors. The dynamic variation of the patterns and strengths of the hydrogen-bond interactions in the class II MHC system is of critical importance for the class II MHC/peptide/TCR signaling system.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Karl-Erik
(author)
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Antimuscarinics for treatment of overactive bladder
- 2004
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In: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 3:1, s. 46-53
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For many years, antimuscarinic drugs have been the first-line pharmacological treatment for urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence, all symptoms of the disorder termed overactive bladder. Antimuscarinic treatment is not always effective and is associated with side-effects that limit its clinical use. The clinical significance of the effects of antimuscarinic drugs has been questioned lately. In this review, the rationale for the use of these drugs in the management of overactive bladder is re-examined and the results of treatment are discussed. I conclude that these drugs are the only treatment with undisputed effectiveness in the treatment of overactive bladder. They may not be the perfect treatment for all patients with this disorder, but their value for individual patients should not be underestimated. Further clinical trials with improvement in quality of life as the primary endpoint are needed and may give a fair reflection of the clinical value of antimuscarinic drugs.
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