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Search: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > (2010-2011) > Journal article

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1.
  • Moore, Jason W., 1971- (author)
  • Introduction : The World-Historical Imagination
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of World-Systems Research. - Riverside, Calif. : Institute for Research on World-Systems. - 1076-156X. ; 17:1, s. 1-3
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This article is the editor's introduction to the special issue of the Journal of World-Systems Research, entitled The World-Historical Imagination: Giovanni Arrighi's The Long Twentieth Century in Prospect and Retrospect.
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2.
  • Moore, Jason W., 1971- (author)
  • 'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
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3.
  • Eriksson, Sören, 1953- (author)
  • China's aircraft industry: collaboration and technology transfer - the case of Airbus
  • 2010
  • In: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (IJTTC). - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 9:4, s. 306-325
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • China has moved a long way in economic and industrial development during the last decades and has developed into a global player in many industries. With increased knowledge in high-technology industries, China has ambitions to move into sectors that necessitate a high level of research and development, such as the aerospace industry. China is now in the process of establishing a modern aircraft industry based on domestic efforts as well as agreements with foreign partners in the manufacturing of complete aircraft. This paper analyzes what measures have been taken by Airbus in the form of technology transfer and other supportive measures to strengthen its position in the Chinese market. The findings conclude that Airbus’ transfer should be looked upon as a broad spectrum of technology and knowledge transfer, which include aircraft manufacturing technology, as well as cabin crew training centre, establishment of a warehouse and suppliers ”village”, an engineering centre, maintenance and various service functions.
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4.
  • Moore, Jason W., 1971- (author)
  • The end of the road? : agricultural revolutions in the capitalist World-ecology, 1450-2010
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Agrarian Change. - : Wiley - Blackwell. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:3, s. 389-413
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Does the present socio-ecological impasse – captured in popular discussions of the ‘end’ of cheap food and cheap oil – represent the latest in a long history of limits and crises that have been transcended by capital, or have we arrived at an epochal turning point in the relation of capital, capitalism and agricultural revolution? For the better part of six centuries, the relation between world capitalism and agriculture has been a remarkable one. Every great wave of capitalist development has been paved with ‘cheap’ food. Beginning in the long sixteenth century, capitalist agencies pioneered successive agricultural revolutions, yielding a series of extraordinary expansions of the food surplus. This paper engages the crisis of neoliberalism today, and asks: Is another agricultural revolution, comparable to those we have known in the history of capitalism, possible? Does the present conjuncture represent a developmental crisis of capitalism that can be resolved by establishing new agro-ecological conditions for another long wave of accumulation, or are we now witnessing an epochal crisis of capitalism? These divergent possibilities are explored from a perspective that views capitalism as ‘world-ecology’, joining together the accumulation of capital and the production of nature in dialectical unity.
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5.
  • Geijer, Erik, et al. (author)
  • Damned if you do, damned if you do not : reduced climate impact vs. sustainable forests in Sweden
  • 2011
  • In: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 33:1, s. 94-106
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The main objective of this paper is to analyze the potential goal conflict between two of Sweden's environmental objectives: Sustainable Forests and Reduced Climate Impact – or, more precisely, the conflict between forest conservation and the supply of wood fuel. To accomplish this, we use a forest sector model that includes the suppliers and major users of roundwood. The econometric results, based on a data set that spans 40 years, show that all the own price elasticities have the expected signs. Among the three forestry products, the supply and (long-term) demand of forest fuel seems to be most sensitive to a price change. In a second step, the estimated model is used to simulate the effect of increased forest conservation – the Sustainable Forest objective – on the supply of wood fuel. If oil is used as a substitute, Swedish emissions of greenhouse gases will increase by almost 0.92 percent, which indicates a clear conflict with the Reduced Climate Impact objective.
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6.
  • Ohlsson, Claes, 1970-, et al. (author)
  • The Framing of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Globalization of National Business Systems : A Longitudinal Case Study
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 93:4, s. 653-669
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The globalization movement in recent decades has meant rapid growth in trade, financial transactions, and cross-country ownership of economic assets. In this article, we examine how the globalization of national business systems has influenced the framing of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is done using text analysis of CEO letters appearing in the annual reports of 15 major corporations in Sweden during a period of transformational change. The results show that the discourse about CSR in the annual reports has changed from a national and communitarian view of social responsibility (cf. a negotiated view of CSR) toward an international and individualistic view of social responsibility (cf. a self-regulating view of CSR). The article contributes theoretically (1) by adding a national–global dimension to previous conceptualizations of CSR and (2) by showing that the rise of CSR discourse and activities in the last 10 years does not have to imply an increased commitment and interest in corporate responsibility per se, only that there are increased societal expectations that corporations should develop the capability to act more independently as moral agents.
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7.
  • Moore, Jason W., 1971- (author)
  • Ecology, Capital, and the Nature of Our Times : Accumulation & Crisis in the Capitalist World-Ecology
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of World-Systems Research. - 1076-156X. ; 17:1, s. 108-147
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this essay, I elaborate the possibilities for a unified theory of historical capitalism – one that views the accumulation of capital and the production of nature (humans included!) as dialectically constituted. In this view, the modern world-system is a capitalist world-ecology, a world-historical matrix of human- and extra-human nature premised on endless commodification. The essay is organized in three movements. I begin by arguing for a reading of modernity’s “interdependent master processes” (Tilly) as irreducibly socio-ecological. Capitalism does not develop upon global nature so much as it emerges through the messy and contingent relations of humans with the rest of nature. Second, the paper engages Giovanni Arrighi’s handling of time, space, and accumulation in The Long Twentieth Century. I highlight Arrighi’s arguments for a “structurally variant” capitalism, and the theory of organizational revolutions, as fruitful ways to construct a theory of capitalism as world-ecology. I conclude with a theory of accumulation and its crises as world-ecological process, building out from Marx’s “general law” of underproduction. Historically, capitalism has been shaped by a dialectic of underproduction (too few inputs) and overproduction (too many commodities). Today, capitalism is poised for a re-emergence of underproduction crises, characterized by the insufficient flow of cheap food, fuel, labor, and energy to the productive circuit of capital. Far from the straightforward expression of “overshoot” and “peak everything,” the likely resurgence of underproduction crises is an expression of capitalism’s longue durée tendency to undermine its conditions of reproduction. The world-ecological limit of capital, in other words, is capital itself.
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8.
  • Berlin, Johan, 1975- (author)
  • Synchronous work - myth or reality? : a critical study of teams in health and medical care
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - London : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:6, s. 1314-1321
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives  In this article, ideal conceptions about teamwork are tested. The research question posed is: How are teams in psychiatry formed? Three theoretical concepts that distinguish groups from teams are presented: sequentiality, parallelism and synchronicity. The presumption is that groups cooperate sequentially and teams synchronously, while the parallel work mode is a transitional form between group and team. Methods  Three psychiatric outpatient teams at a university hospital specialist clinic were studied. Data were collected through 25 personal interviews and 82 hours of observations. The data collection was carried out over 18 months (2008–2009). Results  Results show: (1) that the three theoretical distinctions between group and team need to be supplemented with two intermediate forms, semiparallel and semisynchronous teamwork; and (2) that teamwork is not characterized by striving towards a synchronous ideal but instead is marked by an adaptive interaction between sequential, parallel and synchronous working modes. Conclusions  The article points to a new intermediate stage between group and team. This intermediate stage is called semiparallel teamwork. The study shows that practical teamwork is not characterized by a synchronous ideal, but rather is about how to adaptively find acceptable solutions to a series of practical problems. The study emphasizes the importance of the team varying between different working modes, so-called semisystematics.
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9.
  • Hills, Gerald E., 1943-, et al. (author)
  • History, theory and evidence of entrepreneurial marketing : an overview
  • 2010
  • In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - Milton Keynes : Inderscience Enterprises. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 11:1, s. 3-18
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Entrepreneurial marketing (EM), i.e., the interface of the two research fields of entrepreneurship and marketing, is a scholarly concept that is receiving increasing interest. In our article, we attempt to address definitional issues, theoretical foundations, historical milestones and new, preliminary empirical findings. More exactly, we propose our own definition of EM especially taking into consideration the entrepreneurial orientation behind this new marketing concept and the aim of creating customer value through such means as innovativeness, creativity, selling, networking or flexibility. Besides, we offer an overview of EM’s ‘modern history’ within the last 20 years and
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10.
  • Lagrosen, Yvonne, 1966-, et al. (author)
  • The relationship between quality management and employee health : exploring the underlying dimensions
  • 2010
  • In: International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management. - Olney, Bucks , UK : InderScience Publishers. - 1746-6474 .- 1746-6482. ; 5:2, s. 109-123
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The first purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between workplace health and quality management, particularly the values ‘leadership commitment’ and ‘participation of everybody’ whose importance previous research has pointed to. The second purpose of the study was to examine the constituents and mechanics of the relationships between health and those values. A case study was carried out in a Swedish manufacturing company using data triangulation in the form of in-depth interviews and focus-group interviews on three levels. The findings show that the perceptions of the quality management values were significantly correlated with the employees’ perception of their health. This finding substantiates earlier studies indicating a relationship between quality and health. Important dimensions of ‘leadership commitment’ and ‘participation of everybody’, regarding health, were identified and described in models. The paper provides additional understanding of the connection between quality management and health, particularly regarding the role of leadership. 
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11.
  • Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al. (author)
  • Accounting for cultural heritage : A theoretical and empirical exploration with focus on Swedish reindeer husbandry
  • 2010
  • In: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 69:3, s. 651-657
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this paper is to explore some of the theoretical and empirical aspects of an economy which includes cultural capital. We use a simple dynamic growth model and the concept of a social accounting matrix (SAM) to illustrate how the addition of income flows and net changes of various natural and cultural resources can be incorporated into a broader measure of welfare. The Swedish reindeer industry, managed by the indigenous Sami people, is used as an example since it is generally regarded to have significant cultural heritage value, beyond its contribution to conventional national accounts. We discuss a theoretically correct compensation to a cultural sector for preserving and maintaining a cultural heritage. Furthermore, we attempt to estimate the cultural value of the Sámi Reindeer sector in Sweden using a CVM survey. The results suggest that the willingness to pay (per year) to maintain cultural heritage at least at the current level may be quite substantive, estimates showing it can be several times the industry's turnover per year.
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12.
  • Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al. (author)
  • Acidification Remediation Alternatives : Exploring the Temporal Dimension with Cost Benefit Analysis
  • 2010
  • In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 39:1, s. 40-48
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Acidification of soils and surface waters caused by acid deposition is still a major problem in southern Scandinavia, despite clear signs of recovery. Besides emission control, liming of lakes, streams, and wetlands is currently used to ameliorate acidification in Sweden. An alternative strategy is forest soil liming to restore the acidified upland soils from which much acidified runoff originates. This cost-benefit analysis compared these liming strategies with a special emphasis on the time perspective for expected benefits. Benefits transfer was used to estimate use values for sport ffishing and nonuse values in terms of existence values. The results show that large-scale forest soil liming is not socioeconomically profitable, while lake liming is, if it is done efficiently-in other words, if only acidified surface waters are treated. The beguiling logic of "solving'' an environmental problem at its source (soils), rather than continuing to treat the symptoms (surface waters), is thus misleading.
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13.
  • Lundmark, Linda, 1975-, et al. (author)
  • National Parks and Protected Areas and the Role for Employment in Tourism and Forest Sectors : a Swedish Case
  • 2010
  • In: Ecology and Society. - Wolfville : Resilience Alliance. - 1708-3087. ; 15:1, s. 19-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The development of national parks and other protected areas has been widely promoted because of its potential for regional development in peripheral and sparsely populated areas. The argument is that the economic and social benefits seen in national parks in the USA and UK will also occur in the Swedish context in the form of an increased tourism-related labor market. Our aim was to analyze the possibility of such a development both in light of the policy visions of positive regional and local development and from the adversary point of view that protection of land is making it more difficult for 15 sparsely populated mountain municipalities in Sweden to prosper. We used a database covering the entire population of the area for 1991 to 2001. Our results show that factors other than the protected areas are connected to the development of a tourism labor market. The most positively correlated variables for change in tourism employment are population growth and proximity to ski lifts. Positive population development is also correlated to a positive change in the number of people employed in forest sectors. Thus, one of the main outcomes is that the assumed and almost automatic positive relation between nature conservation and tourism can is questionable.
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14.
  • Wittchen, H U, et al. (author)
  • The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
  • 2011
  • In: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7862 .- 0924-977X. ; 21:9, s. 655-79
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU.
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15.
  • Bravo, Giangiacomo, et al. (author)
  • Are two resources really better than one? : Some unexpected results of the availability of substitutes
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 92:11, s. 2865-2874
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The possibility of exploiting multiple resources is usually regarded as positive from both the economic and the environmental point of view. However, resource switching may also lead to unsustainable growth and, ultimately, to an equilibrium condition which is worse than the one that could have been achieved with a single resource. We developed a dynamic model where users exploit multiple resources and have different levels of preference among them. In this setting, exploiting multiple resources leads to worse outcomes in both economic and ecological terms than the single resource case under a wide range of parameter configurations. Our arguments are illustrated using two empirical situations, namely oil drilling in the North Sea and whale hunting in the Antarctic.
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16.
  • Håkansson, Cecilia, et al. (author)
  • Exploring distributional determinants of large carnivore conservation in Sweden
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 54:5, s. 577-595
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature about distributional impacts (who wins and who loses) of implementing new management plans for non-market priced environmental goods and services. The focus is on whether and to what extent, age, gender, presence of large carnivores and income affect willingness-to-pay (WTP) for increasing large carnivore stocks in Sweden. Our results contradict findings from previous studies on large carnivores in the sense that patterns change when different distributional dimensions are analysed together. The results indicate that WTP is independent of the presence of large carnivores, except for the group 'young men'. In general, young men are found to be a disparate group.
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17.
  • Bergh, Pontus, 1976-, et al. (author)
  • Learn or die : the development of an assessment framwork for SME entrepreneurial learning programmes
  • 2011
  • In: International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1468-4330 .- 1741-8127. ; 11:1, s. 92-109
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The unique features of entrepreneurial learning, that involves multiple dimensions, are not easily captured and today few appropriate assessment frameworks exist. The aim of this paper is therefore to develop an assessment framework for entrepreneurial learning and empirically illustrate its potential on a specific SME learning program. Based on a survey of owners/managers who took part in the government supported learning program, krAft, an exploratory factors analysis and a regression analysis were conducted. The paper proposes a two dimensional framework of cognitive and social/emotional learning outcomes where both are strongly correlated to internal efficiency but only the social/emotional outcomes are correlated to external effectiveness. The paper therefore concludes that the mere focus on cognitive learning outcomes is not enough in order to successfully act upon business opportunities. Hence, the social/emotional learning dimension is of great importance, and should be utilized, in the development of arranged SME learning groups.
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18.
  • Haftor, Darek (author)
  • An Evaluation of R.L. Ackoff’s Interactive Planning : A Case-based Approach
  • 2011
  • In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1094-429X .- 1573-9295. ; 24:4, s. 355-357
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Russell L. Ackoff developed the Interactive Planning (IP) methodology as a conceptual tool to guide systematic and systemic development of organizations. One of its unique features is that such development should be ideal-oriented. IP has been well-received within the Systems Thinking community in particular; where more than 300 applications of IP are mentioned. However, it has not been easy to answer the question: “does the use of IP enable that which it is proposing to enable?” as there have been no systematic, empirically grounded, and critically oriented, evaluations of IP. This study attempts to offer such an evaluation. In this case, IP was employed to support a comprehensive development of a Department within a company. This IP application was evaluated using a set of predefined evaluation criteria derived from the IP as such and also from its critique. The results suggest that IP is indeed a powerful methodology to guide organizational development. While IP has several positive merits, a set of limitations were identified and serve here as a basis for deriving recommendations for the practitioners of IP and also suggestions of areas that merit further IP research.
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19.
  • Jonsson, Mattias, et al. (author)
  • Cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures to increase substrate availability for wood-dwelling species : A comparison between boreal tree species
  • 2010
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:1, s. 46-60
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study analysed the cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures that increase substrate availability for saproxylic (wood-dwelling) species. Mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh and Betula pendula Roth) or aspen (Populus tremula L.) in three regions of Sweden were modelled. Inverted cost-effectiveness was calculated by dividing the economic cost associated with a silvicultural measure by the increase in coarse woody debris (CWD) and an index reflecting substrate availability for red-listed saproxylic beetles and cryptogams, compared with a reference scenario maximizing economic profit. Tree species had a large impact on the cost-effectiveness of green tree retention: Scots pine was the most costly tree species to retain and aspen and birch the most cost-effective. Tree species also had an impact, albeit smaller, on the cost-effectiveness of the creation of high stumps. It was most cost-effective to create high stumps from birch and aspen in southern Sweden, whereas in northern Sweden it was more cost-effective to create high stumps from pine and spruce. Therefore, when increasing the amount of coarse woody debris (CWD), deciduous trees should be targeted in southern Sweden more than in the north. However, it is important that CWD is created from all tree species, because different tree species support different assemblages of saproxylic species. As regards measures that are not associated with particular tree species, retention of snags at final harvest is a cost-effective measure in all regions, whereas increasing the rotation period is costly.
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20.
  • Gustavsson, Anders, et al. (author)
  • Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
  • 2011
  • In: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 21:10, s. 718-79
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of €386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people.AIMS: To estimate the number of persons with defined disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, the total cost per person related to each disease in terms of direct and indirect costs, and an estimate of the total cost per disorder and country.METHODS: The best available estimates of the prevalence and cost per person for 19 groups of disorders of the brain (covering well over 100 specific disorders) were identified via a systematic review of the published literature. Together with the twelve disorders included in 2004, the following range of mental and neurologic groups of disorders is covered: addictive disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, brain tumor, childhood and adolescent disorders (developmental disorders), dementia, eating disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, somatoform disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Epidemiologic panels were charged to complete the literature review for each disorder in order to estimate the 12-month prevalence, and health economic panels were charged to estimate best cost-estimates. A cost model was developed to combine the epidemiologic and economic data and estimate the total cost of each disorder in each of 30 European countries (EU27+Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). The cost model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust all costs to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euro, imputing costs for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity adjusted estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.RESULTS: The total cost of disorders of the brain was estimated at €798 billion in 2010. Direct costs constitute the majority of costs (37% direct healthcare costs and 23% direct non-medical costs) whereas the remaining 40% were indirect costs associated with patients' production losses. On average, the estimated cost per person with a disorder of the brain in Europe ranged between €285 for headache and €30,000 for neuromuscular disorders. The European per capita cost of disorders of the brain was €1550 on average but varied by country. The cost (in billion €PPP 2010) of the disorders of the brain included in this study was as follows: addiction: €65.7; anxiety disorders: €74.4; brain tumor: €5.2; child/adolescent disorders: €21.3; dementia: €105.2; eating disorders: €0.8; epilepsy: €13.8; headache: €43.5; mental retardation: €43.3; mood disorders: €113.4; multiple sclerosis: €14.6; neuromuscular disorders: €7.7; Parkinson's disease: €13.9; personality disorders: €27.3; psychotic disorders: €93.9; sleep disorders: €35.4; somatoform disorder: €21.2; stroke: €64.1; traumatic brain injury: €33.0. It should be noted that the revised estimate of those disorders included in the previous 2004 report constituted €477 billion, by and large confirming our previous study results after considering the inflation and population increase since 2004. Further, our results were consistent with administrative data on the health care expenditure in Europe, and comparable to previous studies on the cost of specific disorders in Europe. Our estimates were lower than comparable estimates from the US.DISCUSSION: This study was based on the best currently available data in Europe and our model enabled extrapolation to countries where no data could be found. Still, the scarcity of data is an important source of uncertainty in our estimates and may imply over- or underestimations in some disorders and countries. Even though this review included many disorders, diagnoses, age groups and cost items that were omitted in 2004, there are still remaining disorders that could not be included due to limitations in the available data. We therefore consider our estimate of the total cost of the disorders of the brain in Europe to be conservative. In terms of the health economic burden outlined in this report, disorders of the brain likely constitute the number one economic challenge for European health care, now and in the future. Data presented in this report should be considered by all stakeholder groups, including policy makers, industry and patient advocacy groups, to reconsider the current science, research and public health agenda and define a coordinated plan of action of various levels to address the associated challenges.RECOMMENDATIONS: Political action is required in light of the present high cost of disorders of the brain. Funding of brain research must be increased; care for patients with brain disorders as well as teaching at medical schools and other health related educations must be quantitatively and qualitatively improved, including psychological treatments. The current move of the pharmaceutical industry away from brain related indications must be halted and reversed. Continued research into the cost of the many disorders not included in the present study is warranted. It is essential that not only the EU but also the national governments forcefully support these initiatives.
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21.
  • Heshmati, Almas, et al. (author)
  • Effective Corporate Tax Rates and the Size Distribution of Firms
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 297-317
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We analyze the effects of effective corporate tax rates on the size distribution of firms. In modelling this relationship we account for conditional variables as well as unobservable time and industry effects. A number of hypotheses are tested concerning heterogeneity in the impact of effective corporate tax rates on the size distributions of firms with regard to firm size class, industry and time. The results are based on data covering the whole Swedish economy for the period 1973–2002. The descriptive results suggest that effective corporate tax rates differ by firm size, industry and over time. Application of t-tests demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between major size classes but not within major size classes: smaller firms report a higher effective corporate tax rate than larger firms. The t-tests also demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between industrial sectors: service sector reports a higher effective corporate tax rate than production sector. The regressions show effective corporate tax rates to have: a negative effect on the size distribution of large firms, negative effect on transportation, financing and service sector and a positive effect on manufacturing, electricity and on production sector. We conclude that effective corporate tax rates affect the size distribution of firms as well as the composition of industries.
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22.
  • Li, Chuan-Zhong, 1962-, et al. (author)
  • Dynamic cost–benefit analysis of large projects : the role of capital cost
  • 2010
  • In: Economics Letters. - Uppsala : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 109:2, s. 128-130
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper derives a dynamic cost–benefit rule for evaluating large projects. We show that, in addition to the conventional income and consumer surplus measures, the rule also entails an extra term involving capital cost changes.
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23.
  • Semenova, Natalia, et al. (author)
  • The value relevance of environmental and social performance : evidence from Swedish SIX 300 companies
  • 2010
  • In: The Finnish Journal of Business Economics. - : Association for business administration studies. - 0024-3469 .- 2242-4296. ; 3:10, s. 265-292
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Environmental, social, and governance performance has attracted close attention around the world and is becoming a focus of many companies, investors, financial analysts, and accounting policy makers.This paper provides insight into how environmental and social performance is reflected in the market value of listed SIX 300 companies on OMX Stockholm. Applying the Ohlson valuation model, we express the market value of equity as a function of the book value of equity, accounting earnings, and environmental and social performance, where the last two variables are the proxies for other valuerelevant information. We test this model with data from the GES Investment Services® risk ratings that enable us to create a holistic view on the long-term extra-financial performance and to disaggregate the effects of various dimensions of environmental and social performance on stock prices. The evidence presented in this study finds support for the value relevance of environmental performance at both aggregated and sub-aggregated levels. In the social dimension, support is found for community and supplier relations. We contribute empirical findings to the current debate on the relations between environmental and social performance and shareholder value, and demonstrate the extra-financial value of environmental and social performance.
  •  
24.
  • Svensson, Mikael, et al. (author)
  • Willingness to pay for private and public road safety in stated preference studies : Why the difference?
  • 2010
  • In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 42:4, s. 1205-1212
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for a mortality risk reduction can be used to calculate the value of a statistical life, which is a major component in many economic evaluations of environmental and safety policies. Previous research on the WTP for risk reductions using stated preference methods have found that the mean WTP for public risk reductions is significantly smaller compared to the mean WTP for private risk reductions of equal magnitude. Hence, the use of a private or public scenario in stated preference studies of e.g. environmental or safety policies may strongly determine the outcome of the economic evaluation. In this paper we use a stated preference survey to show that WTP for a private risk reduction is three times higher compared to a public risk reduction and a significant part of the difference can be explained by respondents’ attitudes towards privately and publicly provided goods in general.
  •  
25.
  • von Below, David, et al. (author)
  • Last in, first out? : Estimating the effect of seniority rules in Sweden
  • 2010
  • In: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 17:6, s. 987-997
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this paper we investigate whether a relaxation in seniority rules (the "last-in-first-out" principle) had any effect on firms' employment behaviour. Seniority rules exist in several countries, but consequences of seniority rules on firms' employment behaviour have not been examined previously. The "last-in-first-out" principle in Sweden was reformed in January 2001 such that employers with ten or fewer employees were allowed to exempt two workers from the seniority rule. Using an employer-employee unbalanced panel data for the period 1996-2005, we find that both hires and separations increased in small firms relative to large firms by 5%. This also implies that there were no effects on firms' net employment. Our results show that firms reacted to changes in the seniority rules, but we argue that the effects are not overwhelmingly large.
  •  
26.
  • Brännlund, Runar, 1957-, et al. (author)
  • Environmental policy and profitability : Evidence from Swedish industry
  • 2010
  • In: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - : Springer. - 1432-847X .- 1867-383X. ; 12:1-2, s. 59-78
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study investigates the effect of a CO2 tax on profitability by using firm-level data on output and inputs from Swedish industry between 1990 and 2004. The purpose of this exercise is to investigate the validity of the so-called Porter hypothesis. By utilizing a factor-demand modeling approach, and specifying a profit function that has a technology component dependent upon firm-specific effective tax on CO2, we are able to separate out the effect of regulatory pressure on technological progress. The results indicate that there is evidence of a “reversed” Porter effect in most industrial sectors, especially in energy-intensive industries; that is, after controlling for the fuel price effect, technological progress and consequently profits are further negatively affected by the CO2 tax.
  •  
27.
  • Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al. (author)
  • The kilometer tax and Swedish industry-effects on sectors and regions
  • 2011
  • In: Applied Economics. - London : Chapman and Hall. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43, s. 2907-2917
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • An introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles can be constrained by the risk of that higher production costs than competitors in other countries will negatively affect regions and industries of policy concern. We estimate factor demand elasticities in the Swedish manufacturing industry using firm level data for the 1990 to 2001 period on input prices and quantities. The results show that the introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles decreases transport demand and increases labour demand. The effects are less pronounced in terms of changes in output, though some industries (e.g. wood, pulp and paper) can be expected to be affected more than others due to their dependence on road freight transport. The regional dimension regarding the consequences of a kilometer tax seems to be small or even nonexisting.
  •  
28.
  • Zabel, Astrid, et al. (author)
  • Comparing conventional and new policy approaches for carnivore conservation : Theoretical results and application to tiger conservation
  • 2011
  • In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 48:2, s. 287-301
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • New policy approaches to facilitate the co-existence of wildlife and livestock are needed for situations where predation incidents greatly impact households’ income and retaliatory killing threatens endangered carnivore species’ survival. In this paper, models are developed to assess how two alternative policy approaches impact a herder’s decisions on carnivore hunting and livestock protection. We find that while the well-established ex-post compensation policy induces suboptimal livestock protection it can generate sufficient incentives for the herder to refrain from hunting so that the carnivore population reaches its socially optimal level. Performance payments are proposed as alternative policy. They are found not to distort livestock protection incentives and can also help achieve a socially optimal carnivore population level. Which of the two scheme types gives rise to less cost is ambiguous. An empirical analysis of the model with data from tiger-livestock conflicts in India is presented.
  •  
29.
  • Johnsson, Anna-Ida, et al. (author)
  • Specific SCAR markers and multiplex real-time PCR for quantification of two Trichoderma biocontrol strains in environmental samples
  • 2011
  • In: BioControl. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-6141 .- 1573-8248. ; 56, s. 903-913
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Several strains from the genus Trichoderma (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales) are commercially used as biocontrol agents, e.g. in formulations containing the two Trichoderma strains IMI206039 (Hypocrea parapilulifera B.S. Lu, Druzhinina & Samuels) and IMI206040 (T. atroviride P. Karst). To quantify the presence of the two isolates after application, we developed primers for SCAR markers (Sequence-Characterised Amplified Region). In order to quantify both fungal strains simultaneously, we also designed fluorophore-labelled probes distinguishing the two strains, to be used in combination with the SCAR primers. In incubations of two different soils, artificially inoculated and maintained under controlled conditions, the quantification through amplification with the SCAR markers in qPCR and through colony-forming units from plate counting correlated well. Further tests of the markers on samples taken from a golf green treated with a product containing both strains indicated that the two biocontrol strains did not establish, either on the golf green or in the surrounding area.
  •  
30.
  • Von Rosen, Dietrich (author)
  • Non-negative estimation of variance components in heteroscedastic one-way random-effects ANOVA models
  • 2010
  • In: Statistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0233-1888 .- 1029-4910. ; 44, s. 557-569
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • There is a considerable amount of literature dealing with inference about the parameters in a heteroscedastic one-way random-effects ANOVA model. In this paper, we primarily address the problem of improved quadratic estimation of the random-effect variance component. It turns out that such estimators with a smaller mean squared error compared with some standard unbiased quadratic estimators exist under quite general conditions. Improved estimators of the error variance components are also established.
  •  
31.
  • Cerin, Pontus, et al. (author)
  • Linking Responsible Investments to Societal Influence : Motives, Assessments and Risks
  • 2011
  • In: Sustainable Development. - : Wiley. - 0968-0802 .- 1099-1719. ; 19:2, s. 71-76
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This introduction of the special issue about responsible investments deals with the main theoretical, methodological and empirical challenges. It also highlights the key features of the papers in this special issue.
  •  
32.
  • Walker, Brian, et al. (author)
  • Incorporating Resilience in the Assessment of Inclusive Wealth : An Example from South East Australia
  • 2010
  • In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 45:2, s. 183-202
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper explores the consequences of changes in a system’s resilience on the sustainability of resource allocation decisions, as measured by Inclusive Wealth (IW) (Arrow et al. in Environ Resour Econ 26:647–685, 2003). We incorporate an estimate of resilience in IW by taking account of known or suspected thresholds that can lead to irreversible (or practically irreversible) changes in the productivity and value of assets and hence social welfare. These thresholds allow us to identify policies or projects that may be leading to an increased risk of decline in capital stocks (the wealth of the region). Such risks are not reflected through usual measures of current system performance, e.g. agricultural production. We use the Goulburn-Broken Catchment in south-eastern Australia as a case study to explore the significance and practicality of including resilience in inclusive wealth estimates.
  •  
33.
  • Gren, Ing-Marie, et al. (author)
  • Policy design for a multifunctional landscape
  • 2010
  • In: Regional Environmental Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3798 .- 1436-378X. ; 10:4, s. 339-348
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Landscapes consisting of several elements, such as wetlands and forests, are multifunctional in nature and produce both market and non-market goods. The need for policies arises from the existence of non-market ecosystem services that are not traded and thereby generally not subject to economic trade-offs in landowner decision making. An efficient incentive scheme for producing both types of goods would require policy designed for each non-market good. However, this may result in high transaction costs, possibly giving second-best solutions a comparative advantage when only one non-market good is regulated. This paper demonstrates that in the Hovran catchment area in mid Sweden, which produces the non-market goods water quality, biodiversity, and scenic beauty, compensation payments for biodiversity production alone provide almost maximum total net value of all market and non-market goods. On the other hand, payments for providing scenic beauty in the form of open landscape may result in lower total net value than no compensation payment at all, due to a negative impact on water quality.
  •  
34.
  • Gong, Peichen, et al. (author)
  • Did Pressler fully understand how to use the indicator per cent?
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Forest Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1104-6899 .- 1618-1530. ; 16:3, s. 195-203
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A classical problem in forest economics is the determination of the optimal rotation age. It is commonly acknowledged that Martin Faustmann and Max Robert Pressler contributed the most to the solution of this problem. Faustmann formulated the renowned land expectation value formula, which laid the foundation for economic analyses of the optimal rotation problem. He also provided several hints on how to correctly solve the problem. Pressler's work focused on the growth of the capital in a forest stand. He invented the concept of Indicator Per Cent, and argued that the Indicator Per Cent should be used to guide forestry decision-making. Pressler correctly stated how to use the Indicator Per Cent to determine when a stand should be harvested. However, his suggestions about the choice among silviculture options indicate that he did not fully understand the economic implication of the Indicator Per Cent.
  •  
35.
  • Wirsenius, Stefan, 1963, et al. (author)
  • How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030?
  • 2010
  • In: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 103:9, s. 621-638
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Growing global population figures and per-capita incomes imply an increase in food demand and pressure to expand agricultural land. Agricultural expansion into natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and leads to substantial carbon dioxide emissions.Considerable attention has been paid to prospects for increasing food availability, and limiting agricultural expansion, through higher yields on cropland. In contrast, prospects for efficiency improvements in the entire food-chain and dietary changes toward less land-demanding food have not been explored as extensively. In this study, we present model-based scenarios of global agricultural land use in 2030, as a basis for investigating the potential for land-minimized growth of world food supply through: (i) faster growth in feed-to-food efficiency in animal food production; (ii) decreased food wastage; and (iii) dietary changes in favor of vegetable food and less land-demanding meat. The scenarios are based in part on projections of global food agriculture for 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. The scenario calculations were carried out by means of a physical model of the global food and agriculture system that calculates the land area and crops/pasture production necessary to provide for a given level of food consumption.In the reference scenario - developed to represent the FAO projections - global agricultural area expands from the current 5.1. billion ha to 5.4. billion. ha in 2030. In the faster-yet-feasible livestock productivity growth scenario, global agricultural land use decreases to 4.8. billion. ha. In a third scenario, combining the higher productivity growth with a substitution of pork and/or poultry for 20% of ruminant meat, land use drops further, to 4.4. billion. ha. In a fourth scenario, applied mainly to high-income regions, that assumes a minor transition towards vegetarian food (25% decrease in meat consumption) and a somewhat lower food wastage rate, land use in these regions decreases further, by about 15%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
  •  
36.
  • Aronsson, Håkan, 1961-, et al. (author)
  • Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling
  • 2011
  • In: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 20:1, s. 15-29
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved. A literature search was conducted, and the selection criteria yielded 59 articles derived from diverse applications and methods. Most met the stated research-quality criteria. This review identified how simulation can facilitate decision making and that it may induce learning. Furthermore, simulation offers immediate feedback about proposed changes, allows analysis of scenarios, and promotes communication on building a shared system view and understanding of how a complex system works. However, only 14 of the 59 articles reported on implementation experiences, including how decision making was supported. On the basis of these articles, we proposed steps essential for the success of simulation projects, not just in the computer, but also in clinical reality. We also presented a novel concept combining simulation modeling with the established plan-do-study-act cycle for improvement. Future scientific inquiries concerning implementation, impact, and the value for health care management are needed to realize the full potential of simulation modeling.
  •  
37.
  • Ahlstrand, Roland, 1956- (author)
  • Social responsibility in connection with business closures : A study of closures of Ericsson Telecom facilities in Norrköping and Linköping
  • 2010
  • In: Economic and Industrial Democracy. - London : Sage Publications. - 0143-831X .- 1461-7099. ; 31:4, s. 537-555
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The present article analyses why and how Ericsson Telecom assumeda greater responsibility than was legally required when it dismissedmore than 23,000 employees in Sweden at the beginning of the21st century. The analysis starts from neoinstitutional theoryand is based on case studies of the company’s closuresin Norrköping and Linköping. The article focuses,in particular, on the interaction between Ericsson, the tradeunions, the County Administrative Board, the County Labour Board,the Public Employment Service, the Swedish Employment SecurityCouncil, the government and the respective municipalities. Itis shown that the greater responsibility taken by Ericsson wasbased on its desire to maintain legitimacy by taking into considerationprevailing societal expectations regarding the company’sbehaviour.
  •  
38.
  • Arbuthnott, Andrew, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • When a new industry meets traditional and declining ones: An integrative approach towards dialectics and social movement theory in a model of regional industry emergence processes
  • 2010
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 26:3, s. 290-308
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper takes an integrative approach towards dialectics and social movement theories in a model of regional industry emergence processes. Based on an inductive qualitative investigation we describe how a new industry emerges in a declining and peripheral region dominated by struggling and traditional local industry. The emanating model of regional industry emergence is based on four main processes; framing processes, movement mobilisation processes, inter-industry relational processes and dialectical processes, which together shape the emerging regional industry. This exemplifies how new regional industry mobilisation efforts provide an ‘anti-thesis' to traditional industry, and how established industry actors respond with contestation to protect their business concepts. Furthermore we illustrate how new industry actors reframe their concepts to complement dominating traditional industry and to overcome tensions and conflicts. Following dialectic interaction between new and traditional industry we noticed signs of acceptance and synthesis between the newly formed and old industry actors; ultimately resulting in a revitalisation of the region's traditional industry. As such, the paper makes a point of accounting for agency and productive conflict when understanding regional industry renewal and emergence.
  •  
39.
  • Svensson, Mikael, 1980, et al. (author)
  • Adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden.
  • 2010
  • In: Scandinavian journal of public health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:2, s. 184-91
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This article compares adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use among first- and second-generation immigrants from Nordic, non-Nordic European and non-European countries with that of the native Swedish majority population.
  •  
40.
  • Arbuthnott, Andrew, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Renewing industry cluster development via interregional industry-university links
  • 2011
  • In: International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1753-0660 .- 1753-0679. ; 3:6, s. 604-631
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The importance of developing regional industry clusters has grown alongside the need for industries and universities to be more interlinked. A regional automotive testing industry cluster, located in the north of Sweden, is the innovative empirical setting for this research paper. Following the logic of induction, it is discovered that as the regional industry reached a certain maturity, renewal was sought via developing links to universities within other regions in Sweden. A conceptual sensemaking lens is used to theorise upon the links thus formed and to develop new insights into regional industry renewal processes and interregional industry-university links. Practical insights stemming from the case are also explained, and future research directions provided.
  •  
41.
  • Krüger, Niclas A (author)
  • The Impact of Economic Fluctuations on Crime : A Multiscale Analysis
  • 2011
  • In: Applied Economics Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 18:2, s. 179-182
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this article we use a wavelet-based approach in order to analyse the periodicity in the relationship between economic fluctuations and different types of crime. All examined types of crime share seasonal behaviour with variations of real economic activity. Removing the intrayear dynamics, we find that the effect of real economic activity is different between different types of crime. We conclude that property crimes, violence crimes and sex crimes are countercyclical. The reverse is true for both alcohol/drug-related crimes and economic crimes, because there is a highly significant increase of these types of crime during economic expansions.
  •  
42.
  • Andersson, Camilla, 1979-, et al. (author)
  • Impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia on livestock and tree holdings of rural households
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3878 .- 1872-6089. ; 94:1, s. 119-126
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We evaluated the impacts of the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural households' holdings of livestock and forest assets/trees. We found no indication that participation in PSNP induces households to disinvest in livestock or trees. In fact, households that participated in the program increased the number of trees planted, but there was no increase in their livestock holdings. We found no strong evidence that the PSNP protects livestock in times of shock. Shocks appear to lead households to disinvest in livestock, but not in trees. Our results suggest that there is increased forestry activity as a result of PSNP, and that improved credit access encourages households to increase their livestock holdings.
  •  
43.
  • Martin, Roman, et al. (author)
  • Innovation in symbolic industries : the geography and organization of knowledge sourcing
  • 2011
  • In: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 19:7, s. 1183-1203
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper deals with geographical and organizational patterns of knowledge flows in the media industry of southern Sweden, an industry that is characterized by a strong ?symbolic? knowledge base. The aim is to address the question of the local versus the non-local as the prime arena for knowledge exchange, and to examine the organizational patterns of knowledge sourcing with specific attention paid to the nature of the knowledge sourced. Symbolic industries draw heavily on creative production and a cultural awareness that is strongly embedded in the local context; thus knowledge flows and networks are expected to be most of all locally configured, and firms to rely on less formalized knowledge sources rather than scientific knowledge or principles. Based on structured and semi-structured interviews with firm representatives, these assumptions are empirically assessed through social network analysis and descriptive statistics. Our findings show that firms rely above all on knowledge that is generated in project work through learning-by-doing and by interaction with other firms in localized networks.
  •  
44.
  • Martin, Roman, et al. (author)
  • Regional innovation Policy Beyond 'Best practice': Lessons from Sweden
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of the Knowledge Economy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-7865 .- 1868-7873. ; 2:4, s. 550-568
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This paper deals with policy measures in the regional innovation system of Scania, Southern Sweden. Focus is on the innovation policy requirements of actors representing industries that draw on different knowledge bases. Previous studies have identified profound industry-specific differences concerning the organisation of knowledge sourcing between firms and other actors. In correspondence with these findings, industries are also expected to vary with regard to how policy measures aiming to support innovation are perceived and implemented. Still, there is a tendency among regional policy programmes to base their strategies on one ‘best practice’ model, inspired by successful (or sometimes less successful) cases in other parts of the world. Here, regional policy initiatives targeting three distinct industries in Scania, namely life science, food and moving media, are discussed, in particular their ability to meet the specific needs and demands of firms in these industries. The findings reveal that the existing initiatives are customized on a rather generic level and not sufficiently fine-tuned to the particular needs and demands of the respective actors. Policies are recommended to take the specific characteristics of the industrial knowledge base into account in order to provide appropriate support and to become an effective part of the institutional framework of the regional innovation system.
  •  
45.
  • Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971-, et al. (author)
  • Feeding the Horse : Unofficial Economic Activities within the Police Force in the DR Congo
  • 2011
  • In: African Security. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1939-2206 .- 1939-2214. ; December 2011:Issue 4, s. 223-241
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Based on original interview material, this article addresses the organization of unofficial economic activities within the Congolese (Democratic Republic of the Congo) police force. In contrast to dominant assumptions in security sector reform discourses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in which property violations tend to be portrayed as disorganized, ad-hoc activities, following from irregular and insufficient salaries, the article shows how property violations are highly organized with large portions flowing upward in the chain of command. However, the article also argues for the need to go beyond one-dimensional notions of “unrestrained predation” and simplistic dichotomies between civilians (victims) and police/military (predators). Furthermore, it argues for a more contextual analysis in which the core security sector institutions are situated more firmly in the political and economic context in which they operate.
  •  
46.
  • Milestad, Rebecka, et al. (author)
  • Essential multiple functions of farms in rural communities and landscapes
  • 2011
  • In: Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. - 1742-1705 .- 1742-1713. ; 26:2, s. 137-148
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As farms are consolidated into larger operations and small farms close down for economic reasons, rural areas lose ecological, social and economic functions related to farming. Biodiversity and scenic, open-vista landscapes are lost as fields are left unmanaged. Social and economic benefits such as local job opportunities and meeting places disappear. Four Swedish rural communities were examined to increase our understanding of the functions that a diverse agriculture provides and which of these are lost as farms cease operation and overall rural social capital is depleted. Workshops and interviews with village action groups and with farmers were carried out. Both groups identified key functions from farming that are important to the rural community, such as production of food and fiber, businesses and jobs, human services, local security, ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and biodiversity, and functions pertaining to quality of life. Several ways in which village action groups can support agriculture were identified that current industrial agriculture and even agri-environmental schemes fail to achieve. These include organizing local meeting places, encouraging local processing and consumption and supporting farmers in their work. We conclude that agriculture and village action groups match well in community development and that policies supporting this match would be useful.
  •  
47.
  • Johanson, Jan, et al. (author)
  • Markets as networks: implications for strategy-making
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0092-0703 .- 1552-7824. ; 39:4, s. 484-491
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Based on empirical studies of firm exchangeactivities in business markets, this paper outlines a businessnetwork view of the firm-market relationship, which differsfundamentally from the view assumed by neo-classicaleconomic theory. We define business networks as sets of connected business relationships. Thus business relationships and connections between relationships are the critical elements in the business network view. It is assumed, as suggested by the Uppsala internationalization process model, that an interplay between knowledge and commitment development is the mechanism that drives the relationship and network development process. Against this background the paper discusses how strategic change is analyzed in literature on alliances and networks. In conclusion the paper presents a set of propositions about strategy-making in business network settings.
  •  
48.
  • Larson, Mia (author)
  • Innovation and Creativity in Festival Organisations
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1936-8623 .- 1936-8631. ; 20:3, s. 287-310
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study contributes to understanding processes of innovation and creativity in festival organizations. The focus is on the internal work of renewing the festival. Three case studies of Swedish festival organizations demonstrate how festival workers attempt to renew the festival product. Processes of renewal include various ways of encouraging new ideas and creative solutions, such as brainstorming, imitation of similar products, and influences from the external environment. Two main processes of renewal were identified: institutionalized and emergent. The study further elaborated on the emergent process of renewal, thus identifying incremental and improvised renewal. Different factors contributing to or hindering innovations were distinguished; the demands of potential visitors, the management's view on renewal, the team's view on renewal, the organizational culture, and change of managers and staff.
  •  
49.
  • Krüger, Niclas A., et al. (author)
  • Good times are drinking times : empirical evidence on business cycles and alcohol sales in Sweden 1861-2000
  • 2010
  • In: Applied Economics Letters. - Oxfordshire: United Kingdom : Routledge. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 17:6, s. 543-546
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This article studies the relationship between the business cycle and alcohol sales in Sweden using a data set for the years 1861-2000. Using wavelet-based band-pass filtering, it is found that there is a pro-cyclical relationship, i.e. alcohol sales increases in short-term economic upturns. Using moving window techniques, we see that the pro-cyclical relationship holds over the entire time period. We also find that alcohol sales are a long-memory process with nonstationary behaviour, i.e. a shock in alcohol sales has persistent effects.
  •  
50.
  • Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, 1964-, et al. (author)
  • Innovative entrepreneurship policy : linking innovation and entrepreneurship in a European context
  • 2010
  • In: Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. - Järfälla : CoAction Publishing. - 2000-7396. ; 1:1, s. 5602-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Today it is a well-established fact that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important for economic growth and renewal. The ‘carrying out of new combinations’ may, however, have less to do with the size of a firm or organization, instead ‘newness’ in the form of innovation and entrepreneurship has again caught the attention of many academics and policymakers. Even so it is argued in this paper that the two areas of innovation policy a d entrepreneurship policy (both relatively recent as distinct policy areas) are seldom integrated and the concept of ‘innovative entrepreneurship policy’ has not yet fully emerged. This paper attempts to make a bridge between and integrate innovation and entrepreneurship policy. The paper presents an overview of innovation and entrepreneurship policies as derivatives of other policy areas, hinting at why it might be problematic to integrate an innovative entrepreneurship policy into existing policy areas. It is argued that public policy promoting innovation and economic growth must also involve instruments promoting entrepreneurship. Since this task is not easily accomplished, the concept of an Innovative entrepreneurship policy is also introduced in the discussion. It is argued that policies in favor of ‘innovative’ entrepreneurship should be considered in the context of a ‘holistic’ entrepreneurship policy framework. For innovative entrepreneurship to be able to fully contribute to economic growth and development it is suggested that its importance will need to be further acknowledged in innovation as well as entrepreneurship policies.
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