| 1. |
- Al Khatib, O, et al.
(author)
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Workplace Violence against Health Care Providers in Emergency Departments of Public Hospitals in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
- 2023
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In: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 20:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare providers is a serious problem that carries health, safety, and legal consequences. Healthcare providers working in emergency departments (ED) are more susceptible to WPV compared to other healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses in public hospitals in Amman, Jordan, and to explore the relationship between WPV and the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 67 physicians and 96 nurses from three public hospitals in Amman. In the past year, 33% and 53% of the participants experienced physical and verbal violence, respectively. Compared to their female counterparts, males were more frequently physically (43.7% vs. 2.3%, p-value < 0.001) and verbally (61.3% vs. 29.5%, p-value < 0.001) abused. The main perpetrators of physical and verbal violence were the patients’ relatives. Out of 53 physical and 86 verbal abuse incidents, only 15 cases (10.8%) were followed up with legal persecution. In conclusion, there is a widespread occurrence of physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses in the public sector hospitals in Jordan. A collaborative effort by all stakeholders should be instituted to ensure the safety of the physicians and nurses and to improve the quality of the healthcare provided.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Taha, Hana, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge and Practices of Colorectal Cancer Early Detection Examinations in Jordan : A Cross Sectional Study
- 2019
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In: Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. - : EpiSmart Science Vector Ltd. - 1513-7368 .- 2476-762X. ; 20:3, s. 831-838
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked the third most common cancer among men and the second in women. The American Cancer Society recommends that starting from the age 50 years, both men and women should be screened for polyps and for early detection of CRC. In Jordan, CRC is the most common cancer among males and the second most common cancer among females. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of CRC early detection tests and the barriers and motivators of screening in Jordan. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 300 males and 300 females recruited using stratified clustered random sampling technique from four governorates in Jordan. The participants were aged 30 to 65 years, without a previous history of CRC. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to assess knowledge and practices of CRC early detection tests. Results: Overall, there were poor knowledge and practices of CRC early detection tests. Better knowledge and practices were significantly associated with previously consulting a doctor due to symptoms and worries from CRC, receiving a recommendation from a doctor to perform CRC testing, or having more knowledge about CRC signs and symptoms (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a need for raising awareness about CRC early detection tests in Jordan, especially among those aged 50 years and above, and those who have a family history of CRC. Additionally, it is important to educate and encourage physicians to recommend CRC screening to patients that are at higher risk of the disease.
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| 5. |
- Khalaf, Atika, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Perceived and ideal body image in young women in South Western Saudi Arabia
- 2015
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In: Journal of Obesity. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0708. ; 2015, s. 1-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate perceived and ideal body image (BI) and associated factors among female university students in Saudi Arabia. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 663 university female students. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, BMI, and BI perception (the 9-figure silhouette) were obtained. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results. An agreement between actual, perceived, and ideal BI was found in 23% of the participants. Behavioral (activity levels), social (presence of obese parents and fathers’ level of education), and economic factors (households’ monthly income, number of cars in the household, and kind of residence) were positively and significantly associated with the desire to be thinner. Similarly, socioeconomic associations (number of sisters and number of cars in the household) correlated positively and significantly with the desire to be heavier. Conclusions. The whole family should rather be considered in interventions related to appearance concerns and BI discrepancies. Furthermore, campaigns targeting improvement of adolescents’ physical self-image should be a major priority of the public health sector.
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| 6. |
- Niklasson, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Diabetes Prevention Through Antiviral Treatment in Biobreeding Rats
- 2016
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In: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 29:8, s. 452-458
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A picornavirus (Ljungan virus) has been associated with diabetes in its wild rodent reservoir and in diabetesprone biobreeding (DP-BB) rats. We attempted to alter the development of diabetes in DP-BB rats using two anti-picornavirus compounds (pleconaril and APO-N039), singly or in combination. Antiviral therapy was initiated 2 weeks before expected onset of diabetes. Pleconaril or APO-N039 alone did not affect the debut of diabetes. However, animals receiving a combination of both compounds were protected for at least the entire period of treatment (4 weeks after expected time of diabetes onset). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the presence and distribution of virus antigen in the pancreatic islets coincided with the clinical status of the animal. Data indicate that a treatable picornavirus can be involved in the cellular assault resulting in diabetes and in these cases the disease mechanism appears to involve a virus present in the pancreatic beta cell mass itself.
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| 7. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(author)
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Charged particle multiplicity in three-jet events and two-gluon systems
- 2005
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; C:44, s. 311-331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The charged particle multiplicity in hadronic three-jet events from Z decays is investigated. The topology dependence of the event multiplicity is found to be well described by a modified leading logarithmic prediction. A parameter fit of the prediction to the data yields a measurement of the colour factor ratio C-A/C-F with the result C-A/C-F = 2.261 +/- 0.014(stat). +/- 0.036(exp). +/- 0-066(theo). in agreement with the SU(3) expectation of QCD. The quark-related contribution to the event multiplicity is subtracted from the three-jet event multiplicity resulting in a measurement of the multiplicity of two-gluon colour-singlet states over a wide energy range. The ratios r = N-gg(s)/Ng (g) over bar (s) of the gluon and quark multiplicities and r((1)) = N'(gg)(s)/N'g (g) over bar (s) of their derivatives are compared with perturbative calculations. While a good agreement between calculations and data is observed for r((1)), larger deviations are found for r indicating that non-perturbative effects are more important for r than for r((1)).
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| 11. |
- Al-Kharusi, Enass Said, et al.
(author)
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Drought Offsets the Controls on Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in Lakes
- 2024
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In: Remote Sensing. - 2072-4292. ; 16:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concentration of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in lakes is strongly influenced by climate, land cover, and topographic settings, but it is not known how drought may affect the relative importance of these controls. Here, we evaluate the controls of CDOM during two summers with strongly contrasting values of the Palmer drought index (PDI), indicating wet vs. dry conditions. We hypothesized that lake CDOM during a wet summer season is regulated mainly by the surrounding land cover to which the lakes are hydrologically connected, while, during drought, the lakes are disconnected from the catchment and CDOM is regulated by climatic and morphometric factors that govern the internal turnover of CDOM in the lakes. A suite of climate, land cover, and morphometric variables was assembled and used to explain remotely sensed CDOM values for 255 boreal lakes distributed across broad environmental and geographic gradients in Sweden and Norway. We found that PDI explained the variability in CDOM among lakes in a dry year, but not in a wet year, and that severe drought strongly decreased CDOM during the dry year. Large lakes, especially, with a presumed high degree of catchment uncoupling, showed low CDOM during the dry year. However, in disagreement with our hypothesis, climate, land cover, and morphometry all showed a stronger impact on lake CDOM in wet vs. dry years. Thus, drought systematically weakened the predictability of CDOM variations at the same time as CDOM was offset toward lower values. Our results show that drought not only has a direct effect on CDOM, but also acts indirectly by changing the spatial regulation of CDOM in boreal lakes.
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| 12. |
- Al-kharusi, Enass Said., et al.
(author)
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Large-Scale Retrieval of Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter in Northern Lakes Using Sentinel-2 Data
- 2020
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In: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 12:1, s. 157-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Owing to the significant societal value of inland water resources, there is a need for cost-effective monitoring of water quality on large scales. We tested the suitability of the recently launched Sentinel-2A to monitor a key water quality parameter, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in various types of lakes in northern Sweden. Values of a(420)CDOM (CDOM absorption at 420 nm wavelength) were obtained by analyzing water samples from 46 lakes in five districts across Sweden within an area of approximately 800 km2. We evaluated the relationships between a(420)CDOM and band ratios derived from Sentinel-2A Level-1C and Level-2A products. The band ratios B2/B3 (460 nm/560 nm) and B3/B5 (560 nm/705 nm) showed poor relationships with a(420)CDOM in Level-1C and 2A data both before and after the removal of outliers. However, there was a slightly stronger power relationship between the atmospherically-corrected B3/B4 ratio and a(420)CDOM (R2 = 0.28, n = 46), and this relationship was further improved (R2 = 0.65, n = 41) by removing observations affected by light haze and cirrus clouds. This study covered a wide range of lakes in different landscape settings and demonstrates the broad applicability of a(420)CDOM retrieval algorithms based on the B3/B4 ratio derived from Sentinel-2A. View Full-Text
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| 13. |
- Al-Qahtani, SM, et al.
(author)
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17β-Estradiol suppresses visceral adipogenesis and activates brown adipose tissue-specific gene expression
- 2017
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In: Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1868-1891 .- 1868-1883. ; 29:1, s. 13-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both functional ovaries and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) may permit the development of a molecular targeting strategy for the treatment of metabolic disease. This study examines how the promotion of insulin sensitivity and weight loss by E2 treatment in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice involve several anti-adipogenic processes in the visceral adipose tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed specific reductions in visceral adipose tissue volume in HFD+E2 mice, compared with HFD mice. This loss of adiposity was associated with diminished visceral adipocyte size and reductions in expression of lipogenic genes, adipokines and of the nuclear receptor
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| 17. |
- Berggren, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Decreasing organic carbon bioreactivity in European rivers
- 2020
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In: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 65:6, s. 1128-1138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- European rivers experience increased loading of total organic carbon (TOC) from terrestrial sources due to factors involving changes in land use, climate and soil acidity. However, little is known about how increased TOC is linked to changes in the bioreactivity of organic matter in these rivers on a continental scale. We compiled paired measurements of TOC and biological oxygen demand in 5‐day 20°C dark incubations from 3,486 EU monitoring rivers. Assuming first‐order decay and a fixed respiratory quotient, annual average TOC and biological oxygen demand values were used to calculate 11,060 values of the decay coefficient k . The k decreased by two orders of magnitude as a power function of increasing TOC. This relationship could partly be explained by carbon quality, as the C:N ratio of the organic matter was the lowest in high‐reactivity low‐TOC rivers, and vice versa. A trend analysis showed that TOC increased by 18% from 1996 to 2012, while k decreased by as much as 50%. As a consequence, the biological oxygen demand in the water decreased over time in spite of the water browning trend (increased TOC). Together, these results suggest that reactivity is low near terrestrial hot spots for TOC export, and low during years with high terrestrial TOC loading, but increases in rivers with low TOC concentrations where internal processes in the water have high relative influence on bulk TOC quality. Thus, browning of European freshwaters is linked to strong decreases in TOC reactivity on a continental scale, suggesting that the impacts of browning on microbial water deoxygenation and greenhouse gas production are less severe than previously thought.
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| 18. |
- Berggren, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Unified understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic controls of dissolved organic carbon reactivity in aquatic ecosystems
- 2022
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In: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 103:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite our growing understanding of the global carbon cycle, scientific consensus on the drivers and mechanisms that control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) turnover in aquatic systems is lacking, hampered by the mismatch between research that approaches DOC reactivity from either intrinsic (inherent chemical properties) or extrinsic (environmental context) perspectives. Here we propose a conceptual view of DOC reactivity in which the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors controls turnover rates and determines which reactions will occur. We review three major types of reactions (biological, photochemical, and flocculation) from an intrinsic chemical perspective and further define the environmental features that modulate the expression of chemically inherent reactivity potential. Finally, we propose hypotheses of how extrinsic and intrinsic factors together shape patterns in DOC turnover across the land-to-ocean continuum, underscoring that there is no intrinsic DOC reactivity without environmental context. By acknowledging the intrinsic–extrinsic control duality, our framework intends to foster improved modeling of DOC reactivity and its impact on ecosystem services.
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| 19. |
- Datta-Chaudhuri, Timir, et al.
(author)
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The Fourth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit "Technology Targeting Molecular Mechanisms" : current progress, challenges, and charting the future
- 2021
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In: Bioelectronic medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 2332-8886. ; 7:1
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a broad and growing interest in Bioelectronic Medicine, a dynamic field that continues to generate new approaches in disease treatment. The fourth bioelectronic medicine summit "Technology targeting molecular mechanisms" took place on September 23 and 24, 2020. This virtual meeting was hosted by the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health. The summit called international attention to Bioelectronic Medicine as a platform for new developments in science, technology, and healthcare. The meeting was an arena for exchanging new ideas and seeding potential collaborations involving teams in academia and industry. The summit provided a forum for leaders in the field to discuss current progress, challenges, and future developments in Bioelectronic Medicine. The main topics discussed at the summit are outlined here.
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| 20. |
- Herzog, Katharina, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery : Is It All About Calories?
- 2020
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 69:9, s. 2027-2035
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bariatric surgery is an efficient method to induce weight loss and also, frequently, remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Unpaired studies have shown bariatric surgery and dietary interventions to differentially affect multiple hormonal and metabolic parameters, suggesting that bariatric surgery causes T2D remission at least partially via unique mechanisms. In the current study, plasma metabolite profiling was conducted in patients with (n = 10) and without T2D (n = 9) subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Mixed-meal tests were conducted at baseline, after the presurgical very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) intervention, immediately after RYGB, and after a 6-week recovery period. Thereby, we could compare fasted and postprandial metabolic consequences of RYGB and VLCD in the same patients. VLCD yielded a pronounced increase in fasting acylcarnitine levels, whereas RYGB, both immediately and after a recovery period, resulted in a smaller but opposite effect. Furthermore, we observed profound changes in lipid metabolism following VLCD but not in response to RYGB. Most changes previously associated with RYGB were found to be consequences of the presurgical dietary intervention. Overall, our results question previous findings of unique metabolic effects of RYGB and suggest that the effect of RYGB on the metabolite profile is mainly attributed to caloric restriction.
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| 23. |
- Khalaf, Atika, et al.
(author)
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Determinants of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors, and BMI among female university students in South Western Saudia Arabia (KSA)
- 2012
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In: Clinical Nutrition Supplements, 2012, 7(1), page 263. ; , s. 263-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of PA, sedentary behaviors, and BMI among female university students in south western KSA.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 663 female students who were randomly selected from a female university centre. Logistic regressions were used to identify determinants for moderate and vigorous PA, sedentary behaviors, and overweight/obesity and underweight.Results: The females reported moderate PA in 49% and vigorous PA in 21% of cases, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. Total energy expenditure in METs-min/week increased with increased BMI (1216 among underweight, 1474 among normal weight, and 1810 among overweight). Sedentary behaviors were found among 15% of participants. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24%, and underweight 19%. Significant predictors for moderate PA were found to be present of one obese parent (negative relation), proximity to parks, and BMI (positive relation) while vigorous PA was predicted by age, fathers' level of education, waist-height ratio (negative relation), mothers' level of education, proximity to molls and parks, and BMI (positive relation). Sedentary behaviours were only predicted by proximity to parks. Overweight and obesity were found to correlate to the number of sisters (negative relation), presence of one obese parent, obese siblings, and proximity to molls (positive relation). On the other hand, both age and presence of obese parents were found to be negatively and significantly correlated to underweight.Conclusion: A minority of the subjects met with current recommendations for PA. Intervention studies and implementation of national nutritional and PA guidelines are needed and should be integrated in the education of the adolescents and young adults.
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| 24. |
- Khalaf, Atika, et al.
(author)
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Determinants of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors, and BMI among female university students in South Western Saudia Arabia (KSA)
- 2012
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rationale: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of PA, sedentary behaviors, and BMI among female university students in south western KSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 663 female students who were randomly selected from a female university centre. Logistic regressions were used to identify determinants for moderate and vigorous PA, sedentary behaviors, and overweight/obesity and underweight. Results: The females reported moderate PA in 49% and vigorous PA in 21% of cases, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. Total energy expenditure in METs-min/week increased with increased BMI (1216 among underweight, 1474 among normal weight, and 1810 among overweight). Sedentary behaviors were found among 15% of participants. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24%, and underweight 19%. Significant predictors for moderate PA were found to be present of one obese parent (negative relation), proximity to parks, and BMI (positive relation) while vigorous PA was predicted by age, fathers' level of education, waist-height ratio (negative relation), mothers' level of education, proximity to molls and parks, and BMI (positive relation). Sedentary behaviours were only predicted by proximity to parks. Overweight and obesity were found to correlate to the number of sisters (negative relation), presence of one obese parent, obese siblings, and proximity to molls (positive relation). On the other hand, both age and presence of obese parents were found to be negatively and significantly correlated to underweight. Conclusion: A minority of the subjects met with current recommendations for PA. Intervention studies and implementation of national nutritional and PA guidelines are needed and should be integrated in the education of the adolescents and young adults.
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| 25. |
- Khalaf, Atika, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Female university students’ physical activity levels and associated factors : a cross-sectional study in southwestern Saudi Arabia
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 10:8, s. 3502-3517
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The high prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia is a growing challenge to public health. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of physical activity (PA) and associated factors among female university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 663 randomly selected female university students who completed the Arab Teens Life Style questionnaire. Data included measurements of anthropometric, socioeconomic and environmental factors, as well as self-reported PA. Ordinal regression was used to identify associated factors with low, moderate and high PA levels. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.4 years (SD 1.5). Mean BMI of the students in relation to PA were 23.0, 22.9, 22.1 for high, moderate and low levels of activity, respectively. The analysis revealed significantly higher PA levels among married students, those with high educated mothers, and those who lived far from parks, and lower activity levels among underweight students. Conclusions: This study raises four important determinants for female university students’ PA levels. These factors could be of great importance in the endeavor to prevent the health-threatening increase in physical inactivity patterns and thus non-communicable diseases and obesity where the focus should be on the specific situation and needs of women in Saudi Arabia.
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