| 1. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 2. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Treatment as usual in effectiveness studies : what is it and does it matter?
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Social Welfare. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 22:1, s. 25-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A hallmark of an evidence-based practice (EBP) is the systematic appraisal of research related to the effectiveness of interventions. This study addressed the issue of interpreting results from effectiveness studies that use treatment-as-usual (TAU) as a comparator. Using randomised controlled studies that evaluate the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy as an illustrative example, we show that TAU includes a wide variety of treatment alternatives. Estimated treatment effects on recidivism suggest that TAU seems to contain a greater variation in underlying risk than experimental conditions, supporting the hypothesis that the content of TAU could affect outcomes. Implications for the realisation of an EBP are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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In: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
In: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis : The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; , s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Distribution of mesopredatory fish determined by habitat variables in a predator-depleted coastal system
- 2016
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In: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shallow nearshore habitats are highly valued for supporting marine ecosystems, but are subject to intense human-induced pressures. Mesopredatory fish are key components in coastal food webs, and alterations in their abundance may have evident effects also on other parts of the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the abundance of coastal mesopredatory fish, defined as mid-trophic level demersal and benthic species with a diet consisting predominantly of invertebrates, and ambient environmental variables in a fjord system influenced by both eutrophication and overfishing. A field survey was conducted over a coastal gradient comprising 300 data points sampled consistently for fish community and environmental data. Results from multivariate and univariate analyses supported each other, demonstrating that mesopredatory fish abundance at species and functional group level was positively related to the cover of structurally complex vegetation and negatively related to eutrophication, as measured by water transparency. Contrary to other studies showing an inverse relationship to piscivore abundance over time, the spatial distribution of mesopredatory fish was not locally regulated by the abundance of piscivorous fish, probably attributed to piscivores being at historically low levels due to previous overfishing. Mesopredatory fish abundance was highest in areas with high habitat quality and positively related to the abundance of piscivores, suggesting a predominance of bottom-up processes. We conclude that, in parallel with ongoing regulations of fishing pressure, measures to restore habitat function and food web productivity are important for the recovery of coastal fish communities in the area.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Relative impacts of fishing and eutrophication on coastal fish assessed by comparing a no-take area with an environmental gradient
- 2019
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:6, s. 565-579
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the relative impacts of pressures on coastal ecosystems is central for implementing relevant measures to reach environmental management objectives. Here, survey data on the species and size composition of coastal fish are evaluated in relation to fishing and eutrophication, by comparing a long-standing no-take area to an environmental gradient in the Baltic Sea. The no-take area represents an intermediate eutrophication level, but the species composition resembles that seen at low eutrophication in areas with fishing. The catch biomass of piscivores is 2-3 times higher in the no-take area than in the other areas, while the biomass of Cyprinids, generally benefitted by eutrophication, corresponds to that of areas with low eutrophication. The results support that fishing may generate eutrophication-like effects, and, conversely, that no-take areas may contribute to improving environmental status in impacted areas by enhancing piscivores, which in turn may contribute to further improvement in the food web.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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GIS-baserade metoder för att kartlägga fiskars livsmiljöer i grunda havsområden
- 2011
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Inom den marina planeringen är tillgången på kartunderlag över olika naturtypers och arters utbredningar en ofta förekommande begränsning. Målsättningen med det här projektet har varit att utveckla och utvärdera GIS-baserade metoder för att skapa modellerade kartor över fiskars utbredning i utsjöområden. Sådana kartor kan användas för att utvärdera olika områdens relativa betydelse för fisk. Kartorna producerade i denna studie skall dock betraktas som resultat av metodstudier snarare än färdiga kartor som kan användas i planeringsärenden.Ett viktigt användningsområde för kartor över livsmiljöer för fisk är att vid planläggningen av områden för havsbaserad vindkraft kunna identifiera områden där sannolikheten för negativ påverkan på fiskbestånden är låg. Många utsjöområden som kan vara av intresse för vindkraft är samtidigt viktiga lek- och uppväxtområden för fisk. Vindparkerna kan potentiellt störa fiskars livsmiljöer, framför allt genom att medföra strukturella förändringar och en ökad mängd undervattensljud, och dessa risker bör värderas inom den sammanvägda marina planeringen.GIS-baserad modellering utgör ett komplement till inventeringar genom provfiske, och är en metod för att optimera nyttjandet av den information som samlas vid inventeringar. På basen av data från enskilda provfiskepunkter skapas heltäckande kartor över den sannolika förekomsten av den studerade fiskarten inom större geografiska områden. Analyserna bygger på att man skapar statistiska modeller för vilken typ av livsmiljö olika fiskarter föredrar, och sedan med hjälp av GIS rumsligt visualiserar var sådana livsmiljöer förekommer. Rapporten baserar sig på fallstudier från två separata havsområden:I den första studien tog vi fram modeller för habitatbildande växt- och djurarter, samt för de vanligast förekommande fiskarterna i Kattegatt, baserat på inventeringar vid utsjögrunden Lilla Middelgrund och Fladen i Kattegatt. Därefter undersökte vi i vilken mån den modellerade utbredningen av habitatbildande arter kan användas för att beskriva utbredningen av fisk. Inom studien jämförde vi även styrkan i så kallade abundansmodeller och förekomstmodeller, samt testade hur överförbara modellerna är mellan olika områden.I den andra studien modellerade vi abundansen av de dominerande arterna torsk, piggvar och skrubbskädda i grundområden i södra Egentliga Östersjön. Vi testade olika miljövariablers användbarhet i utbredningsmodeller på en regional skala, samt jämförbarheten mellan modeller baserade på data från olika delar av studieområdet.Resultaten visade att rumslig modellering är användbar för att identifiera viktiga livsmiljöer för fisk i grunda havsområden där vindkraftsetablering kan bli aktuell. Två olika skalor för att jämföra användbarhet och precision kunde identifieras; dels modeller för att studera skillnader inom enskilda utsjögrund/delområden, dels modeller för att studera skillnader mellan olika grund inom större havsområden. Modellerna för enskilda utsjögrund/delområden gav som regel starkare modeller, men på bekostnad av generaliserbarhet eftersom de är baserade på lokala utbredningsmönster.Oavsett om målsättningen är att bygga modeller för ett helt havsområde eller för ett enskilt grund, är det viktigt att de data som används är insamlade över hela det område som man vill uttala sig om, och täcker in hela gradienterna av de miljövariabler som styr utbredningen av arterna. Jämförelser mellan modeller på olika skala, samt tester med att föra över modeller från ett område till ett annat, visade att det sällan fungerar att använda modeller från ett grund för att predicera fiskförekomst på ett annat närliggande grund.En viktig begränsning för kvaliteten på de färdiga kartorna är tillgången på kartor över de miljövariabler som används för att beskriva förekomsten av fisk, framför allt djup och ytsubstrat (Naturvårdsverket 2009). En bättre precision på djupdata skulle även ge möjlighet att införa mer detaljerad information om variabler så som lutning och bottenkomplexitet, vilka kan användas för att karakterisera fiskhabitat. Information om en del viktiga miljövariabler som används i fiskmodellerna kan tas fram genom egen modellering eller genom enklare GIS-baserade analyser. Som ett exempel användes modellerade kartor av habitatbildande arter för att beskriva förekomsten av fisk i delstudien Kattegatt, även om en sådan tvåstegsmodellering inför en ytterligare osäkerhetsfaktor i det färdiga resultatet. Ett annat exempel är en GIS-baserad analys av avståndet till lekområden, som visade sig vara en viktig variabel för att förklara utbredningen av ungtorsk.
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| 9. |
- Boyd, Ben J., et al.
(author)
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Successful oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs both depends on the intraluminal behavior of drugs and of appropriate advanced drug delivery systems
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : ELSEVIER. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poorly water-soluble drugs continue to be a problematic, yet important class of pharmaceutical compounds for treatment of a wide range of diseases. Their prevalence in discovery is still high, and their development is usually limited by our lack of a complete understanding of how the complex chemical, physiological and biochemical processes that occur between administration and absorption individually and together impact on bioavailability. This review defines the challenge presented by these drugs, outlines contemporary strategies to solve this challenge, and consequent in silico and in vitro evaluation of the delivery technologies for poorly water-soluble drugs. The next steps and unmet needs are proposed to present a roadmap for future studies for the field to consider enabling progress in delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds.
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| 10. |
- Domert, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Aggregated Alpha-Synuclein Transfer Efficiently between Cultured Human Neuron-Like Cells and Localize to Lysosomes
- 2016
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parkinson's disease and other alpha-synucleinopathies are progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aggregates of misfolded alpha-synuclein spreading throughout the brain. Recent evidence suggests that the pathological progression is likely due to neuron-to-neuron transfer of these aggregates between neuroanatomically connected areas of the brain. As the impact of this pathological spreading mechanism is currently debated, we aimed to investigate the transfer and subcellular location of alpha-synuclein species in a novel 3D co-culture human cell model based on highly differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Fluorescently-labeled monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar species of alpha-synuclein were introduced into a donor cell population and co-cultured with an EGFP-expressing acceptor-cell population of differentiated neuron-like cells. Subsequent transfer and colocalization of the different species were determined with confocal microscopy. We could confirm cell-to-cell transfer of all three alpha-synuclein species investigated. Interestingly the level of transferred oligomers and fibrils and oligomers were significantly higher than monomers, which could affect the probability of seeding and pathology in the recipient cells. Most alpha-synuclein colocalized with the lysosomal/endosomal system, both pre- and postsynaptically, suggesting its importance in the processing and spreading of alpha-synuclein.
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