| 1. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 2. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Mapping and Evaluating Marine Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services: A Transdisciplinary Delphi Forecasting Process Framework
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important tool for management and conservation and play an increasingly recognised role in societal and human well-being. However, the assessment of MPAs often lacks a simultaneous consideration of ecological and socio-economic outcomes, and this can lead to misconceptions on the effectiveness of MPAs. In this perspective, we present a transdisciplinary approach based on the Delphi method for mapping and evaluating Marine Protected Areas for their ability to protect biodiversity while providing Ecosystem Services (ES) and related human well-being benefits – i.e., the ecosystem outputs from which people benefit. We highlight the need to include the human dimensions of marine protection in such assessments, given that the effectiveness of MPAs over time is conditional on the social, cultural and institutional contexts in which MPAs evolve. Our approach supports Ecosystem-Based Management and highlights the importance of MPAs in achieving restoration, conservation, and sustainable development objectives in relation to EU Directives such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD), and the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Robba, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest : a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial
- 2022
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In: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 26, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Optimal oxygen targets in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest are uncertain. The primary aim of this study was to describe the values of partial pressure of oxygen values (PaO2) and the episodes of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia occurring within the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association of PaO2 with patients’ outcome. Methods: Preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after OHCA (TTM2) trial. Arterial blood gases values were collected from randomization every 4 h for the first 32 h, and then, every 8 h until day 3. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2 < 60 mmHg and severe hyperoxemia as PaO2 > 300 mmHg. Mortality and poor neurological outcome (defined according to modified Rankin scale) were collected at 6 months. Results: 1418 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, and 292 patients (20.6%) were female. 24.9% of patients had at least one episode of hypoxemia, and 7.6% of patients had at least one episode of severe hyperoxemia. Both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were independently associated with 6-month mortality, but not with poor neurological outcome. The best cutoff point associated with 6-month mortality for hypoxemia was 69 mmHg (Risk Ratio, RR = 1.009, 95% CI 0.93–1.09), and for hyperoxemia was 195 mmHg (RR = 1.006, 95% CI 0.95–1.06). The time exposure, i.e., the area under the curve (PaO2-AUC), for hyperoxemia was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.003). Conclusions: In OHCA patients, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are associated with 6-months mortality, with an effect mediated by the timing exposure to high values of oxygen. Precise titration of oxygen levels should be considered in this group of patients. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02908308, Registered September 20, 2016.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids : Translation and adaptation of a Norwegian instrument
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The objective with the project is to find a valid and culturally appropriate instrument for measuring the professionals' knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids. Such an instrument could optimally be used in clinical praxis, as well as in research, for cross-sectional studies and for measuring change related to educational interventions.Materials: The Norwegian instrument Knowledge, skills and information needs on residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids was identified in the literature. Its content was, by the research group regarded as relevant in a Swedish setting, although some cultural adaptations seemed to be necessary.Methods: The translation and cultural adaptations were performed in line with the International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force For Translation and Cultural Adapation, as outlined below:1. We first asked one of the original authors for permission to translate the instrument.2. Two of the authors (KB and MB) individually translated the content of the instrument. Their first language is Swedish, but both are familiar with the Norwegian language.3. The other authors individually and together checked the translations and judged whether the statements were comprehensible in Swedish, and made necessary cultural adaptations. For example, the nursing home settings, and job types within this sector are not identical in the two countries.4. An independent person, with knowledge of both Swedish and Norwegian (Norwegian being the first language), but with no previous knowledge of the instrument made a back-translation. This person had good knowledge of the setting, being a professor in geriatrics.5. The authors compared the original version of the instrument with the back-translated version and discussed some inconsistences with the first author of the original instrument, before we all agreed on a first preliminary Swedish version.6. 12 professionals having audiological competence, experience of nursing older people or teaching in nursing piloted the first preliminary Swedish version. They suggested some reformulations of questions and responses, which were discussed and decided on within the research group.7. The next step is to test the preliminary Swedish version of the instrument, which will take place during the winter of 2019-2020. A sample of professionals working in different nursing homes in two Swedish counties will be invited to participate. The plan is to include 400 professionals. The sample size is based on an optimal sample for performing a factor analysis as part of the assessment of the psychometric properties of the preliminary Swedish version. It also allows cross-sectional sub-analyses, based on different groups of professionals and level of nursing home.8. The project will be presented in a scientific journal, and used in a future intervention study. The instrument can also be used in clinical improvement work.Conclusion: The results are promising. To the best of our knowledge, there is no Swedish instrument available for measuring professionals' knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids. It seems necessary to have such an instrument, as the number of older people increases in Sweden, as well as worldwide. Impaired hearing, as well as assistive needs increase with age, and thus it is of great importance to ensure that professionals working with older people have sufficient knowledge to assist them.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Yvonne, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Amyloid precursor-like protein 1 is differentially upregulated in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract.
- 2008
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In: Endocrine-related cancer. - 1351-0088. ; 15:2, s. 569-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have examined the global gene expression profile of small intestinal carcinoids by microarray analysis. High expression of a number of genes was found including amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1). Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated higher expression of APLP1 in carcinoid metastases relative to primary tumours indicating a role of APLP1 in tumour dissemination. Tissue microarray analysis of gastroentero-pancreatic tumours demonstrated a high frequency of APLP1 expression and a low frequency of APLP2 expression in neuroendocrine (NE) tumours when compared with non-NE tumours at the same sites. Meta-analysis of gene expression data from a large number of tumours outside the gastrointestinal tract confirmed a correlation between APLP1 expression and NE phenotype where high expression of APLP1 was accompanied by downregulation of APLP2 in NE tumours. Cellular localization of APLP1, APLP2 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in carcinoid cells (GOT1) by confocal microscopy demonstrated partial co-localization with synaptophysin. This suggests that the APP family of proteins is transported to the cell membrane by synaptic microvesicles and that they may influence tumour cell adhesion and invasiveness. We conclude that APLP1 is differentially upregulated in gastrointestinal NE tumours and that APLP1 may be important for the dissemination of small intestinal carcinoids. Identification of APLP1 in NE tumours offers a novel target for treatment and may also serve as a tumour-specific marker.
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| 8. |
- Berg, Tracy J., et al.
(author)
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The Irradiated Brain Microenvironment Supports Glioma Stemness and Survival via Astrocyte-Derived Transglutaminase 2
- 2021
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In: Cancer Research. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 81:8, s. 2101-2115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in supporting glioma stemness and radioresistance. Following radiotherapy, recurrent gliomas form in an irradiated microenvironment. Here we report that astrocytes, when pre-irradiated, increase stemness and survival of cocultured glioma cells. Tumor-naive brains increased reactive astrocytes in response to radiation, and mice subjected to radiation prior to implantation of glioma cells developed more aggressive tumors. Extracellular matrix derived from irradiated astrocytes were found to be a major driver of this phenotype and astrocyte-derived transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified as a promoter of glioma stemness and radioresistance. TGM2 levels increased after radiation in vivo and in recurrent human glioma, and TGM2 inhibitors abrogated glioma stemness and survival. These data suggest that irradiation of the brain results in the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of radiation-induced, astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix proteins may enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care radiotherapy by reducing stemness in glioma. Significance: These findings presented here indicate that radiotherapy can result in a tumor-supportive microenvironment, the targeting of which may be necessary to overcome tumor cell therapeutic resistance and recurrence.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, David, 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Bayesian optimization for selecting training and validation data for supervised machine learning
- 2019
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In: 31st annual workshop of the Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society (SAIS 2019), Umeå, Sweden, June 18-19, 2019..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Validation and verification of supervised machine learning models is becoming increasingly important as their complexity and range of applications grows. This paper describes an extension to Bayesian optimization which allows for selecting both training and validation data, in cases where data can be generated or calculated as a function of a spatial location.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis : The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; , s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
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