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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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In: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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- Cockcroft, Jeremy K., et al.
(author)
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Understanding the structure and dynamics of cationic surfactants from studies of pure solid phases
- 2019
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 21:47, s. 25945-25951
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A homologous series of n-alkyl trimethylammonium bromide surfactants, H(CH2)(n)N+(CH3)(3) Br-, from C(10)TAB to C(18)TAB have been studied systematically in the bulk over a wide range of temperatures. Common features in the structures are identified, with packing dominated by the co-ordination of the cationic head groups with bromide anions and interdigitation of the hydrocarbon chains. This arrangement provides an explanation for the thin adsorbed bilayers that have been observed at various hydrophilic surfaces from aqueous solutions in previous studies. The molecular volumes and arrangement are comparable with structures of a number of different self-assembled amphiphiles. For these surfactants with bromide counter-ions, formation of crystal hydrates was not observed. The alkyl chains are highly mobile and at high temperatures a plastic phase is found for all materials with a transition enthalpy that is similar to the melting enthalpy of many long alkyl chains. Other unexpected phase transitions depend more markedly on the hydrocarbon chain length and evidently depend on delicate balances of the various contributions to the free energy.
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- Franssen, F. M. E., et al.
(author)
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Lung Function Abnormalities in Smokers with Ischemic Heart Disease
- 2016
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In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X. ; 194:5, s. 568-576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: The aim of the ALICE (Airflow Limitation in Cardiac Diseases in Europe) study was to investigate the prevalence of airflow limitation in patients with ischemic heart disease and the effects on quality of life, healthcare use, and future health risk. Objectives: To examine prebronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry in outpatients aged greater than or equal to 40 years with clinically documented ischemic heart disease who were current or former smokers. Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 cardiovascular outpatient clinics in nine European countries. Airflow limitation was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC less than 0.70. Measurements and Main Results: Among the 3,103 patients with ischemic heart disease who were recruited, lung function was defined for 2,730 patients. Airflow limitation was observed in 30.5% of patients with ischemic heart disease: 11.3% had mild airflow limitation, 15.8% moderate airflow limitation, 3.3% severe airflow limitation, and 0.1% very severe airflow limitation. Most patients with airflow limitation (70.6%) had no previous spirometry testing or diagnosed pulmonary disease. Airflow limitation was associated with greater respiratory symptomatology, impaired health status, and more frequent emergency room visits (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Airflow limitation compatible with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects almost one-third of patients with ischemic heart disease. Although airflow limitation is associated with additional morbidity and societal burden, it is largely undiagnosed and untreated.
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- Liu, Yuhan, et al.
(author)
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Phase transitions and optical properties of the trigonal perovskite (CH3NH3)2TeCl6
- 2022
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 10:33, s. 11938-11945
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vacancy-ordered double perovskites A2BX6 are attracting attention due to the isolated octahedra making them an ideal playground for studying perovskite structure-property relationships. MA2TeCl6 single crystals have been successfully grown from solution. X-ray structure experiments as a function of temperature have demonstrated two structural phase transitions: from cubic Fm3m (high temperature, phase I) to trigonal P3m1 (intermediate temperature, phase II) at 460 K and then to trigonal P31c (low temperature, phase III) at 200 K. Intriguingly, we observe a negative thermal expansion for the c-axis in phase II believed to caused by dynamic tilting of the C-N bond in the MA(+) ion. We have modified and extended the calculation of the Brown radii ratio in the perovskites to include hybrid A2BX6 compounds by selecting the shortest A-X distance for the ratio equation. We find that for ratios between 0.89 and 1.17, typically the Fm3m cubic structure is observed, while for ratios above 1.17, mostly distorted structures are found.
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- Qazi, S. Junaid S., et al.
(author)
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Alignment of Plate-Like Particles in a Colloidal Dispersion under Flow in a Uniform Pipe Studied by High-Energy X-ray Diffraction
- 2010
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In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:24, s. 18701-18709
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-energy angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction has been used to study the alignment of colloidal suspension of kaolinite particles in water as they flow along a pipe. X-rays with energies above 25 keV have a major advantage, as they can penetrate through thick samples and walls of containers and permit investigation of samples under realistic flow conditions. As an example of the method, flow through a circular cross-section pipe with an internal diameter of 5 mm has been studied: this is typical of industrial applications. The angular distribution of intensities of peaks in the diffraction pattern as a function of the location of the pipe in the X-ray beam provides information about the alignment of particles under flow. Order parameters have been calculated to describe the alignment and direction of orientation. It is observed that the particles align in the direction of flow with their flat faces parallel to the flow. The experimental results are compared with the calculations of the local strain rate that help to explain the onset of alignment of the particles.
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| 12. |
- Qazi, S. Junaid S., et al.
(author)
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Orientation of a Dispersion of Kaolinite Flowing in a Jet
- 2012
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In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 28:8, s. 3704-3713
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Orientational alignment in a dilute dispersion of kaolinite particles has been investigated in a flow pattern that combines both shear and elongational stress, namely flow at a jet created by a 2 mm diameter nozzle inserted in a 6 mm diameter pipe. Spatially-resolved X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation permits detailed maps of the alignment to be deduced and compared with fluid mechanics calculations of the flow. The angular distribution of diffracted intensity from a given position in the pipe provides information about the orientation distribution of the particles. This is quantified and presented in terms of order parameters. The cone-shaped nozzle provides a jet of liquid giving a high degree of alignment of the particles that is uniform along lines across the conical section and constant in the small straight-sided region at the exit of the nozzle. The vortex motion that arises from the flow with a modest Reynolds number could be determined as well as the tendency for some particles to align with their large faces perpendicular to the overall flow direction at the flat surface of the nozzle outlet.
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| 13. |
- Qazi, S. Junaid S., et al.
(author)
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Use of wide-angle X-ray diffraction to measure shape and size of dispersed colloidal particles
- 2009
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In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 338:1, s. 105-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Laboratory X-ray diffraction is used to investigate the size and shape of dispersed plate-like and spherical colloidal particles. Analysis of the wide-angle diffraction data provides information about the size and shape of crystals from the width of the Bragg peaks according to the Debye-Scherrer formula. The measurements, data analysis, and evaluation are discussed. It is shown that X-ray diffraction with conventional laboratory equipment on dispersed particles is feasible as a tool to determine both particle size and shape. Data for two samples - gold colloids and nickel (II) hydroxide particles are presented. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed. X-ray diffraction measurements that are made in combination with dynamic light scattering can be used to estimate the thickness of stabilizing layers of polymers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(author)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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