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- Brokelman, Walter J A, et al.
(author)
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Decreased peritoneal tissue plasminogen activator during prolonged laparoscopic surgery.
- 2009
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In: The Journal of surgical research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8673 .- 0022-4804. ; 151:1, s. 89-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Peritoneal fibrinolysis is crucial in the peritoneal healing processes and subsequent adhesion formation. During conventional surgery, the peritoneal fibrinolytic system is rapidly disturbed. Short-term laparoscopy does not seem to affect peritoneal fibrinolysis. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of prolonged laparoscopic surgery on peritoneal fibrinolysis. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity were included in the study. During the procedure, biopsies of the parietal peritoneum were taken at the start of the procedure and each 45 min afterward. Tissue samples were homogenized and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, tPA activity, urokinase-type PA antigen, and plasminogen activating inhibitors type 1 antigen were measured using commercial assay techniques. RESULTS: Both tPA antigen and its activity progressively decreased during the procedure, reaching significant levels after 90 min of surgery. The levels of uPA antigen and plasminogen activating inhibitors antigen did not significantly change throughout the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: As for conventional surgery, prolonged laparoscopic surgery causes a decreased fibrinolytic activity in the peritoneum due to decreased tPA levels.
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| 3. |
- Brokelman, Walter J A, et al.
(author)
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Peritoneal fibrinolytic response to various aspects of laparoscopic surgery: a randomized trial.
- 2006
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In: The Journal of surgical research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4804. ; 136:2, s. 309-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Peritoneal fibrinolysis is important in peritoneal wound healing processes and adhesion formation. The peritoneal fibrinolytic response to laparoscopy is merely unknown. In the present study we investigate the effect of short-term laparoscopy on the peritoneal fibrinolytic response and the influence of intra-abdominal pressure, light intensity and choice of dissection device on this response. METHODS: There were 50 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy randomized in five groups operated with various pressures, light intensities, and dissection devices. Peritoneal biopsies were taken at the beginning and the end of the procedure. Tissue concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and the tPA-activity were measured using ELISA techniques. RESULTS: There were no differences in tPA antigen, tPA-activity, uPA antigen, or PAI-1 antigen concentrations in biopsies taken at the beginning compared to samples taken at the end of the operation. Different intra-abdominal pressures, light intensities and the choice dissection device did not affect any of the measured parameters. CONCLUSION: Short-term laparoscopy does not affect the peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. The used intra-abdominal pressure, light intensity and choice of dissection device do not affect peritoneal activity during short-term laparoscopy.
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| 5. |
- Cortes, Elisabet Eir, et al.
(author)
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Articulatory Consequences of Vocal Effort Elicitation Method
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2018. - : The International Speech Communication Association (ISCA). ; , s. 1521-1525
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Articulatory features from two datasets, Slovak and Swedish, were compared to see whether different methods of eliciting loud speech (ambient noise vs. visually presented loudness target) result in different articulatory behavior. The features studied were temporal and kinematic characteristics of lip separation within the closing and opening gestures of bilabial consonants, and of the tongue body movement from /i/ to /a/ through a bilabial consonant. The results indicate larger hyper - articulation in the speech elicited with visually presented target. While individual articulatory strategies are evident, t he speaker groups agree on increasing the kinematic features consistently within each gesture in response to the increased vocal effort. Another concerted strategy is keeping the tongue response considerably smaller than that of the lips, presumably to preserve acoustic prerequisites necessary for the adequate vowel identity. While the method of visually presented loudness target elicits larger span of vocal effort, the two elicitation methods achieve comparable consistency per loudness conditions.
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| 6. |
- Dalgaard, C. J., et al.
(author)
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Roman roads to prosperity: Persistence and non-persistence of public infrastructure
- 2022
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In: Journal of Comparative Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-5967. ; 50:4, s. 896-916
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we explore the link between public transport infrastructure investments made during antiquity and the presence of infrastructure today; as well as the link between early infrastructure and economic activity, both in the past and in the present. We examine the territory under dominion of the Roman Empire at the zenith of its geographical extension (117 CE), and find a remarkable pattern of persistence showing that greater Roman road density goes along with (a) greater modern road density, (b) greater settlement formation in 500 CE, and (c) greater economic activity in 2010–2020. Exploiting a natural experiment, we find that persistence in road density and the strong link between early road density and contemporary economic development weaken to the point of insignificance in areas where the use of wheeled vehicles was abandoned and caravan trade routes replaced road-based trade from the first millennium CE until the late modern period. Studying channels of persistence, we identify the emergence of market towns during the early medieval period and the modern era as a robust mechanism sustaining the persistent effects of the Roman roads network. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the channels through which persistence in comparative development comes about.
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| 7. |
- Eberhagen, Niclas
(author)
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On the conceptualization of support systems for the exchange of experiential knowledge between communities of practice
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Emerging Issues in Computer and Systems Sciences. - Stockholm, Sweden : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University/Royal Institute of Technology.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper is presented the idea that there is a need for a shift in considering support systems for the exchange of experiential knowledge from the individual level to a collective level, and that a successful support system must be founded on functionality that supports knowledge activities within communities of practice and on functionality that implement an organizational memory in making the knowledge available to other members of the organization. The paper presents the background to the current research that is undertaken.
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| 8. |
- Eberhagen, Niclas
(author)
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User models in information filtering
- 1994
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In: Sundsvall 42: ADB i verksamhetens tjänst. - Sundsvall, Sweden : Sundsvall 42 and The Swedish Information Processing Society.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individuals scanning information channels and filtering these according to their needs performs according to cultural and organizational psychosocial factors as well as their psychological profile, hiding their motives for selecting information. The aim is here to explore these aspects in order to understand and to improve the quality of a information selection process.
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| 9. |
- Fischer, Silvia, et al.
(author)
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Extracellular RNA Liberates Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha to Promote Tumor Cell Trafficking and Progression
- 2013
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In: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 73:16, s. 5080-5089
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extracellular RNA (eRNA) released from injured cells promotes tissue permeability, thrombosis, and inflammation in vitro and in vivo, and RNase1 pretreatment can reduce all these effects. In this study, we investigated the role of the eRNA/RNase1 system in tumor progression and metastasis. Under quiescent and stimulatory conditions, tumor cells released much higher levels of endogenous extracellular RNA (eRNA) than nontumor cells. In glioblastomas, eRNA was detected at higher levels in tumors than nontumor tissue. eRNA induced tumor cells to adhere to and migrate through human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3), in a manner requiring activation of VEGF signaling. In addition, eRNA liberated TNF-alpha from macrophages in a manner requiring activation of the TNF-alpha-converting enzyme TACE. Accordingly, supernatants derived from eRNA-treated macrophages enhanced tumor cell adhesion to HCMEC/D3. TNF-alpha release evoked by eRNA relied upon signaling activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the NF-kappa B pathway. In subcutaneous xenograft models of human cancer, administration of RNase1 but not DNase decreased tumor volume and weight. Taken together, these results suggest that eRNA released from tumor cells has the capacity to promote tumor cell invasion through endothelial barriers by both direct and indirect mechanisms, including through a mechanism involving TNF-alpha release from tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Our findings establish a crucial role for eRNA in driving tumor progression, and they suggest applications for extracellular RNase1 as an antiinvasive regimen for cancer treatment.
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| 10. |
- Gerdtman, Christer, 1968-
(author)
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Avancerade alternativa inmatningsenheter till datorer för funktionshindrade
- 2011
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Datorn är ett viktigt verktyg i vår vardag. För rörelsehindrade kan datorn vara en förutsättning för att kunna fungera i vardagen. Datorn har som tekniskt hjälpmedel gett funktionshindrade större möjligheter till meningsfulla aktiviteter, såsom att på egen hand skriva, läsa och kommunicera. Samtidigt är det inte alltid funktionshindrade klarar av att använda vanliga datorer utan behöver alternativa inmatnings- och styrenheter. Målet med denna licentiatavhandling har varit att utveckla tekniker som ska stödja personer med rörelsebegränsningar. Främst har arbetet varit att utveckla alternativa tekniker för att kunna manövrera en dator. Viktiga aspekter i arbetet har varit att göra hjälpmedlen användarvänliga, möjliga att individanpassa, och att ta tillvara de tänkta användarnas synpunkter kring behov och önskemål. Vidare har inmatningsenheten utvärderats av användare och även tillämpats som ett rehabiliteringsverktyg för en mindre patientgrupp med nackskador, så kallade pisksnärtskador. Utöver dessa vetenskapliga mål har produktionsaspekterna varit viktiga. För att säkerställa att enheten ska kunna bli en produkt måste den kunna produceras och säljas till ett rimligt pris och detta måste beaktas under hela utvecklingsprocessen. En alternativ datormus baserad på MEMS-gyroskop har utvecklats. Utvecklingen är gjord utifrån de krav de tilltänka användarna ställde på den alternativa datormusen och enheten är utprovad och förbättrad i en iterativ process mellan utvecklare och användare, så kallad användarcentrerad utvecklingsprocess. MEMS-gyron var den typ av rörelsesensor som bäst svarade mot de krav som ställdes på enheten. De användare som deltog vid ett längre fältprov var samtliga nöjda och ville behålla musen. För att underlätta processen att välja rätt typ av gyro och att kunna utvärdera deras stabilitet under olika omgivningsfaktorer, såsom temperatur och vibrationer, har en testrig för gyron utvecklats. Människors rörelsemönster skiljer sig från industriella tillämpningar och därför behövs en speciell testrigg. Testriggen roterar gyron och mäter sensorsignalen under olika betingelser. Flera gyron kan testas samtidigt och testdatat kan sparas och analyseras i efterhand. Ett interaktivt datorbaserat träningsprogram har utvecklats och utvärderats vid en pilotstudie tillsammans med den alternativa datormusen. Syftet var att låta nackskadade utföra huvudrörelser och få en feedback på att de tränar rätt. Resultatet pekar på att detta kan vara en lovande metod.
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