| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Boman, Niklas, 1984-
(author)
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Building muscle : a translation of training adaptation
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Training is preparation for what is expected to come through utilization of the plastic and resistive features of nature, known as adaptation. As such, training in humans may have a number of desired goals. These are typically related to sports performance or education. Whatever the goal, a plan needs to be made for reaching it. One needs to identify or select which activities and environments constitute the event or events to which adaptation is sought. Adaptations occurs by imposing something similar to said environment and practicing the selected activities in preparation for the events that can ultimately lead to goal fulfillment.One quite common goal of physical training is to achieve a more lean and muscular physique, be it for reasons of performance or esthetics. A leaner and more muscular physique can have many advantages for health and quality of life. If we are to prepare the body’s physical capabilities and properties, they should be utilized in the preparation. By proper design and execution of a program for physical preparation, we set out on the path to achieve the goal.A factor that is often highlighted as an important key to building muscle in the human body is the steroid hormone testosterone. According to the hormone hypothesis, increases in muscle mass are achieved through transient elevations in anabolic hormones, such as testosterone and IGF1, induced by physical training. To achieve hypertrophy of the muscles through physical training, one must ensure sure that the muscles get the correct signal, the growth signal, as a result of the training.The work presented in this thesis is, in part, an examination of the hormone hypothesis, with both empirical and theoretical elements. The empirical foundations are results of an experiment in which a group of young men were subjected to a program of physical training, designed for all intents and purposes in accordance with contemporary knowledge, to result in muscular hypertrophy in the subjects. The goal was achieved, with an average 4.6% increase in lean body mass in the subjects after the training program. However, there was no evidence that anabolic hormones were elevated at any time during the measurement period.The major part of this thesis details a model for explaining the collected observations. It is not intended to merely provide a guide for achieving a leaner more muscular physique but rather is aimed at formulating the problem of inducing the desired adaptations and difficulties involved in approaching the problem. For reasons discussed in this thesis, I do not claim that this is the full and final word on the matter. However, it goes some way toward explaining why, and perhaps how, desired goals should be formulated so that the muscles may understand them.
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| 3. |
- Krantz, Jan, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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‘Eco-Hauling’ Principles to Reduce Carbon Emissions and the Costs of Earthmoving : a Case Study
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 208, s. 479-489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mitigating emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is critical if we are to meet the increasing threats posed by global warming. Previous studies have shown conclusively that a substantial part of all carbon dioxide emissions comes from transportation, and that Eco-Driving principles based upon strategic, tactical, and operational decisions have the potential to reduce these emissions. However, these well-established principles have been neglected within the construction industry despite the large number of transport-related activities that attend most construction projects. This paper therefore aims to increase awareness and understanding within the industry of the potential reductions of both carbon dioxide emissions and the costs of earthmoving activities that could be achieved through the use of Eco-Driving principles. A new concept labeled ‘Eco-Hauling’, which extends the Eco-Driving concept to earthmoving, is proposed. A case study of a road project has been conducted and used to demonstrate the new concept. Discrete-event simulation is used to support the data analysis as it enables modeling of the dynamic interactions between equipment and activities of multiple different construction scenarios. The presented findings show that a combination of decisions taken from the proposed Eco-Hauling concept can enable earthmoving contractors to substantially reduce carbon dioxide emissions and costs while maintaining productivity. This study has implications for the general advancement of Eco-Driving theory, as well as for project management as it sets out a viable approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in construction projects.
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| 4. |
- ERIKSSON, J, et al.
(author)
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HEAVY-ION-INDUCED SPUTTERING AND CRATERING OF BIOMOLECULAR SURFACES
- 1995
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In: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-583X. ; 101:1-2, s. 142-147
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We measured the electronic-stopping-power dependences of mega-electronvolt atomic-ion-induced sputtering and cratering of bio-organic targets. We employed a collector method to study relative total yields of sputtered intact peptide molecules and scanning
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| 5. |
- Galkina, Olga
(author)
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Functional hybrid bionanomaterials based on titanium dioxide and cellulose, possessing antibacterial and drug delivery properties
- 2015
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present work focuses on development and investigation of new functional hybrid nanomaterials based on titania nanoparticles and cellulose, possessing an important set of practical properties. The study includes two parts: first, nanocrystalline TiO₂ hydrosols produced by low-temperature sol-gel synthesis were successfully applied for cotton fabric modification. Comprehensive characterization of the cotton/TiO₂ composite was undertaken using such techniques as SEM-EDX analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Nanoparticle Tracking analysis, X-ray diffraction, and TGA. The interaction of TiO₂ nanoparticles with the functional groups of cotton fibers was achieved with the help of a cross-linking agent (1,2,3,4 –butanetetracarboxylic acid) through the formation of transverse ester bonds. The obtained TiO₂/composite demonstrated high bacteriostatic effect against gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria after exposure to UV-irradiation for 10 minutes, and reduced bacteria survival by 70%. In the second part of the thesis, the nanocomposites with potential for dermal drug delivery application were developed. They were produced using titania nanosol chemically grafted onto cellulose nanofibers as active ingredient for enhanced uptake and controlled release of model drug loads. Four different medicines, Diclofenac sodium, Penicillamine-D, Phosphomycin and Tetracycline were chosen as model drugs for the synthesis and further investigation of resulting drug release systems. Two different methods of medicine introduction were used to show that various interactions between TiO₂ and drug molecule could be used to control the kinetics of long-term drug release. The viability on the action of the released drug was examined for common and most widely tested pathogen micro-organisms: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The photocatalytic test showed that cellulose nanofibers–titania nanocomposites possessed high photocatalytic properties and could potentially be utilized in photovoltaic devices and photocatalysis. The influence of UV irradiation on the stability of the obtained nanocomposites loaded with drugs and their antibacterial properties was also investigated.
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| 6. |
- Joensuu, Heikki, et al.
(author)
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KIT and PDGFRA Mutations and Survival of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Adjuvant Imatinib in a Randomized Trial
- 2023
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 29:17, s. 3313-3319
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Limited data are available about the influence of KIT and PDGFRA mutations on overall survival (OS) of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) treated with adjuvant imatinib. Patients and Methods: The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group XVIII/AIO multicenter trial accrued 400 patients with a high risk for GIST recurrence after macroscopically complete surgery between February 4, 2004, and September 29, 2008. The patients received adjuvant imatinib 400 mg/day for either 1 year or 3 years based on random allocation. We analyzed using conventional sequencing KIT and PDGFRA mutations centrally from 341 (85%) patients who had localized, centrally confirmed GIST, and correlated the results with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS in exploratory analyses. Results: During a median follow-up time of 10 years, 164 RFS events and 76 deaths occurred. Most patients were re-treated with imatinib when GIST recurred. Patients with KIT exon 11 deletion or indel mutation treated with 3 years of adjuvant imatinib survived longer than patients treated for 1 year [10-year OS 86% versus 64%, respectively; HR, 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-0.72; P 0.007], and also had longer RFS (10-year RFS 47% versus 29%; HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.74; P < 0.001). Patients with KIT exon 9 mutation had unfavorable OS regardless of the duration of adjuvant imatinib. Conclusions: Compared with 1 year of imatinib, 3 years of adjuvant imatinib led to 66% reduction in the estimated risk of death and a high 10-year OS rate in the subset of patients with a KIT exon 11 deletion/indel mutation.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Obieglo, K, et al.
(author)
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Chronic Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Mutes Immune Responses to Mycobacterial Infection Distal to the Gut
- 2016
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In: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 1550-6606 .- 0022-1767. ; 196:5, s. 2262-2271
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Helminth infections have been suggested to impair the development and outcome of Th1 responses to vaccines and intracellular microorganisms. However, there are limited data regarding the ability of intestinal nematodes to modulate Th1 responses at sites distal to the gut. In this study, we have investigated the effect of the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri on Th1 responses to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). We found that H. polygyrus infection localized to the gut can mute BCG-specific CD4+ T cell priming in both the spleen and skin-draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, H. polygyrus infection reduced the magnitude of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PPD in the skin. Consequently, H. polygyrus–infected mice challenged with BCG had a higher mycobacterial load in the liver compared with worm-free mice. The excretory–secretory product from H. polygyrus (HES) was found to dampen IFN-γ production by mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cells. This inhibition was dependent on the TGF-βR signaling activity of HES, suggesting that TGF-β signaling plays a role in the impaired Th1 responses observed coinfection with worms. Similar to results with mycobacteria, H. polygyrus–infected mice displayed an increase in skin parasite load upon secondary infection with Leishmania major as well as a reduction in DTH responses to Leishmania Ag. We show that a nematode confined to the gut can mute T cell responses to mycobacteria and impair control of secondary infections distal to the gut. The ability of intestinal helminths to reduce DTH responses may have clinical implications for the use of skin test–based diagnosis of microbial infections.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Obila, Jorim Okoth, et al.
(author)
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Optoelectronic property refinement of FASnI(3) films for photovoltaic application
- 2021
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In: Materials letters (General ed.). - : ELSEVIER. - 0167-577X .- 1873-4979. ; 300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tin (Sn) is a promising substitute for lead (Pb) in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite-photovoltaic devices, but it is prone to delivering low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) due to the poor quality of Snperovskite films. In this work, anilinium hypophosphite (AHP) co-additive is used to fabricate high-quality FASnI3 (FA+: formamidinium) perovskite films with suppressed phase-segregation and prolonged charge carrier lifetime. Perovskite films containing 0.05 M AHP are used to fabricate solar cells and deliver improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 5.48% (control devices: 4.04%). AHP eliminates the phase separation caused by SnF2 in the absorber, leading to films with enhanced optoelectronic properties, hence the high performance of AHP-based devices.
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