| 1. |
- Datta, S., et al.
(author)
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Structure, bonding, and magnetism of cobalt clusters from first-principles calculations
- 2007
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 76:1, s. 014429-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Co-n clusters (n=2-20) have been investigated using density functional theory within the pseudopotential plane wave method. An unusual hexagonal growth pattern has been observed in the intermediate size range, n=15-20. The cobalt atoms are ferromagnetically ordered and the calculated magnetic moments are found to be higher than that of corresponding hcp bulk value, which are in good agreement with the recent Stern-Gerlach experiments. The average coordination number is found to dominate over the average bond length to determine the effective hybridization and consequently the cluster magnetic moment.
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| 2. |
- Lindbäck, Katrin, et al.
(author)
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Spectral roughness and glacial erosion of a land-terminating section of the Greenland Ice Sheet
- 2015
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In: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-555X .- 1872-695X. ; 238, s. 149-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spectral roughness offers a significant potential for understanding the evolution of glaciated landscapes. Here, we present the first roughness study combining a high-resolution (250 to 500 m) DEM of a large land-terminating section (12,000 km2) of the Greenland Ice Sheet with the topography of the proglacial area. Subglacial roughness shows a directional dependence with consistently lower values in the ice flow direction compared to the across–flow direction. We find a correlation between low basal roughness, fast ice flow, and subglacial troughs. The northern part of the subglacial study area has an undulating topography with variable roughness, resembling the landscape in the proglacial area. In this area, there is a glacially eroded, overdeepened trough with bed elevations 510 m below sea level, consistent with warm ice and a well-lubricated bed. The southern part of the subglacial study area has higher bed elevations and higher roughness than the northern part, possibly because the bedrock consists of hard granitic gneiss as in the adjacent proglacial area. The subglacial troughs, which have been eroded to various extents, are aligned with geological weakness zones suggesting a preglacial origin. In general, there is a major geological control on the distribution of bed variability.
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| 3. |
- Linde, Anna-Malin
(author)
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Rates and patterns of bryophyte molecular evolution
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Plants have been growing on land for at least 450 million years. The bryophytes comprising the three phyla liverworts, mosses and hornworts, are considered to be the closest extant relatives to the plants that colonized land. Bryophytes has been described as evolutionary “unchanging sphinxes of the past” regarding both morphological and genetic potential. This suggestion has some support in limited studies of molecular evolution within bryophytes, but has also been questioned based on e.g., studies of species diversification rates. To shed more light on this controversy, the overall aim of this thesis is to investigate rates and patterns of bryophyte molecular evolution.Our data suggest that the per nucleotide mutation rates in bryophytes are lower than those in angiosperms. Likewise, angiosperms are also more dynamic in terms of genome size, structural rearrangements, genome duplications and transposon activity. However, our data show that mutation rates of bryophytes are higher or at least on par with those of gymnosperms. Genome evolution in bryophytes is actually, in many aspects, similar to that of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms and bryophytes are both characterized by a low speciation rate, a low nucleotide mutation rate, low variation in chromosome numbers and relatively stable genome sizes. Studies have also suggested that macrosynteny is better conserved between conifer species compared with angiosperms, just as this study shows for bryophytes.Hybridization and introgression has been suggested to affect speciation and evolution. Recent genomic data shows that hybridization and introgression in angiosperms is more common then previously thought, but the question is less well studied in bryophytes. The present study gave some support to the occurrence of introgression between Marchantia polymorpha subspecies, but refute a previous hypothesis that M. polymorpha subsp. ruderalis is a new stabilized hybrid between M. polymorpha montivagans and polymorpha.An additional aspect of genome evolution and complexity is changes in gene regulatory networks. Gene regulatory networks generally appear more complex in angiosperms compared with bryophytes; also reflected in the circadian clock; with more gene components and more duplicated paralogous members, with possibly overlapping function, allowing a more robust and flexible system. Our studies of the plant circadian clock revealed that orthologs of most genes of the A. thaliana clock were present already in charophycean algae. Although gene numbers and complexity have generally increased during plant circadian clock evolution, our results suggest that gene loss has also been important in shaping the circadian clocks in the three bryophyte groups.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Golboni, Farzaneh, et al.
(author)
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The efficacy of an online family-based cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress, family cohesion, and adaptability of divorced head-of-household women in Iran : A randomized controlled trial
- 2023
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In: ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2772-4204. ; 6:3, s. 133-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The family may be negatively impacted by divorce and its adverse outcomes including psychological problems and disturbances in the structure and functioning of families. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of an online family-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention on psychological distress, family cohesion, and adaptability of divorced head-of-household women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 100 divorced head-of-household women supported by the state welfare organization of Iran participated and were randomly divided into intervention group (n = 50) and active control group (n = 50). Participants in the intervention group received six educational app-based online sessions on family-based CBT. Participants in the control group received an online family-based CBT session and an online information on breast self-examination using the same app. Anxiety, depression, family adaptability, and cohesion were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. Linear mixed-effects modeling with random intercepts and slopes was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean and standard deviation of measures of anxiety, depression, cohesion, and adaptability scores immediately after the intervention (9.42 +/- 1.78, 9.58 +/- 2.21, 36.36 +/- 3.78, and 36.30 +/- 3.97, respectively) and 3 months after the intervention (9.90 +/- 1.84, 9.40 +/- 1.53, 36.38 +/- 4.30, and 36.42 +/- 4.38, respectively) in the intervention group differed significantly from those before the intervention (11.30 +/- 1.77, 11.56 +/- 1.31, 23.82 +/- 3.78, and 23.80 +/- 3.85, respectively). Changes in the mean scores of anxiety, depression, cohesion, and adaptability variables differed significantly before and immediately after the intervention and before and 3 months after the intervention. Conclusion: Online family-based CBT appears efficacious in improving the psychological status of divorced head-of-household women and the cohesion and adaptability of their families.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1967-
(author)
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Physico-chemical characteristics and quantitative structure-activity relationships of PCBs
- 2000
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) comprise a group of 209 congeners varying in the number of chlorine atoms and substitution patterns. These compounds tend to be biomagnified in foodwebs and have been shown to induce an array of effects in exposed organisms. The structural characteristics of the PCBs influence their potency as well as mechanism of action. In order to assess the biological potency of these compounds a multi-step quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) procedure was used in the project described in this thesis.The ultraviolet absorption (UV) spectra were measured for all 209 PCBs, and digitised for use as physico-chemical descriptors. Interpretations of the spectra using principal component analysis (PCA) showed the number of ortho chlorine atoms and para-para substitution patterns to be significant. Additional physico-chemical descriptors were derived from semi-empirical calculations. These included various molecular energies, the ionisation potential, electron affinity, dipole moments, and the internal barrier of rotation. The internal barrier of rotation was especially useful for describing the conformation of the PCBs on a continuous scale.In total 52 physico-chemical descriptors were compiled and analysed by PCA for the tetra- to hepta-chlorinated congeners. The structural variation within these compounds was condensed into four principal properties derived from a PCA for use as design variables in a statistical design to select congeners representative for these homologue-groups. The 20 selected PCBs have been applied to study structure-specific biochemical responses in a number of bioassays, and to study the biomagnification of the PCBs in various fish species.QSARs were established using partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS) for the PCBs potency to inhibit intercellular communication, activate respiratory burst, inhibit dopamine uptake in synaptic vesicles, compete with estradiol for binding to estrogen receptors, and induce cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) related activities. By the systematic use of the designed set of PCBs the biological potency was screened over the chemical domain of the class of compounds. Further, sub-regions of highly potent PCBs were identified for each response measured. For risk assessment of the PCBs potency to induce dioxin-like activities the predicted induction potencies (PIPs) were calculated. In addition, two sets of PCBs were presented that specifically represent congeners of environmental relevance in combination with predicted potency to induce estrogenic and CYP1A related activities.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Backman Rogers, Anna, 1981
(author)
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The crisis of performance and performance of crisis: The powers of the false in Grey Gardens (1976)
- 2015
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In: Studies in Documentary Film. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1750-3280 .- 1750-3299. ; 9:2, s. 114-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The documentary Grey Gardens (1976) is now a landmark film both in terms of the 'Direct Cinema' movement and the Maysles brothers' own oeuvre. It is in this film, in contrast to their previous work, that the limitation (and, by extension, the impossibility) of being able to record reality objectively is most apparent; the act of filmmaking is transformative and alters both the filmmaker and the subject. If the line between subjectivity and objectivity is blurred in Grey Gardens, what kind of 'truth' (if any) can be said to emerge from the film? In this article, with recourse to the Deleuzian notion of 'the powers of the false', I argue that Grey Gardens lays open the 'becoming' of subjectivity and celebrates the creative powers implicated in the documentary process. That is, the film reveals the inherent performative and creative nature of selfhood as well as the inextricable link between the filmmaker and the documentary subject who are bound up in the inventive and always provisional modes in which meaning and 'truth' are made. As we bear witness to the manifold ways in which the Beales perform for the camera, recall and 're-create' their past lives and former selves, we come to understand that the story they present to us is not one that is 'false', but one that discloses 'the powers of the false' as a mode of positive creation. As a result, contrary to the opprobrium of contemporary critics and scholars who denounced the film upon its release as depraved, sad and exploitative, it is clear that the aim of the film is not to offer us a place from which to judge the Beales in the name of a higher truth, but to reveal the 'truth' of cinema. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
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| 9. |
- Blennow, M, et al.
(author)
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Surfactant and noninvasive ventilation
- 2015
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In: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7819 .- 1661-7800. ; 107:4, s. 330-336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is mounting evidence that early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from birth is feasible and safe even in very preterm infants. However, many infants will develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and require surfactant treatment. Combining a noninvasive ventilation approach with a strategy for surfactant administration is important to ensure optimal outcome, but questions remain about the optimal timing, mode of delivery and value of predictive tests for surfactant deficiency. Key findings in this review include the following: (1) a noninvasive ventilation strategy with CPAP from birth has a similar outcome to routine intubation in the delivery room; (2) prophylactic surfactant treatment has no advantage over early CPAP with selective surfactant administration; (3) surfactant during CPAP can be safely administered by rapid intubation-extubation (the INSURE method or via tracheal placement of a thin catheter), and (4) predictive tests for surfactant deficiency are being developed and might in future aid in directing surfactant treatment to infants at risk of developing severe RDS. A strategy for surfactant administration should be part of a noninvasive ventilation approach for preterm infants at risk of developing significant RDS. The different methods for surfactant administration during CPAP are reviewed here.
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| 10. |
- Chiodaroli, Marco, et al.
(author)
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Complete construction of magical, symmetric and homogeneous N=2 supergravities as double copies of gauge theories
- 2016
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that scattering amplitudes in magical, symmetric or homogeneous N=2 Maxwell-Einstein supergravities can be obtained as double copies of two gauge theories, using the framework of color/kinematics duality. The left-hand-copy is N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory coupled to a hypermultiplet, whereas the right-hand-copy is a non-supersymmetric theory that can be identified as the dimensional reduction of a D-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled to P fermions. For generic D and P, the double copy gives homogeneous supergravities. For P=1 and D=7,8,10,14, it gives the magical supergravities. We compute explicit amplitudes, discuss their soft limit and study the UV-behavior at one loop.
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