| 1. |
- Berman, Alexander, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining predictions with enthymematic counterfactuals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Bias, Ethical AI, Explainability and the role of Logic and Logic Programming, BEWARE-22, 2 December 2022, Udine, Italy.. - : CEUR. - 1613-0073.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When people are subject to high-stakes decisions informed by computer models, they have a legitimate interest in understanding the basis for the model’s judgements and whether actions can be taken to turn a dispreferred decision into a preferred one. For example, if an application for a loan is denied by the model, the applicant has an interest in understanding the conditions that would yield an approval. In this paper, we argue that these kinds of counterfactual (or contrastive) explanations rest on domain-specific and commonsensical principles that can be negotiated, and sketch a method for incorporating such principles in an explanatory dialogue system using enthymematic reasoning.
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| 2. |
- Bernardy, Jean-Philippe, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Rational Speech Act models are utterance-independent updates of world priors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SemDial 2022 (DubDial): The 26th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, August, 22-24, 2022, Dublin / Eleni Gregoromichelaki, Julian Hough, John D. Kelleher (Editors). - : SemDial. - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A popular framework for modelling pragmatic effects is the “rational speech act” (RSA) model introduced by Frank and Goodman (2012). The idea behind RSA is that, to interpret an utter- ance, a rational (pragmatic) listener reasons about a speaker who chooses their utterance by reasoning about the listener, using a literal se- mantic model. In the present work, we take the RSA model at face value, but we reformulate it in information-theoretic terms. We find that the pragmatic listener model can be reconceived as an update of the prior over worlds that can be provided independently of the speaker’s actual utterance. This update consists in a preference for world states which are the most specific to a given utterance in the set of possible ut- terances given by the pragmatic context. Our reformulation allows us to deduce general prop- erties of pragmatic reasoning problems. As an example, we show that RSA does not predict certain quantity implicatures in the presence of bell-curve priors.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Howes, Christine, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Justifiable reasons for everyone: Dialogical reasoning in patients with schizophrenia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th Workshop of the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, September 20–22, 2021, Potsdam / The Internet. - Potsdam : Semdial. - 0351-6067.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with schizophrenia are known to have difficulties in reasoning, but previous work has not looked at how such deficits manifest in face-to-face interactions. Using a unique cor- pus of triadic interactions discussing a moral dilemma, half of which involve a patient with schizophrenia, we show that patients are more likely than their interlocutors and control groups to provide arguments which reject the constraints of the task. Patients are also more likely to be consistent in their reasoning across a dialogue than their interlocutors or controls. Our results suggest that patients do not have impaired reasoning abilities but rather reason on the basis of a different view of the task than non-patients.
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| 5. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Non-humorous use of laughter in spoken dialogue systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th Linguistic and Cognitive Approaches To Dialog Agents Workshop, LaCATODA 2021, Montreal, Canada, August 21, 2021 (online) / Rafal Rzepka, Jordi Vallverdú, Andre Wlodarczyk, Michal Ptaszynski and Pawel Dybala (Eds.). - : CEUR-WS. - 1613-0073.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we argue that laughter, an ambiguous yet ubiquitous signal in everyday interactions, can act as an important feature for task-oriented dialogue systems. We show which components of a dialogue system should be affected and modified, and more specifically how particular types of laughter can be accounted for in a dialogue manager as instances of short answers, feedbacks and vocalisations accompanying them.
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| 6. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting laughter relevance spaces in dialogue
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marchi E., Siniscalchi S.M., Cumani S., Salerno V.M., Li H. (eds) Increasing Naturalness and Flexibility in Spoken Dialogue Interaction. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 714.. - Singapore : Springer. - 1876-1100. - 9789811593222 ; , s. 41-51
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Why Should I Turn Left? : Towards Active Explainability for Spoken Dialogue Systems.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Reasoning and Interaction Conference (ReInAct 2021). - : Association for Computational Linguistics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we argue that to make dialogue systems able to actively explain their decisions they can make use of enthymematic reasoning. We motivate why this is an appropriate strategy and integrate it within our own proof-theoretic dialogue manager framework based on linear logic. In particular, this enables a dialogue system to provide reasonable answers to why-questions that query information previously given by the system.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Axelsson Nord, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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What do you mean? Eliciting enthymemes in text-based dialogue
- 2021
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Ingår i: The 25th Workshop of the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, September 20–22, 2021, Potsdam / The Internet.. - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report a proof of concept text-based chat study which inserts spoof questions in a real time conversation in order to elicit participants reasoning. The results show that different questions are more or less effective at elicit- ing explicit enthymematic reasons, which is a technique that could be employed to augment conversational artificial intelligence systems to improve their reasoning abilities.
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| 10. |
- Berman, Alexander, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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"Apparently acousticness is positively correlated with neuroticism": Conversational explanations of model predictions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 26th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, August, 22-24, 2022, Dublin, Ireland - Poster Abstracts.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes an experiment that collects human dialogues about predictions of participants’ personality traits on the basis of their music preferences, and presents preliminary results. This type of data can inform the design of explanatory dialogue systems, and the method can straightforwardly be adapted to other domains and statistical models.
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