| 1. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Visualisation of Human Characteristics in Vehicle and Health Care Product Development
- 2007
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In: SIGRAD 2007 Conference Proceedings. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 1650-3686. - 9789173939904 ; , s. 31-34
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the research project described in this paper is to improve the efficiency of product development processes by exchanging knowledge and experiences about user centred design methods and technologies between the two branches: vehicle and health care industries. The health care industry can benefit from visualisation and simulation tools that include computer manikins, a physical representation of the human, and the vehicle industry can benefit from manikins having personal characteristics, which has proven to be successful in the health care industry.
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| 2. |
- Bäckstrand, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Reduce of ergonomics design flaws through virtual methods.
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 39th annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference, Lysekil, Sweden, October 1-3, CD-ROM.. - : Nordic Ergonomics Society.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A work method for product and production system development that includes virtual methods for ergonomics analysis is presented and argued.The proposed work method is described and illustrated with an example,which the authors believe shows how a virtual work method can contributeto a better workplace design, and thereby, if utilised, would have prevented some of the design flaws that existed in the actual final product design in the example. This paper will also present the outcome, gain, and setbacks thatare connected to the use of virtual work analysis methods within a design process.
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| 3. |
- Högberg, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Industrial customisation of digital human modelling tools
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics. - 1741-5403 .- 1741-539X. ; 3:1, s. 53-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Computer aided visualization and simulation enables early evaluation of important design parameters of future products and production systems. Typically, humans affect the system performance, and in order to achieve the expected system efficiency ergonomics needs to beconsidered in the design process in addition to the more technical or logistical matters. Hence, there is a call for ergonomics to be a natural part of the product and production development process,also at virtual stages. Three examples of the development of DHM (digital human modelling) based company-specific ergonomics evaluation methods and work processes are portrayed, argued anddiscussed. These illustrate the use of DHM tools for performing static work and occupantpackaging analyses, as well as customizing activities made for the implementation of the tools in companies’ work processes. This is followed by a discussion of future needs of DHM tools including the call for ergonomics methods for evaluating full work cycles.
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| 4. |
- Högberg, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Representing the elderly in digital human modelling
- 2008
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In: The 40th annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference, NES 2008, Reykjavík, Iceland, August 11-13.. - Kópavogur : Vinnuvistfræðifélag Íslands.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital human modelling (DHM) tools have been introduced in industry, mainly in automotive, aerospace and industrial engineering, to facilitate a proactive and efficient consideration of ergonomics in the design process. The employment of DHM tools in the health care sector calls for customisation work to be carried out in order to make the tools fit the design activities. The human model, i.e. the computer manikin, needs to be modified since it has the characteristics and appearance of an able healthy young or middle-aged human, but the resident or patient is frequently an elderly person with impairments of some kind. This paper suggests concepts and structures for assigning the computer manikins characteristics of the elderly. These changes are made by the modification of anthropometric and joint range of motion data in the DHM tool, and by assigning narrative descriptions to themanikins and more age-corresponding appearances. The objective is to define a manageable number of representative manikins that will support a proactive and user-centred design process in the health care industry, and in other types of design processes for the elderly, or in an inclusive design context.
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| 5. |
- Högberg, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Towards Dynamic Ergonomics Analysis of Work Sequences in Virtual Environments
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing (2007 FAIM), Philadelphia, USA, June 2007. - 9781427620927 - 142762092X ; , s. 581-588
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Computer aided visualization and simulation enables early assessment of important design parameters of future products and production systems. Typically, humans affect the system performance, and in order to achieve the expected system efficiency ergonomics needs to be considered in the design process in addition to the more technical or logistical matters. Hence, there is a call for ergonomics to be a natural part of the product and production system design process, also at virtual stages. This paper portrays and discusses two cases where company-specific ergonomics guidelines were implemented into digital human modeling systems for performing static work analyses. Albeit useful, the approach of evaluating static postures gives a reduced picture of the actual situation since the work usually involves a series of movements and tasks. A recently commenced research project aims to enhance knowledge on how to estimate accumulated ergonomic load over time. This knowledge is eventually to be implemented in DHM tools to support objective ergonomics analysis of complete work sequences in virtual environments.
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| 6. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Corporate-internal vs. national standard - A comparison study of two ergonomics evaluation procedures used in automotive manufacturing
- 2009
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In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 39:6, s. 940-946
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Manufacturing corporations sometimes use corporate-internal procedures to evaluate and monitor the ergonomic status of the workplace. This article describes an industrial case study in the Swedish automotive sector, where an internally developed evaluation procedure was compared with a procedure based on a Swedish national standard provision. It was found that the national standard procedure tended to give more severe ratings and statistical support shows that the two evaluation procedures are not equivalent. The ability of the methods to identify body segments at risk was also compared. The quantitative comparison was followed up with interviews, where the influence of professional tasks and objectives became evident, as well as the fact that evaluation criteria are quantified differently by the two procedures. The main finding is that unforeseen differences in analysis procedure, criteria of acceptability and levels of detail can cause use-related difficulties for different professional groups when methods are used interchangeably. Relevance to industry: Industrial corporations wishing to monitor ergonomics consistently are advised by the authors to ensure that ratings from internal evaluations are interpreted the same way by all involved personnel, and that they at least have criteria levels equivalent to those of a national standard. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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National Standard vs. Corporate-Internal Ergonomics Evaluation - an Industrial Case Study
- 2008
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In: The 40th annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference, NES 2008, Reykjavík, Iceland, August 11-13.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, industrial corporations are required to actively monitor and improve the working environment for their employees according to the provision AFS 1998:1, a document that offers guidelines for maintaining a healthy physical working environment, chiefly by ensuring healthy working postures. This provision was purposely formulated in a very general, nonspecific manner in order to be relevant for a large variety of industries.At certain industrial corporations, corporate-internal procedures for evaluating and monitoring the ergonomic status of the workplace have been developed, usually in order to takeconsideration of the specific conditions of that industrial application. The protocol, method,execution and presentation of the evaluation results may vary. Also, the decision regarding which personnel should carry out the evaluation becomes a poignant question. In this article, which describes a Swedish industrial case study in the automotive sector, a corporate-internal method with a highly specified input protocol was used to evaluate theergonomic status of a production line. At the time, the evaluation was carried out by factory personnel with specific training in using the method. Months later, the same factory segment was re-evaluated by two professional ergonomists from an occupational health service, thistime using the AFS 1998:1 provision as a basis.The article makes an attempt to compare the two methods, finding some similarities and also some interesting differences. However, the main research questions that arise from this work concern the difficulties of choosing the right evaluation method for a large, complex industrialsystem; not only do different evaluation methods tell us different things at different levels of detail, but they also require very different competencies from the persons who perform the evaluation.
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| 8. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Identifying time-consuming human modelling tool activities
- 2006
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In: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify and measure time-consuming human modelling tool activities. Five human modelling tool users at Volvo were observed for five days each. The results showed a wide distribution of both indirect and direct working tasks, as well as non-value added tasks such as waiting time. Most of the activities identified appear to be necessary to perform human modelling simulations of high quality. However, the time distribution could be questioned to some extent. There are many activities associated with communication, including a variety of contacts and meetings, where there appears to be potential to increase efficiency.
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| 9. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Structured time observation of human modelling tool users' activites.
- 2006
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In: In: Proceedings of 16th Triennial World Congress on Ergonomics, International Ergonomics Association, 2006, July 10-14, Maastricht, The Netherlands..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most statements regarding human modeling tools efficiency are based on perceived time. No structured timeobservation of task activities performed by a simulation engineers working with the tools are previous performed.The aim of the study is to identify digital human modelling tool users’ activates and measure the time distributionof the activities. Furthermore, measured time distribution is compared with users perceived time distribution.Five simulation engineers at Volvo were observed for five days each. The simulation engineers’ activities can becategorised in twelve groups. The direct value added work and the indirect value added work important for a newintroduced tool were of similar size as direct value added work for a vehicle disassembly worker. Waiting time, theresimulation is out of control e.g. waiting for information from colleague and computer processor, was perceived muchlonger compared to measured time.The human modelling tool seems to have matured and most of the activities identified seems to be necessary to perform human modelling simulations of high quality; however the time distribution could to some extend be questioned. There are a lot of activities associated with communication, i.e. different kinds of contacts and meetings. Therefore it appears to be a potential to increase efficiency with respect to communication.
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| 10. |
- Bokrantz, Jon, 1988, et al.
(author)
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A Methodology for Continuous Quality Assurance of Production Data
- 2016
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In: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; 2016-February, s. 2088-2099
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High quality input data is a necessity for successful Discrete Event Simulation (DES) applications, and there are available methodologies for data collection in DES projects. However, in contrast to standalone projects, using DES as a day-to-day engineering tool requires high quality production data to be constantly available. Unfortunately, there are no detailed guidelines that describes how to achieve this. Therefore, this paper presents such a methodology, based on three concurrent engineering projects within the automotive industry. The methodology explains the necessary roles, responsibilities, meetings, and documents to achieve a continuous quality assurance of production data. It also specifies an approach to input data management for DES using the Generic Data Management Tool (GDM-Tool). The expected effects are increased availability of high quality production data and reduced lead time of input data management, especially valuable in manufacturing companies having advanced automated data collection methods and using DES on a daily basis.
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