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- Bomström Aho, Erika
(author)
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Nyanlända gymnasieelever – Elevidentiteter och språkbarriärer
- 2020
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In: Acta Didactica Norden. - : University of Oslo Library. - 2535-8219. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I föreliggande artikel studeras nyanlända elevers upplevelser av att vara elever på Språkintroduktion. Programmet är ett av fem introduktionsprogram i gymnasieskolan och tar emot nyanlända elever från 16 till 19 år. Eleverna placeras på Språkintroduktion eftersom de nyligen har kommit till Sverige och för att de ännu inte uppnått tillräckliga kunskaper i det svenska språket. I denna intervjustudie bidrar Homi Bhabhas teori om mellanrummet till en förståelse för hur erfarenheter av Språkintroduktion kan upplevas. Resultatet visar att elevgrupperna på Språkintroduktion är heterogena eftersom eleverna har olika erfarenheter av skola och arbete. Tre teman blir synliga i resultatet: elever med andra kunskaper och erfarenheter, elevidentiteter som särskilt framträder och det svenska språket som barriär. Resultaten visar att förvärvandet av det svenska språket för varje elev blir ett mål att nå samtidigt som det utgör ett hinder. Språket blir viktigt eftersom eleverna är beroende av det för att lyckas såväl i skolan som i samhällslivet. Likaså blir synliggörandet av elevers tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper betydelsefullt eftersom det kan komma att påverka deras identitetsuppfattning.Nyckelord: språkintroduktion; nyanlända elever; mellanrum; elevidentitetNewly arrived upper secondary school students – Student identities and language barriersAbsractThis study investigates newly arrived students’ experiences of being students at Language Introduction in Sweden. The program is one of five introductory programs in Swedish upper secondary school and admits newly arrived students from the ages of 16 to 19 years old. Students are placed at Language introduction because they have recently arrived in Sweden and since they have not yet gained enough knowledge of the Swedish language. In this interview study, Homi Bhabha’s theory of the third space contributes to an understanding of how experiences from Language introduction can be perceived. The results show that student groups at Language introduction are heterogeneous as students have diverse experiences of school and work. Three themes appear in the results: students with other kinds of knowledge and experiences, student identities in transformation, the Swedish language as an obstacle and as goal. The results show that the acquisition of the Swedish language becomes to each student a goal to reach and at the same time a hindrance. The language becomes important because the students depend on it in order to be successful in school as well as in life in society. Likewise, making the students’ past experiences and knowledge visible, becomes important as it may affect their perception of identity.Keywords: språkintroduktion; nyanlända elever; mellanrum; elevidentitet
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| 2. |
- Özel, Mehmet Neset, et al.
(author)
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Neuronal diversity and convergence in a visual system developmental atlas
- 2021
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 589, s. 88-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Deciphering how neuronal diversity is established and maintained requires a detailed knowledge of neuronal gene expression throughout development. In contrast to mammalian brains(1,2), the large neuronal diversity of the Drosophila optic lobe(3) and its connectome(4-6) are almost completely characterized. However, a molecular characterization of this neuronal diversity, particularly during development, has been lacking. Here we present insights into brain development through a nearly complete description of the transcriptomic diversity of the optic lobes of Drosophila. We acquired the transcriptome of 275,000 single cells at adult and at five pupal stages, and built a machine-learning framework to assign them to almost 200 cell types at all time points during development. We discovered two large neuronal populations that wrap neuropils during development but die just before adulthood, as well as neuronal subtypes that partition dorsal and ventral visual circuits by differential Wnt signalling throughout development. Moreover, we show that the transcriptomes of neurons that are of the same type but are produced days apart become synchronized shortly after their production. During synaptogenesis we also resolved neuronal subtypes that, although differing greatly in morphology and connectivity, converge to indistinguishable transcriptomic profiles in adults. Our datasets almost completely account for the known neuronal diversity of the Drosophila optic lobes, and serve as a paradigm to understand brain development across species. The neuronal diversity of the Drosophila optic lobe is described throughout pupal development by single-cell sequencing, leading to the discovery of transient extrinsic neurons and a dorsoventral asymmetry of the visual circuits.
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| 3. |
- Jakobsson, Inga-Lill, 1949
(author)
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Diagnos i skolan. En studie av skolsituationer för elever med syndromdiagnos
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The research problem in this study concerns syndrome-diagnoses and educational response to special needs. The aim was to describe and analyse school situations, in which pupils with a syndrome-diagnosis were participating. The study was carried out in a multi-disciplinary co-operation, taking advantage of knowledge from different disciplines, mainly special educational research and psycho-medical research on syndrome-diagnoses. School situations of 50 pupils representing four different etiological syndrome-diagnoses with very different symptoms were studied and analysed. Ethnographic research strategies were used and were adjusted to conditions in the different school situations. The understanding of what was going on in the school situations was searched for in a continuous dialogue with parents, school personnel, pupils, researchers and professionals from relevant disciplines and activities. The results stated that the individual pupil at school is involved in a complex interplay with the surrounding context, so it is necessary to look at the entire school situation to grasp what influences what happens at school. Societal ideology and regulations seemed mainly to influence through local interpretations and decisions. Groups that co-operated with school were the homes of pupils, pre-school and recreational centre and medical and rehabilitation services. The parents often acted as co-ordinators between institutions and acitivities. In Special educational practice within school environment and organisation framed the daily activities which depended on intertwined and interdependent aspects. The most important elements in the complex interplay between different actors in different settings and contexts on different levels in school and in the surrounding environment appear to be communication, personal relations, and co-operation between the various actors. The contribution of a syndromediagnosis as an explanation of what happens in school situations and as a guide in pedagogical questions seems, from the results of this study, to be rather limited. Finally, for a good understanding of school situations and for a special educational response that optimises the possibilities for participation and learning of pupils with a syndrome-diagnosis, it seems clear that communication and co-operation are more important than a diagnosis. Through its multi-disciplinary design, this study is an attempt to create something new, to break established boundaries of research and activities.
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| 5. |
- Ade, P. A. R., et al.
(author)
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Planck intermediate results XXXIX. The Planck list of high-redshift source candidates
- 2016
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 596
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Planck mission, thanks to its large frequency range and all-sky coverage, has a unique potential for systematically detecting the brightest, and rarest, submillimetre sources on the sky, including distant objects in the high-redshift Universe traced by their dust emission. A novel method, based on a component-separation procedure using a combination of Planck and IRAS data, has been validated and characterized on numerous simulations, and applied to select the most luminous cold submillimetre sources with spectral energy distributions peaking between 353 and 857 GHz at 5' resolution. A total of 2151 Planck high-z source candidates (the PHZ) have been detected in the cleanest 26% of the sky, with flux density at 545 GHz above 500 mJy. Embedded in the cosmic infrared background close to the confusion limit, these high-z candidates exhibit colder colours than their surroundings, consistent with redshifts z > 2, assuming a dust temperature of T-xgal = 35K and a spectral index of beta(xgal) = 1.5. Exhibiting extremely high luminosities, larger than 10(14) L-circle dot, the PHZ objects may be made of multiple galaxies or clumps at high redshift, as suggested by a first statistical analysis based on a comparison with number count models. Furthermore, first follow-up observations obtained from optical to submillimetre wavelengths, which can be found in companion papers, have confirmed that this list consists of two distinct populations. A small fraction (around 3%) of the sources have been identified as strongly gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxies at redshift 2 to 4, while the vast majority of the PHZ sources appear as overdensities of dusty star-forming galaxies, having colours consistent with being at z > 2, and may be considered as proto-cluster candidates. The PHZ provides an original sample, which is complementary to the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich Catalogue (PSZ2); by extending the population of virialized massive galaxy clusters detected below z < 1.5 through their SZ signal to a population of sources at z > 1.5, the PHZ may contain the progenitors of today's clusters. Hence the Planck list of high-redshift source candidates opens a new window on the study of the early stages of structure formation, particularly understanding the intensively star-forming phase at high-z.
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| 6. |
- Guillemin, Renaud, et al.
(author)
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Jahn-Teller coupling and fragmentation after core-shell excitation in CF4 investigated by partial-ion-yield spectroscopy
- 2010
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In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 82:4, s. 043427-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate fragmentation processes induced by core-level photoexcitation in CF4 at both the carbon and fluorine K edges by means of partial-ion-yield spectroscopy. The molecule CF4 is a textbook example of systems in which Jahn-Teller coupling strongly manifests itself in the photoabsorption spectrum. Spectral features related to Jahn-Teller and quasi-Jahn-Teller splitting are observed, and important differences in the fragmentation pathways are revealed depending on the symmetries of the core-excited states. We interpret these experimental observations on the grounds of symmetry lowering from the T-d to the C-3v point group as well as preferential orientation with respect to the polarization vector of the incident radiation.
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| 7. |
- Gupta, Archana, 1969-
(author)
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The Lagrangian Stochastic Advective-Reactive Approach to Modeling Solute Transport in Hydrological Systems
- 2000
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Lagrangian stochastic advective-reactive modelingapproach has been used for analyzing transport of bothnonreactive and reactive solutes in different hydrologicalsystems (structured soil, groundwater, mining waste rockdeposits and surface waters including single stream and networkof streams) and at different spatio-temporal scales (rangingfrom laboratory column-scale to catchment-scale). Further, afirst step has been taken to extending the Lagrangianstochastic advective-reactive modeling methodology to integratethe soil-groundwater-stream transport through a catchment.The modeling approach enabled us to explicitly quantify theeffects of solute transport through subsurface preferentialflowpaths in both laboratory and field scales, throughexperimental results from tracer tests in structured soil andmining waste rock deposits. Rapid preferential transport andassociated diffusional mass transfer of solute between mobileand immobile water regions yield the characteristicnonequilibrium behavior of early initial breakthrough and longtailing in solute breakthrough curves. The occurrence ofpreferential flow may considerably increase the total leachedmass of sorptive water pollutants, such as phosphorus that wasspecifically investigated in this thesis.Temporal moment analysis of solute transport in a singlestream and a network of streams has been carried out,accounting for heterogeneity in hydraulic geometry variablesand physicochemical mass transfer parameters. The resultsindicate that mass transfer processes in the bed sediment arerelatively more important than processes in the storage zonesof the streams. The probability of any percentage of solutemass arriving at the outlet is sensitive to the diffusive masstransfer rate in the bed sediment. This mass transfer rate isan uncertain parameter, which implies uncertainty also inpredictions of the solute transport process.The modeling of coupled solute transport through anintegrated soil-groundwater-stream system shows thatsignificant solute transport by groundwater to streams, and thepossible existence of subsurface preferential flowpaths withassociated diffusional mass transfer processes extend therelevant time scales for the catchment-scale process overseveral orders of magnitude. Furthermore, increasinggroundwater recharge from the unsaturated zone and decreasingratio of average groundwater to stream velocity impliessmoother solute breakthrough curves that approach theobservations of fractal stream chemistry by Kirchner et al.(Nature, Vol. 403, pp. 524-527, 2000).The overall results show that the various mass transferprocesses that take place in different hydrological systemsresult in reduction of peak mass flux and increase in meanarrival time, relative to the stream and groundwater advectionprocesses only, due to prolonged tails. Such tailing impliesconsiderably increased temporal spreading of solute mass,further extending the relevant time scales for thecatchment-scale transport process and leading to low levelcontaminant concentrations leaching from the catchment for avery long time. Better understanding and quantification of thecatchment-scale transport process are essential for correctpredictions of possible adverse effects on water quality andfor judging the performance of different measures for waterquality protection or remediation.Key words:solute transport, groundwater transport,unsaturated zone, stream hydrology, stream networks, stochasticprocesses, mass transfer kinetics, preferential flow, temporalmoments, catchment hydrology, Lagrangian transport model.
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| 8. |
- Knochel, Jane, et al.
(author)
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A Markov model of fibrosis development in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease predicts fibrosis progression in clinical cohorts
- 2023
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In: CPT. - : WILEY. - 2163-8306. ; 12:12, s. 2038-2049
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disease progression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is highly heterogenous and remains poorly understood. Fibrosis stage is currently the best predictor for development of end-stage liver disease and mortality. Better understanding and quantifying the impact of factors affecting NASH and fibrosis is essential to inform a clinical study design. We developed a population Markov model to describe the transition probability between fibrosis stages and mortality using a unique clinical nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cohort with serial biopsies over 3 decades. We evaluated covariate effects on all model parameters and performed clinical trial simulations to predict the fibrosis progression rate for external clinical cohorts. All parameters were estimated with good precision. Age and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) were found to be significant predictors in the model. Increase in hepatic steatosis between visits was the most important predictor for progression of fibrosis. Fibrosis progression rate (FPR) was twofold higher for fibrosis stages 0 and 1 (F0-1) compared to fibrosis stage 2 and 3 (F2-3). A twofold increase in FPR was observed for T2D. A two-point steatosis worsening increased the FPR 11-fold. Predicted fibrosis progression was in good agreement with data from external clinical cohorts. Our fibrosis progression model shows that patient selection, particularly initial fibrosis stage distribution, can significantly impact fibrosis progression and as such the window for assessing drug efficacy in clinical trials. Our work highlights the increase in hepatic steatosis as the most important factor in increasing FPR, emphasizing the importance of well-defined lifestyle advise for reducing variability in NASH progression during clinical trials.
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