| 1. |
- Craig, Cora L, et al.
(author)
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International physical activity questionnaire : 12-country reliability and validity
- 2003
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In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 35:8, s. 1381-1395
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity.METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity.RESULTS: Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode.CONCLUSIONS: The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.
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| 2. |
- Pankov, Dmitry, et al.
(author)
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In vivo immuno-targeting of an extracellular epitope of membrane bound preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME)
- 2017
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In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:39, s. 65917-65931
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen that is overexpressed in a broad range of malignancies, while absent in most healthy human tissues, making it an attractive diagnostic cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. Although commonly viewed as an intracellular protein, we have demonstrated that PRAME has a membrane bound form with an external epitope targetable with conventional antibodies. We generated a polyclonal antibody (Membrane associated PRAME Antibody 1, MPA1) against an extracellular peptide sequence of PRAME. Binding of MPA1 to recombinant PRAME was evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of MPA1 was performed on multiple tumor cell lines. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) for PRAME was conducted to compare protein and transcriptional expression levels. We demonstrated a robust proof-of-concept for PRAME targeting in vivo by radiolabeling MPA1 with zirconium-89 (89Zr-DFO-MPA1) and demonstrating high specific uptake in PRAME expressing tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first time a cancer testis antigen has been targeted using conventional antibody technologies. Thus, PRAME can be exploited for multiple clinical applications, including targeted therapy, diagnostic imaging and treatment guidance in a widerange of malignancies, with minimal off-target toxicity.
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| 3. |
- Wolfram, Nicole, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity and nutrition-health information activities of the EU, WHO, European networks and national examples
- 2007
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In: Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0943-1853 .- 1613-2238. ; 15:Supplement 1, s. S3-S53
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveMany Health Information Activities related to nutrition and physical activity have been initiated during the past years by several institutions on the national and international level as well as by several European networks. A multitude of projects with different scopes and methodologies has arisen. This variety makes it necessary to bring the results of these activities into a coordinated framework. The report aims to give a structured overview on the availability of routine repeated or repeatable data on the health determinants nutrition and physical activity in European countries. An Inventory of Health Information Activities on physical activity and nutrition was built up, which summarises activities carried out by the European Commission, the WHO, various European Networks, as well as national examples. The Health Information Activities collected as national examples assess data for all countries belonging to the European Union up to 2006, the European Economic Area (EEA) and all Candidate countries. The Inventory considers activities which started in 1990 or later, which were still running or have been approved but not yet started.MethodThe report analyses institutional structures (WHO, European Commission, European Networks) as well as examples of health information activities at the national level. A network of European public health professionals identified available national health information activities and survey data, which were summarised in a structured online database.ResultsThe results section presents activities in the field of health information on physical activity and nutrition of the European Commission (DG Sanco), the World Health Organisation (Europe) and various European networks. Furthermore, this section presents the analysis of the database which summarises health information activities in European countries. The database is freely accessible at the website of the Working Party. Additionally, the supplement provides a summary of Health Information Activities for each country in Country Profile Sheets.ConclusionThe report provides a general overview on Health Information Activities related to physical activity and nutrition as well as a state-of-the-art investigation about available data in European countries. The concluding section of the report aims to recommend future Health Information actions which outline open issues.
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| 4. |
- Abera, Asmamaw, et al.
(author)
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Air Quality in Africa : Public Health Implications
- 2021
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In: Annual review of public health. - : Annual Reviews. - 0163-7525 .- 1545-2093. ; 42, s. 193-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review highlights the importance of air quality in the African urban development process. We address connections between air pollution and (a) rapid urbanization, (b) social problems, (c) health impacts, (d) climate change, (e) policies, and ( f ) new innovations. We acknowledge that air pollution levels in Africa can be extremely high and a serious health threat. The toxic content of the pollution could relate to region-specific sources such as low standards for vehicles and fuels, cooking with solid fuels, and burning household waste. We implore the pursuit of interdisciplinary research to create new approaches with relevant stakeholders. Moreover, successful air pollution research must regard conflicts, tensions, and synergies inherent to development processes in African municipalities, regions, and countries. This includes global relationships regarding climate change, trade, urban planning, and transportation. Incorporating aspects of local political situations (e.g., democracy) can also enhance greater political accountability and awareness about air pollution. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 42 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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| 7. |
- Almon, Ricardo, et al.
(author)
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Body fat and dairy product intake in lactase persistent and non-persistent children and adolescents
- 2010
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In: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals may be lactose intolerant and therefore on a more restricted diet concerning milk and milk products compared to lactase persistent (LP) individuals. This may have an impact on body fat mass.Objective This study examines if LP and LNP children and adolescents, defined by genotyping for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism, differ from each other with regard to milk and milk product intake, and measures of body fat mass.Design: Children (n=298, mean age 9.6 years) and adolescents (n=386, mean age 15.6 years), belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study, were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism. Dietary intakes of reduced and full-fat dairy varieties were determined.Results: LNP (CC genotype) subjects consumed less milk, soured milk and yoghurt compared to LP (CT/TT genotype) subjects (p<0.001). Subsequent partitioning for age group attenuated this observation (p=0.002 for children and p=0.023 in adolescents). Six subjects were reported by parents to be 'lactose intolerant', none of whom were LNP. LNP children and adolescents consumed significantly less reduced fat milk and milk products than LP children and adolescents (p=0.009 for children and p=0.001 for adolescents).Conclusions: We conclude that LP is linked to an overall higher milk and dairy intake, but is not linked to higher body fat mass in children and adolescents.
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| 8. |
- Almon, Ricardo, et al.
(author)
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Lactase non-persistence as a determinant of milk avoidance and calcium intake in children and adolescents
- 2013
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In: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2048-6790. ; 2:e26, s. 1-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines if lactase non-persistent (LNP) children and adolescents differ from those who are lactase persistent (LP) as regards milk avoidance and Ca intake. We also studied potential differences in anthropometric features related to obesity, and examined if milk avoidance is associated with lactasepersistence status. Additionally, we aimed to determine if heterozygous subjects showed an intermediary phenotype as regards Ca intake. Furthermore, we tested if LP and LNP influence vitamin D intake. The European Youth Heart Study is an ongoing international, multi-centre cohort study primarily designed to address CVD risk factors. Children (n 298, mean age 9·6 years) and adolescents (n 386, mean age 15·6 years) belonging to the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study were genotyped for the LCT-13910 C > T polymorphism. Mendelian randomisation was used. Milk avoidance was significantly more common in LNP adolescents (OR 3·2; 95% CI 1·5, 7·3). LP subjects had higher milk consumption (P < 0·001). Accordingly, energy consumption derived from milk and Ca intake was lower in LNP (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). Heterozygous subjects did not show an intermediary phenotype concerning milk consumption. LP or LNP status did not affect vitamin D intake or anthropometric variables. LNP in children and adolescents is associated with reduced intake of milk and some milk-product-related nutritional components, in particular Ca. This reduced intake did not affect the studied anthropometric variables, indicators of body fat or estimated vitamin D intake. However, independently of genotype, age and sex, daily vitamin D intake was below the recommended intakes. Milk avoidance among adolescents but not children was associated with LNP.
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| 9. |
- Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Lactase persistence and milk consumption are associated with body height in Swedish preadolescents and adolescents
- 2011
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In: Food & Nutrition Research. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Body height is a classic polygenic trait. About 80%-90% of height is inherited and 10%-20% owed to environmental factors, of which the most important ones are nutrition and diseases in preadolescents and adolescents.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore potential relations between the LCT (lactase) C > T-13910 polymorphism, milk consumption, and body height in a sample of Swedish preadolescents and adolescents.Design: In a cross-sectional study, using a random sample of preadolescents and adolescents (n = 597), dietary intakes were determined. Anthropometric measurements including sexual maturity (Tanner stage) and birth weight were assessed. Parental body height and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained by questionnaires. Genotyping for the LCT C > T-13910 polymorphism that renders individuals lactase persistent (LP) or lactase non-persistent (LNP) was performed by DNA sequencing. Stepwise backward multivariate linear regression was used.Results: Milk consumption was significantly and positively associated with body height (beta =0.45; 95% CI: 0.040, 0.87, p =0.032). Adjustments were performed for sex, parental height, birth weight, body mass index (BMI), SES, and Tanner stage. This model explains 90% of the observed variance of body height (adjusted R-2 =0.89). The presence of the -13910 T allele was positively associated with body height (beta = 2.05; 95% CI: 0.18, 3.92, p =0.032).Conclusions: Milk consumption is positively associated with body height in preadolescents and adolescents. We show for the first time that a nutrigenetic variant might be able to explain in part phenotypic variation of body height in preadolescents and adolescents. Due to the small sample size further studies are needed.
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