| 1. |
- Antonio, L D, et al.
(author)
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The non-random location of human oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes
- 2005
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In: Caryologia. - 0008-7114. ; 58:1, s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have analysed 994 sites for oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes located within human chromosome bands. The data presented disclose that: 1) These cancer genes build ridges as well as hot spots, which are not related to the position of other types of genes present in these chromosomes. 2) The frequency of cancer genes is not directly related to chromosome length, to the number of DNA bases per chromosome or to the number of structural genes present in each chromosome. 3) Suppressor genes tend to occupy the same location as oncogenes. 4) Several cancer genes occur in as many as 15 different sites spread over 10 different chromosomes. 5) The main feature of the distribution of both oncogenes and suppressors, is that they tend to be located near telomeres. Moreover, their numbers decrease from the telomere to the centromere building a distinct gradient. The difference is statistically significant. The present evidence, taken together, indicates that the telomeric territory might be a preferential location of cancer related genes and thereby also of stem cell genes.
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| 2. |
- Ding, Wei-Qun, et al.
(author)
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Ethanol exposure increases expression of c-jun and junD in human neuroblastoma cells
- 1996
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In: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 7:13, s. 2191-2195
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol exposure on the expression of fos and jun genes. Exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to ethanol for 2-4 days caused a dose-dependent increase in c-jun and junD mRNA levels, whereas mRNAs for c-fos, fosB and junB were not detectable in control or ethanol-treated cells. Four days of ethanol exposure also enhanced the AP-1 binding activity. Experiments with actinomycin D demonstrated that ethanol did not influence the degradation of c-jun and junD mRNAs. These results demonstrate that long-term exposure to ethanol increases c-jun and junD expression. This effect may be one of the mechanisms through which ethanol influences the gene regulatory system in neuronal cells.
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| 3. |
- Hambro, Camilla, 1966-
(author)
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Det ulmer under overflaten. : Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847-1907). Genus, sjanger og norskhet
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- My dissertation is a problem oriented one. The composer pianist Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847–1907) has always been a self-evident figure in chapters of Norwegian music history books that cover music, musicians and composers in "Grieg’s shadow". Extensive historical source materials (reception materials connected to Backer Grøndahl’s concerts and compositions; her letters, notebooks, workbooks and sketches) form the basis of the study. The problems studied are what kind of expectations are connected to three intertwined core concepts connected to Backer Grøndahl, namely: "femininity", "genre", and "Norwegianness" (the folk-influenced Norwegian tradition). Musical and material, as well as institutional, sociological and economical, ”Agathe Backer Grøndahl” discourses are examined. The arenas where the three core concepts and discourses unfold, sound, develop, are moulded and understood, are threefold: Musical culture with which the pianist composer and her compositions interacted from 1866–1903. Presentations of her in monographs and music history books. Various attempts to revise this kind of music historiography. The musical analysis starts out from reception materials connected to her performances of her own works and tries to trace the critics’ descriptions in the scores. The works analyzed are: One of her two orchestral compositions, Andante quasi allegretto for piano and orchestra (1869) in sonata form. (I rediscovered this "lost" work in the National Library in Oslo.) The song "To the queen of my heart" (Op. 1/3, 1870), the descriptively titled lyrical piece Wood Nymph’s Dance (1887), the feminist cantata Nytaarsgry (1901) performed at the Scandinavian Women’s Convention 1902 and the singable and (in)famous song "Eventide" Op. 42/7 1899). Performed compositions become performative via the reception materials, hers, the listeners’ and amateur performers "producerly texts" connected to them.
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| 4. |
- Hollberg, Alexander, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of BIM-based LCA results for building design
- 2020
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In: Automation in Construction. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-5805. ; 109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital tools based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) provide the potential to facilitate environmental performance assessments of buildings. Various tools that use a BIM model for automatic quantity take-off as basis for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been developed recently. This paper describes the first application of such a BIM-LCA tool to evaluate the embodied global warming potential (GWP) throughout the whole design process of a real building. 34 states of the BIM model are analysed weekly. The results show that the embodied GWP during the design phase is twice as high as for the final building. These changes can be mainly attributed to the designers' approach of using placeholder materials that are refined later, besides other reasons. As such, the embodied GWP is highly overestimated and a BIM-based environmental assessment during the design process could be misleading and counterproductive. Finally, three alternatives to the established automatic quantity take-off are discussed for future developments.
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| 5. |
- Osman, Ahmed
(author)
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Brain repair after irradiation or ischemia : role of neural stem cells and microglia
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Brain injury has devastating consequences for the affected individual, and causes a burden for society. This is largely due to the fact that the mammalian brain has a limited capacity to regenerate. Recent discoveries in neurobiology revealed that the mammalian brain, including humans, is harboring neural stem cells (NSCs) that daily generate new neurons in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb that contribute to maintain learning and memory throughout life, a process known as adult neurogenesis. When the brain is exposed to an injury or damage, these NSCs migrate to the damaged area, raising the possibilities of spontaneous recovery. Therefore, in this thesis we aimed to study the role of NSCs in brain repair, particularly after injuries caused by irradiation and ischemia. As the brain injury is often associated with inflammation, we also wanted to study the impact of microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, on NSC biology. Irradiation is used as an efficient tool to treat primary brain tumors and metastases. However, it leads to long-lasting cognitive decline in the cancer survivors. As a possible mechanism, depletion of hippocampal neurogenesis by irradiation has been proposed as a cause for the cognitive decline. As a restorative intervention, transplanted brain-derived NSCs into the irradiated brain have shown to generate neurons and astrocytes, and subsequently improve cognitive performance. However, such an approach might demand a clinically relevant source of cells, preferentially taken from the same patient. We therefore proposed the enteric neural stem/progenitor cells (ENSPCs), which are present in the enteric nervous system, as a source for cells that could be utilized to treat central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Here, we transplanted the ENSPCs into the hippocampus of young irradiated mice. Our results displayed that ENSPCs showed poor survival in the brain, remained undifferentiated, triggered neuro-inflammation, and did not restore irradiationinduced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain ischemia is caused by insufficient blood flow that leads to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply, eventually resulting in neuronal death. After ischemic damage, NSCs increase in numbers and migrate toward the lesioned area, however whether they replace lost neurons is still controversial, 5 especially in the cortex. Here our aim was two-fold: First, we wanted to look at the temporal and spatial response of migrating neural progenitors when the brain undergoes cortical stroke; and second to assess the cortical neurogenesis after ischemia. To promote the survival of the neural progenitors in the injury site, and subsequently cortical neurogenesis, we interrupted the caspase–mediated cell death with a pan-caspase inhibitor. We induced cortical ischemia using the photothrombotic stroke model, and found that neural progenitors migrate to the injured cortex for at least one year after the onset of the lesion. Neural progenitors were migrating along the corpus callosum fiber tract to reach the damaged cortex. We also observed that cortical neurogenesis was very rare, and caspase inhibition, contrary to our expectations, did not enhance this process. Interestingly, we found that caspase inhibition even diminished the ischemia-induced NSC response to stroke, and that appeared to be associated with a reduced pro-inflammatory profile, but not anti-inflammatory profile. Hence, caspase inhibition warrants caution when intended for neuroprotection after CNS injury. After brain injury, microglia become activated and they are abundant in the injury site. Depending on the activation signals, microglia can become either pro-inflammatory (neurotoxic, M1 phenotype) or anti-inflammatory (neuroprotective, M2). We therefore wanted to investigate the impact of either microglial phenotype on NSC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Our results revealed that factors associated with the proinflammatory phenotype were cytotoxic and triggered astrocytogenesis, while factors released associated with the anti-inflammatory phenotype promoted NSC migration.
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| 6. |
- Razumovskiy, Vsevolod I., et al.
(author)
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New Pt-Based Superalloy System Designed from First Principles
- 2009
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In: Advanced Intermetallic-Based Alloys For Extreme Environment And Energy Applications. - 9781605111001 ; , s. 233-238
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pt-Sc alloys with the gamma-gamma' microstructure are proposed as a basis for a new generation of Pt-based superalloys for ultrahigh-temperature applications. This alloy system was identified on the basis of first-principles calculations. Here we discuss the prospects of the Pt-Sc alloy system on the basis of calculated elastic properties, phonon spectra, and defect formation energies.
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| 7. |
- Vierth, Inge, 1959-
(author)
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Samhällsekonomiska analyser för sjömätningar : delrapport i OSKAR-projektet
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta delprojekt avser samhällsekonomiska analyser för sjömätningar. För att mätningarna i det 20 km2 stora området studerat inom OSKAR ska vara samhällsekonomiskt lönsamma måste de årliga nyttorna överstiga Sjöfartsverkets årliga kostnader på cirka 174 000 kr. Överslagsmässigt är detta givet om två grundstötningar (som leder till fartygsskador på sammanlagt ca 200 000 kr per år) kan undvikas. Säkerhetsnyttor kopplade till personalen och trafikanterna på dessa två fartyg och säkerhetsnyttor relaterade till andra fartyg, miljön med mera kan tillkomma.De samhällsekonomiska nyttorna är potentiellt stora för kollektivtrafikens fartyg som genomför 65 % av trafikarbetet i ”OSKAR-området”. Nyttoberäkningarna kräver dock tillgång till detaljerade kollektivtrafikdata, något som OSKAR-projektet inte har. Nyttor kan även uppkomma genom att bränsleförbrukningen och utsläppen av de andra fartygen reduceras. Myndigheterna kan använda informationen om sjöbotten för att utnyttja den befintliga maritima infrastrukturen på ett effektivare sätt och att identifiera lönsamma infrastrukturprojekt. En övergripande fråga är i vilken utsträckning en bättre samordning av sjömätningarna kan bidra till att minska kostnader för de olika sektorerna och samhället i stort.Projektet visar att det finns ett behov av att utveckla effektsambanden och de monetära värderingarna av materiella skador och miljöskador till följd av sjöolyckor. Avseende data är en fråga hur potentialen för öppna, användbara och tillgängliga data över hav och kustområden förhåller sig till Försvarsmaktens behov att begränsa möjligheten att dela data om sjöbotten. Ytterligare en fråga rör finansieringen av sjömätningarna, det vill säga i vilken grad sjömätningar ska finansieras via skatter, sålda sjökort, respektive avgifter för skräddarsydda tjänster.
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