| 1. |
- Kong, Xueying, 1993-
(author)
-
Porous Materials and Their Cellulose-Based Composites : Synthesis, Nanoengineering, and Applications
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Porous materials, such as porous carbons (PCs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), show considerable potential across various fields because of their rich microporous and mesoporous structures and large surface areas, yet they grapple with challenges like environmentally unfriendly fabrication methods and poor processability. In this thesis, we investigated environmentally friendly fabrication methods for porous materials, nanoengineering techniques for processing these materials, and their potential applications.Cladophora cellulose (CC), a naturally abundant biopolymer, was used to prepare PC via a one-step physical carbonization/activation method without using any corrosive activation agents. The obtained CC-derived PC (CPC) showed a high specific surface area (507.2 m2 g−1) and rich microporous structure. Additionally, we introduced a simple and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing imine-linked COFs at room temperature using water as the solvent. The method involves a key step in which aldehyde monomers are pre-activated by acetic acid, which promotes the aldehyde monomers to dissolve in water, enhancing their reactivity with amine monomers, and ensuring the formation of crystalline COFs. Consequently, we synthesized 16 distinct imine-linked COFs with high crystallinity and specific surface areas. Furthermore, this thesis focusses on improving the poor processability of these materials caused by the infusible and insoluble nature of their powders. The poor processability of these porous materials makes them difficult to process into desired structures and shapes. Here, we introduce two nanoengineering methods: i) Interweaving porous materials with CC nanofibers (CNFs) to form CNF-porous material aqueous solutions; and ii) Interfacial synthesis of porous materials on the surface of carboxylated CNFs to form CNF@porous materials with nanofiber structures in aqueous solutions. The obtained composite suspensions can be fabricated into freestanding and flexible composite nanopapers via a vacuum filtration and drying process. In addition, they can be processed into freestanding aerogels through a freeze-drying process. Consequently, we have successfully prepared freestanding and flexible CC-CPC nanopapers and CC-CPC aerogels, c-CNT@COF/CNT/CNF nanopapers (c-CNT: carboxylated carbon nanotube), CNF@MOF nanopapers, and CNF@COF nanopapers and demonstrated their potential in various applications, from efficient CO2 capture and organic pollutant removal to advanced energy storage and solar vapor generation. In summary, we used environmentally friendly methods to synthesize PC and imine-linked COFs, circumventing the need for corrosive chemical agents and toxic organic solvents, respectively. Furthermore, by combining CNFs with porous materials, we successfully created freestanding and flexible nanopapers and aerogels, thereby addressing the issue of poor processability associated with porous materials.
|
|
| 2. |
- Luo, Dan, et al.
(author)
-
Green, General and Low-cost Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers in Sub-kilogram Scale for Catalysis and CO2 Capture
- 2023
-
In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; n/a:n/a
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous organic polymers (POPs) with high porosity and tunable functionalities have been widely studied for use in gas separation, catalysis, energy conversion and energy storage. However, the high cost of organic monomers, and the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures during synthesis pose obstacles for large-scale production. Herein, we report the synthesis of imine and aminal-linked POPs using inexpensive diamine and dialdehyde monomer in green solvents. Theoretical calculations and control experiments show that using meta-diamines is crucial for forming aminal linkages and branching porous networks from [2 + 2] polycondensation reactions. The method demonstrates good generality in that 6 POPs were successfully synthesized from different monomers. Additionally, we scaled up the synthesis in ethanol at room temperature, resulting in the production of POPs in sub-kilogram quantities at a relatively low cost. Proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that the POPs can be used as high-performance sorbents for CO2 separation and as porous substrates for efficient heterogeneous catalysis. This method provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for large-scale synthesis of various POPs.
|
|
| 3. |
- Xu, Qinqin, et al.
(author)
-
Gold recovery from E-waste using freestanding nanopapers of cellulose and ionic covalent organic frameworks
- 2023
-
In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 458, s. 1-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ever-increasing production of electronic devices generates a huge amount of electronic waste (E-waste). Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced recycling technology for E-waste that provides both economic and environmental benefits. Herein, we describe the preparation of flexible, freestanding CF-COF nanopapers consisting of cellulose fibers (CFs) and guanidinium-based ionic covalent organic framework (COF) that can be used for recovering gold from E-waste leaching solutions via a membrane separation technique. Due to the synergetic effects of physical adsorption, ion exchange and chemical reduction, the COF has an extremely high capture capacity (up to 1,794 mg of Au per gram of COF), is highly selective and has fast kinetics for adsorbing trace amounts of [AuCl4]− in aqueous solution. The high COF loadings (∌50 wt%) and hierarchical porosity of the CF-COF nanopapers resulted in excellent performance when capturing gold species from the E-waste leaching solution. This study provides new possibilities for developing sustainable membrane materials, and highly efficient and cost-effective techniques for the recovery of precious metals from E-waste.
|
|
| 4. |
- Du, Xing-Hao, et al.
(author)
-
BODIPY-linked conjugated porous polymers for dye wastewater treatment
- 2022
-
In: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 332
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As a new family of functional porous materials, conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) with tuneable porosities and molecular architectures show great potentials in adsorption, light harvesting, and catalysis applications. This paper describes the incorporation of strong visible-light absorbing BODIPY molecules into the skeleton of CPPs via Sonogashira coupling reactions. The obtained CPPs displayed integrated properties of high surface area, hierarchical porous structures and strong visible-light absorption. As a result, the CPPs showed relatively high adsorption capacity and high photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards organic dyes. Mechanism studies revealed that the CPPs enabled the generation of singlet oxygen species under light irradiation, accounting for the main driving force for the dye degradation. This study provides a new route for the development of organic adsorbents and photocatalysts for water treatment and purification.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hu, Lei, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular surface modification of silver chalcogenolate clusters
- 2022
-
In: Dalton Trans.. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; 51, s. 3241-3247
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents a molecular surface modification approach to synthesizing a family of silver chalcogenolate clusters (SCCs) containing the same [Ag12S6] core and different surface-bonded organic ligands (DMAc or pyridines; DMAc = dimethylacetamide), with the aim of tuning the luminescence property and increasing the structural stability of the SCCs. The SCCs displayed strong and tuneable luminescence emissions at 77 K (from green to orange to red) as influenced by the peripheral pyridine ligands. In addition, SCC 5 protected by pyridine molecules was stable in ambient air, humid air and even liquid water for a long time (up to 1 week), and it was more structurally stable than SCC 1 bonded with DMAc molecules under the same conditions. The high structural stability of SCC 5 can be explained by the ability of pyridine molecules to form strong coordination bonds with silver atoms. This study offers a new way of designing structurally stable metal nanoclusters with tuneable physicochemical properties.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kong, Xueying, et al.
(author)
-
All-cellulose-based freestanding porous carbon nanocomposites and their versatile applications
- 2022
-
In: Composites Part B. - : Elsevier. - 1359-8368 .- 1879-1069. ; 232
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous carbons are key functional materials in a range of industrial processes such as gas adsorption and separation, water treatment, and energy conversion and storage. It is, however, important from a sustainability perspective for porous carbons to be synthesized from naturally abundant biopolymers. Nanoengineering of porous carbons using facile binder-free techniques presents significant challenges, but is deemed beneficial for broadening their field of use and improving their application performance. This paper discusses the processing of cellulose-based porous carbons interwoven with cellulose nanofibers to fabricate freestanding nanopapers and aerogels, aiming at developing processable, fully sustainable, and all-cellulose-based carbon nanocomposites. The aerogels, which have cellular networks, low density and high mechanical strength, were investigated as sorbents for CO2 capture and removal of various organics. The presence of rich ultramicropores allows the aerogels to adsorb relatively high amounts of CO2, with high selectivity of CO2-over-N-2 (up to 111). More importantly, the sorbents have high CO2 working capacities and excellent recyclability under temperature swing adsorption conditions. In addition, the aerogels can adsorb various organic solvents remarkably well, corresponding to 100-217 times their own weight. The nanopapers are active photothermal materials that can be applied as solar absorbers for interfacial solar vapor generation, providing a high evaporation rate (1.74 kg m(-2) h(-1) under one sun illumination). The nanopapers were also employed as electrodes in flexible, foldable super capacitors with high areal capacitances. This study may provide a basis for further development of and new application areas for all-cellulose-based nanocomposites.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kong, Xueying, et al.
(author)
-
Ambient Aqueous Synthesis of Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) and Fabrication of Freestanding Cellulose Nanofiber@COF Nanopapers
- 2023
-
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 146:1, s. 742-751
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are usually synthesized under solvothermal conditions that require the use of toxic organic solvents, high reaction temperatures, and complicated procedures. Additionally, their insolubility and infusibility present substantial challenges in the processing of COFs. Herein, we report a facile, green approach for the synthesis of imine-linked COFs in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The key behind the synthesis is the regulation of the reaction rate. The preactivation of aldehyde monomers using acetic acid significantly enhances their reactivity in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, the still somewhat lower imine formation rate and higher imine breaking rates in aqueous solution, in contrast to conventional solvothermal synthesis, allow for the modulation of the reaction equilibrium and the crystallization of the products. As a result, highly crystalline COFs with large surface areas can be formed in relatively high yields in a few minutes. In total, 16 COFs are successfully synthesized from monomers with different molecular sizes, geometries, pendant groups, and core structures, demonstrating the versatility of this approach. Notably, this method works well on the gram scale synthesis of COFs. Furthermore, the aqueous synthesis facilitates the interfacial growth of COF nanolayers on the surface of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The resulting CNF@COF hybrid nanofibers can be easily processed into freestanding nanopapers, demonstrating high efficiency in removing trace amounts of antibiotics from wastewater. This study provides a route to the green synthesis and processing of various COFs, paving the way for practical applications in diverse fields.
|
|
| 8. |
- Kong, Xueying, et al.
(author)
-
Aqueous synthesis and engineering of imine-linked covalent organic frameworks
- 2023
-
In: One-day symposium: Sorption, Transport and Catalysis in Metal-Organic Frameworks. Uppsala 18/9 2023. - Uppsala.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are typically synthesized through solvothermal methods, which necessitate the use of hazardous organic solvents, elevated reaction temperatures, and intricate procedures. Additionally, their insolubility and inability to melt present substantial challenges in the processing of COFs. In this study, we present an eco-friendly method for synthesizing imine-linked COFs by simply stirring the initial materials in an aqueous solution at room temperature. A key element of this approach involves the pre-activation of aldehyde monomers using acetic acid, significantly enhancing their reactivity in aqueous solutions. This innovative strategy results in the rapid formation of highly crystalline COFs formed at relatively high yields, with substantial surface areas, within minutes. Remarkably, this method performs exceptionally well on a gram-scale, producing highly crystalline and porous COFs in scaled-up reactions.We successfully synthesized a total of 15 COFs using monomers with diverse molecular sizes, geometries, pendant groups, and core structures, underscoring the versatility of this approach. Furthermore, our use of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as a substrate during the syntheses allows for the growth of COF nanolayers on the CNF surface. These CNF@COF hybrid nanofibers can be effortlessly transformed into freestanding nanopapers.Significantly, both COF powders and CNF@COF nanopapers exhibit remarkable efficiency in removing trace amounts of antibiotics from wastewater. This research offers a promising avenue for the green synthesis and processing of various COFs, paving the way for practical applications in diverse fields.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Shi, Tianhui, et al.
(author)
-
Postsynthetic amine modification of porous organic polymers for CO2 capture and separation
- 2024
-
In: Journal of Polymer Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2642-4150 .- 2642-4169. ; 62:8, s. 1554-1568
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous organic polymers (POPs) constitute an important class of sorbents studied in various adsorption and separation processes. Their unique properties, including high surface areas, adjustable pore sizes, and surface chemistries make them ideal candidates for CO2 capture. To achieve a high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity, particularly at the low partition pressures required for post-combustion CO2 capture or direct capture of CO2 from the atmosphere, incorporating amines onto the polymer frameworks or within the pores has shown much promise. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent studies on the synthesis and CO2 capture performance of amine-functionalized POPs. The review also provides a detailed discussion of structure-performance relationships, focusing on how the loading amount and amine type influence CO2 capture capacity, CO2/N2 selectivity, heat of adsorption, sorption kinetics, and recyclability of POPs. Additionally, the authors offer their perspective on the challenges associated with the practical implementation of amine-modified POPs for CO2 capture.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Wu, Zheng, et al.
(author)
-
Solar Thermal Swing Adsorption on Porous Carbon Monoliths for High-performance CO2 Capture
- 2023
-
In: Nano Research. - : Springer. - 1998-0124 .- 1998-0000. ; 16:7, s. 10617-10625
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Utilizing solar energy for sorbent regeneration during the CO2 swing adsorption processes could potentially reduce CO2 capture costs. This study describes a new technique−solar thermal swing adsorption (STSA) for CO2 capture based on application of intermittent illumination onto porous carbon monolith (PCM) sorbents during the CO2 capture process. This allows CO2 to be selectively adsorbed on the sorbents during the light-off periods and thereafter released during the light-on periods due to the solar thermal effect. The freestanding and mechanically strong PCMs have rich ultramicropores with narrow pore size distributions, displaying relatively high CO2 adsorption capacities and high CO2/N2 selectivities. Given the high CO2 capture performance, high solar thermal conversion efficiency and high thermal conductivity, the PCM sorbents could achieve high CO2 capture rate of up to 0.226 kgCO2 kgcarbon−1 h−1 from a gas mixture of 20v% CO2/80v% N2 under STSA conditions with a light intensity of 1,000 W m−2. In addition, the combination of STSA with the conventional vacuum swing adsorption technique further increases the CO2 working capacity.
|
|
| 13. |
- Xu, Chao, Assistant Professor, 1987-
(author)
-
Green synthesis and processing of porous organic materials
- 2023
-
In: National Polymer Academic Paper Conference 2023. - Wuhan.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous organic materials (POMs), including amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs) and crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are emerging functional porous materials with unique properties such as high surface areas, tunable porosities, and synthetic diversity. They have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, energy harvesting, and storage. However, their practical use has been hampered by the high synthesis cost, complicated synthesis procedures, and challenges in material processing.To address these limitations, we have recently developed a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and scalable method for synthesizing imine and aminal linked POPs using industrially available organic linkers in ethanol/water at room temperature. Additionally, a range of imine linked COFs has been synthesized in aqueous solutions at room temperature. Furthermore, we have employed interweaving and interfacial synthesis techniques to process POMs into freestanding nanopapers, utilizing cellulose fibers as a substrate material. These nanopapers demonstrate potential applications as membranes for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater and the capture of gold ions from electronic waste leaching solutions. These advancements offer new possibilities for large-scale synthesis, processing, and the practical application of POMs.
|
|
| 14. |
- Xu, Chao, Assistant Professor, 1987-
(author)
-
Nanoengineering of porous organic materials by nanocellulose
- 2023
-
In: ICAFPM 2023. - Shanghai : ICAFPM.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous organic materials (POMs), including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are emerging functional porous materials with unique properties such as high surface areas, tunable porosities, and synthetic diversity. They have attracted significant interests for their potential applications in adsorption, separation, catalysis, energy harvesting, and storage. However, POMs are usually synthesized as insoluble and infusible powders, posing challenges in processing them into desired shapes and structures. As a result, the practical applications of POMs have been significantly hampered.In order to address this issue, we have recently developed nanoengineering techniques with the assistance of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as the flexible substrate to process a range of POMs. For example, the interfacial synthesis enabled the formation of POM nanolayers on the surface of functionalized CNFs. The obtained hybrid CNF@POM nanofibers can be easily processed into freestanding and flexible nanopapers and aerogels. The features of renewability, high surface area, rich surface functionality, nanofibrous structure, good dispensability and processability in water of CNFs make them as excellent substrate or template for processing the POMs. The resulting nanocomposites find applications in flexible electrochemical energy storage, solar thermal energy harvesting, thermal insulation, fire retardancy, and E-waste recycling. These studies provided new routes for overcoming the difficulties in processing various POMs. It is expected that the transfer of knowledge from these studies into the areas of materials design and manufacturing could promote the development of fully sustainable, freestanding functional porous materials for versatile applications.
|
|
| 15. |
- Zhou, Shengyang, et al.
(author)
-
Cellulose Nanofiber @ Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors
- 2019
-
In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 13:8, s. 9578-9586
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conductive metal–organic frameworks (c-MOFs) show great potential in electrochemical energy storage thanks to their high electrical conductivity and highly accessible surface areas. However, there are significant challenges in processing c-MOFs for practical applications. Here, we report on the fabrication of c-MOF nanolayers on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with formation of nanofibrillar CNF@c-MOF by interfacial synthesis, in which CNFs serve as substrates for growth of c-MOF nanolayers. The obtained hybrid nanofibers of CNF@c-MOF can be easily assembled into freestanding nanopapers, demonstrating high electrical conductivity of up to 100 S cm–1, hierarchical micromesoporosity, and excellent mechanical properties. Given these advantages, the nanopapers are tested as electrodes in a flexible and foldable supercapacitor. The high conductivity and hierarchical porous structure of the electrodes endow fast charge transfer and efficient electrolyte transport, respectively. Furthermore, the assembled supercapacitor shows extremely high cycle stability with capacitance retentions of >99% after 10000 continuous charge–discharge cycles. This work provides a pathway to develop flexible energy storage devices based on sustainable cellulose and MOFs.
|
|
| 16. |
- Zhou, Shengyang, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient Solar Thermal Energy Conversion and Utilization by a Film of Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Layered on Nanocellulose
- 2022
-
In: ACS Materials Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2639-4979. ; 4, s. 1058-1064
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing materials for efficient solar thermal energy conversion (STEC) is currently a promising field in energy research. Traditional STEC materials such as carbon and plasmonic nanomaterials have limited efficiency of solar heat utilization, despite their high photothermal conversion efficiency. This paper describes a film composed of hybrid nanofibers of a metal–organic framework layered on cellulose (MC film), resulting in both high photothermal conversion and heat utilization efficiency. The mechanically strong and flexible film can be designed as a solar-driven actuator, enabling large-angle actuation and high contractile power up to 2.5 times greater than that of human muscle. Furthermore, the gathered heat by a MC film-based apparatus can be manipulated to drive solar steam generation for highly efficient seawater desalination, generating clean water at rate of 2.25 kg m–2 h–1 under one-sun irradiation without surface salt accumulation. This work may provide a design rule for developing high-performance STEC systems.
|
|
| 17. |
- Zhou, Shengyang, et al.
(author)
-
Electrochemical Doping and Structural Modulation of Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks
- 2024
-
In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 63:14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we introduce an electrochemical doping strategy aimed at manipulating the structure and composition of electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs). Our methodology is exemplified through a representative c-MOF, Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP=2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexaiminotriphenylene), synthesized into porous thin films supported by nanocellulose. While the c-MOF exhibits characteristic capacitive behavior in neutral electrolyte; it manifests redox behaviors in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Evidence indicates that the organic ligands within c-MOF undergo oxidation (p-doping) and reduction (n-doping) when exposed to specific electrochemical potentials in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Interestingly, the p-doping process proves reversible, with the c-MOF structure remaining stable across cyclic p-doping/de-doping. In contrast, the n-doping is irreversible, leading to the gradual decomposition of the framework into inorganic species over a few cycles. Drawing on these findings, we showcase the versatile electrochemical applications of c-MOFs and their derived composites, encompassing electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and ultrafast actuation. This study provides profound insights into the doping of c-MOFs, offering a new avenue for modulating their chemical and electronic structure, thereby broadening their potential for diverse electrochemical applications.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Åberg, Ola, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Educational challenges for teaching nanotechnology : Part 1. Global and local perspectives for teaching nanotechnology
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study, systematic analysis of nanotechnology education programmes was carried out from a global and local perspective. Although several universities offer 3-4 year nanotechnology-centred educational programmes, in general the most common modes for nanotechnology education include either modular courses integrated in traditional scientific disciplines or 2-year specialised MSc programmes. Nanotechnology education has a number of peculiarities. For example, it is common to include “nano”-labelling of education for marketing purposes to attract students to study traditional disciplines. Another conclusion of the analysis is that specialised nanotechnology programmes require access to advanced characterisation equipment, which can be limiting for programmes with small number of students. The nanotechnology education in Sweden does not differ much from other countries in its structure. MSc programmes or modular courses in nanotechnology are offered by major universities. Lund University and KTH offer 2-year MSc programmes with specialisation in nanoscience, having strong focus on nanoelectronics and nanophysics, whereas Chalmers is offering nanoelectronics as a part of international 2-year Erasmus Mundus MSc programme in nanoscience and nanotechnology- EMMNano. The nanotechnology education at Uppsala University is conducted mainly through modular courses, with significantly higher number of courses specialised in life sciences applications than that at other major Swedish universities. At this time, it appears that no 2-year MSc programme is offered by major Swedish universities with specialisation in nanomedicine. Finally, extensive analysis of nanotechnology for life science education is conducted to highlight core concepts in the field.
|
|
| 20. |
- Åhlén, Michelle, et al.
(author)
-
Low-concentration CO2 capture using metal–organic frameworks : current status and future perspectives
- 2023
-
In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 52:7, s. 1841-1856
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ever-increasing atmospheric CO2 level is considered to be the major cause of climate change. Although the move away from fossil fuel-based energy generation to sustainable energy sources would significantly reduce the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, it will most probably take time to be fully implemented on a global scale. On the other hand, capturing CO2 from emission sources or directly from the atmosphere are robust approaches that can reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration in a relatively short time. Here, we provide a perspective on the recent development of metal–organic framework (MOF)-based solid sorbents that have been investigated for application in CO2 capture from low-concentration (<10 000 ppm) CO2 sources. We summarized the different sorbent engineering approaches adopted by researchers, both from the sorbent development and processing viewpoints. We also discuss the immediate challenges of using MOF-based CO2 sorbents for low-concentration CO2 capture. MOF-based materials, with tuneable pore properties and tailorable surface chemistry, and ease of handling, certainly deserve continued development into low-cost, efficient CO2 sorbents for low-concentration CO2 capture.
|
|
