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| 2. |
- Achterberg, A., et al.
(author)
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The search for muon neutrinos from northern hemisphere gamma-ray bursts with AMANDA
- 2008
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 674:1, s. 357-370
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the results of the analysis of neutrino observations by the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) correlated with photon observations of more than 400 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the northern hemisphere from 1997 to 2003. During this time period, AMANDA's effective collection area for muon neutrinos was larger than that of any other existing detector. After the application of various selection criteria to our data, we expect similar to 1 neutrino event and <2 background events. Based on our observations of zero events during and immediately prior to the GRBs in the data set, we set the most stringent upper limit on muon neutrino emission correlated with GRBs. Assuming a Waxman-Bahcall spectrum and incorporating all systematic uncertainties, our flux upper limit has a normalization at 1 PeV of E-2 Phi(nu) <= 6.3 x 10(-9) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), with 90% of the events expected within the energy range of similar to 10 TeV to similar to 3 PeV. The impact of this limit on several theoretical models of GRBs is discussed, as well as the future potential for detection of GRBs by next-generation neutrino telescopes. Finally, we briefly describe several modifications to this analysis in order to apply it to other types of transient point sources.
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| 3. |
- Jiao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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PHIP - a novel candidate breast cancer susceptibility locus on 6q14.1
- 2017
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In: Oncotarget. - : IMPACT JOURNALS LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:61, s. 102769-102782
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families have no identified genetic cause. We used linkage and haplotype analyses in familial and sporadic breast cancer cases to identify a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q. Two independent genome-wide linkage analysis studies suggested a 3 Mb locus on chromosome 6q and two unrelated Swedish families with a LOD > 2 together seemed to share a haplotype in 6q14.1. We hypothesized that this region harbored a rare high-risk founder allele contributing to breast cancer in these two families. Sequencing of DNA and RNA from the two families did not detect any pathogenic mutations. Finally, 29 SNPs in the region were analyzed in 44,214 cases and 43,532 controls from BCAC, and the original haplotypes in the two families were suggested as low-risk alleles for European and Swedish women specifically. There was also some support for one additional independent moderate-risk allele in Swedish familial samples. The results were consistent with our previous findings in familial breast cancer and supported a breast cancer susceptibility locus at 6q14.1 around the PHIP gene.
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| 4. |
- Oja, L., et al.
(author)
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Behavioral and electrophysiological indicators of auditory distractibility in children with ADHD and comorbid ODD
- 2016
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In: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1632, s. 42-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Involuntary switching of attention to distracting sounds was studied by measuring effects of these events on auditory discrimination performance and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in 6–11-year-old boys with Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and in age-matched controls. The children were instructed to differentiate between two animal calls by pressing one response button, for example, to a dog bark and another button to a cat mew. These task-relevant sounds were presented from one of two loudspeakers in front of the child, and there were occasional task-irrelevant changes in the sound location, that is, the loudspeaker. In addition, novel sounds (e.g., a sound of hammer, rain, or car horn) unrelated to the task were presented from a loudspeaker behind the child. The percentage of correct responses was lower for target sounds preceded by a novel sound than for targets not preceded by such sound in the ADHD group, but not in the control group. In both groups, a biphasic positive P3a response was observed in ERPs to the novel sounds. The later part of the P3a appeared to continue longer over the frontal scalp areas in the ADHD group than in the controls presumably because a reorienting negativity (RON) ERP response following the P3a was smaller in the ADHD group than in the control group. This suggests that the children with ADHD had problems in reorienting their attention to the current task after a distracting novel sound leading to deterioration of performance in this task. The present study also indicates that children with ADHD and comorbid ODD show same kind of distractibility as found in previous studies for children with ADHD without systematic comorbid ODD.
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| 5. |
- Sajaniemi, N., et al.
(author)
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Early cognitive and behavioral predictors of later performance : A follow-up study of ELBW children from ages 2 to 4
- 2001
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In: Early Childhood Research Quarterly. - 0885-2006 .- 1873-7706. ; 16:3, s. 343-361
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine whether behavioral style and cognitive performance predict cognitive development in ELBW children. The children were assessed at age 2 (40 girls, 41 boys) with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. At age 4 they were assessed with the WPPSI-R, and with the word fluency, visual attention and recognition of incomplete figures subsets of the Finnish Neuropsychological Investigation for Children (NEPSY-R, Korkman et al. 1997). The results indicated that there was stability in cognitive performance from 2 to 4 years of age. Along with cognitive performance, behavioral style, especially orientation-engagement at age 2, was an important predictor of subsequent cognitive performance (WPPSI-R). Significant gender differences were also found. For boys, orientation-engagement factor at time one was the best predictor of subsequent nonverbal cognitive performance, arithmetical abilities and word fluency at time two. In contrast, girls' cognitive performance measured at the 2-year assessment was the most powerful predictor of nonverbal performance and word fluency at 4 years. As a whole, it seems that behavioral factors merit more consideration in understanding cognitive development than has been thought before. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.
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| 6. |
- Emanuelson, Ingrid, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Computed tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography as diagnostic tools in acquired brain injury among children and adolescents.
- 1997
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In: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 39:8, s. 502-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty children with acquired brain injuries were investigated with CT and SPECT. The findings were related to the clinical outcome judged at discharge following acute care after the injury and at follow-up 5 years later. The abnormalities that were found were classified for each lobe on a scale ranging from 0 (normal) to 5 (severe abnormality). The patients were divided into two groups showing mild and severe injury. CT and SPECT revealed similar results in the patients with severe injury, but in the group of mildly injured children the number of affected lobes and scores indicated by SPECT were significantly higher than those indicated by CT. SPECT also differentiated more effectively between the two outcome groups. This supports the hypothesis that SPECT could be used as an instrument to objectivise minor sequelae and that SPECT and CT are both useful methods for forecasting outcome.
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| 7. |
- Emanuelson, I, et al.
(author)
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Late outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.
- 1998
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In: Pediatric rehabilitation. - 1363-8491. ; 2:2, s. 65-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Eighteen surviving adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury were re-examined a mean period of 7.1 years after their trauma in order to determine their life situation, motor, cognitive functions and pattern of handicap. METHODS: A structured interview, the EB test of motor function, Ravens's progressive matrices, Peabody's neuropsychological test, SPIQ and the WHO classification of handicap were used. RESULTS: The group had a mean WHO Classification of Handicap score of 1.61 (SD 1.60) revealing mild handicap, and performed as a group significantly subnormal (p < 0.0001) in gross motor, fine motor, sensibility and perception sub-tests. The EB test revealed a mean value of 2.23 (SD 0.89) corresponding to mild disability. The mean non-verbal IQ score of 93.1 (SD 13.9) and the verbal score of 93.4 (SD 14.8) were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: Only 28% of the group of surviving adolescent TBI victims functioned within normal limits. The most crucial disabling component was poor social integration, which was clearly demonstrated in the WHO score.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Falk, AC, et al.
(author)
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Management and classification of children with head injury
- 2005
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In: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0256-7040. ; 21:6, s. 430-436
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 13. |
- Falk, AC, et al.
(author)
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The specificity of post-concussive symptoms in the pediatric population
- 2009
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In: Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community. - : SAGE Publications. - 1741-2889. ; 13:3, s. 227-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study compared patterns of reported symptoms between a mild head injury group and a group of children with abdominal complaints visiting an emergency department. Children (0—15 years) admitted to an emergency department during a three-month period with a history of head injury and a comparison group of children were included. Medical records at the time of injury were reviewed and follow-up questionnaires focused on presumed symptoms related to concussion at three months post-visit. The comparison group reported significantly more change in behaviour than the head injury group. However, for the older children, higher intensity of symptoms was reported by the comparison group compared to the head injury group. Initial differences in the amount and presence of symptoms between the two groups did not reflect the findings at three months; both groups reported symptoms or changes at three months after the event. Evaluating children aged under five, their symptoms and recovery patterns after a head injury is recommended.
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| 14. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Autistic symptoms in children with infantile hydrocephalus.
- 1991
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In: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:4, s. 451-457
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From a population-based series of children with Infantile Hydrocephalus (IH) 69 patients (mean age 11.7 years) were examined with respect to the occurrence of autistic symptoms. Autistic symptomatology was evaluated according to a modified short Swedish version of the so-called Autism Behavior Checklist. Sixteen of the 69 IH children (23%) reached a score which was considered indicative of autistic symptoms (AS) in the child. This group was compared with the remaining 53 IH children without autistic symptoms (non AS). Significant differences were found between these two groups with respect to aetiological and clinical data. In the AS group 44% were born preterm as compared to 9% in the non AS group. CT scan showed major abnormalities in 64% of the AS children while this was present in 28% in the non AS group. The occurrence of major neuroimpairments--epilepsy, mental retardation and cerebral palsy--was 50%, 88% and 50% in the AS group as compared to 9%, 23% and 19% respectively in the non AS group. It was concluded that the more severe the brain damage in children with IH the more likely that autistic symptomatology would ensue. This implies that specific neuropsychiatric services to these families are required.
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| 15. |
- Hagberg, Gudrun, 1924, et al.
(author)
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Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden. Reduced optimality in prepartum, partum and postpartum conditions. A case-control study.
- 1988
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In: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 19:1, s. 16-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The optimality concept developed by Prechtl was adopted to investigate a population-based series of infantile hydrocephalus (IH). The results were compared with those from a control series of newborns. The case series comprised 128 IH children born at term and 50 born preterm, and the control series 269 and 176, respectively. Cases with a prenatal cause of IH, as compared with those with a perinatal cause and controls, had significantly increased risk of IH by reduced optimality in the prepartum period. Peaks in the flow of non-optimal items in the prenatal group were repeated abortions or perinatal death in previous pregnancies, maternal disorder and twin birth. The profile of reduced optimality in term IH cases of undefined cause was similar to that of term cases with a prenatal cause. All IH cases had significantly increased reduced optimality in the postpartum period compared with controls. The increase was massive in cases where IH was of perinatal cause, with peaks in items of acidosis, apnea, respiratory treatment, infection and cerebral irritation. Reduced optimality in partum conditions did not discriminate between IH of pre- and perinatal cause. Reduced optimality in the prepartum, partum and postpartum periods in IH children, as compared with those with cerebral palsy syndromes, was nearly identical to that of hemiplegic, and significantly lower than that of diplegic and dyskinetic, cerebral palsy.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Serlo, W, et al.
(author)
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Functions and complications of shunts in different etiologies of childhood hydrocephalus.
- 1990
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In: Child's Nervous System. - 0256-7040. ; 6:2, s. 92-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shunt function and complications in different etiologies of childhood hydrocephalus were studied in a series of 306 patients involving 1102 shunt operations. Shunts in patients with hydrocephalus caused by neoplasms proved to be most prone to shunt complications. The patency time for shunts in these patients was significantly shorter than for shunts in other patient categories [Standard number of deviations (SND) 5.9; P less than 0.001, Meyer-Kaplan life table analysis]. When the two main groups of infantile hydrocephalus-congenital obstructive hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus caused by perinatal intracerebral hemorrhage-were compared, the latter group proved to be significantly more prone to shunt infections (P less than 0.01), with an infection rate of 17.8% compared with 8.9% for the former group. The importance of this fact is stressed by the observation that these patients appear to constitute an increasing percentage of hydrocephalic patients. According to the present study, patients with congenital intracranial cysts and hydrocephalus are less prone to shunt complications, i.e., the infection rate is 6.8%, which is significantly less than that of patients with other types of hydrocephalus (P less than 0.01; chi-square test).
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| 18. |
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| 20. |
- Van't Hooft, I, et al.
(author)
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Beneficial effect from a cognitive training programme on children with acquired brain injuries demonstrated in a controlled study
- 2005
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In: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-301X .- 0269-9052. ; 19:7, s. 511-518
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Primary objective: To test the effectiveness of a cognitive training programme in children and adolescents with attention and memory deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI). Research design: Randomized controlled study. Participants: Thirty-eight children with ABI, 9 - 16 years of age. Methods and procedures: The treatment group trained with the cognitive programme for 30 minutes per day interactively with a teacher or parent for a period of 17 weeks. Children in the control group had a freely chosen interactive activity 30 minutes daily for 17 weeks. Pre- and post-training assessments were made using a neuropsychological test battery. Main outcome and results: Significant improvements in the majority of neuropsychological tests of sustained and selective attention as well as in memory performance were shown in the treatment group as compared to controls. Conclusions: The immediate effect of the training programme improved complex attention and memory functions, indicating that this method may be a valuable treatment option for improving cognitive efficiency in children after ABI. On the basis of these results, the next step will be to evaluate long-term effects and further ecological validity.
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