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- Nilsson, Staffan, 1974-
(author)
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Yrke, Cancer och Alkohol : En studie av alkoholrelaterad cancer i olika yrken
- 1999
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The association between alcohol and e.g. liver cirrhosis, alcohol psychosis, alcohol poisoning, violence, accidents etc is well established . The connection between alcohol and cancer is less well known, however. Every third Swede will fall ill with cancer during their lifetime. Alcohol is considered to be the second most important risk factor of cancer, preceded by tobacco. Earlier studies on alcohol consumption in different occupations is scarce. There is however a well-established association between alcohol consumption and socio-economic group.The aim of this study is to examine the risks of alcohol-related cancer in men by different occupations. For this purpose the 1970 Census population was followed up for the period 1971-1984 by means of the Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry. Previous research have shown a strong association between alcohol and cancer in the oral cavity, oesophagus, larynx, and pharynx and a slightly weaker association with cancer of the liver. More than half of the incidence of aerodigestive cancer is caused by alcohol. There is a strong synergistic effect between alcohol and cancer in the aetiology of the aerodigestive cancers and more than 80% of these cancers is caused by alcohol in combination with smoking. Smoking is not a risk factor of cancer in the liver, though. The aetiology of cancer is very complex and factors and this complicates the discussion about causality. Lung cancer is largely caused by smoking and by observing the lung cancer incidence in a group the proportion of smokers can be roughly estimated. This is helpful in the estimation of impact of alcohol respectively smoking in the results. In occupational groups which display statistically significantly elevated standardised morbidity rates (SMR) of alcohol related cancer and lung cancer there is reason to take smoking into account in the discussion of the aetiology of aerodigestive cancer. This is a descriptive study is intended to be a base for further etiological or analytical studies. The aim is to establish hypotheses about the possible impact of alcohol in the aetiology of cancer at the aerodigestive sites and cancer of the liver in different occupational groups.The results implies a need for further research on alcohol consumption and cancer among literary and artistic workers, printing workers, housekeepers and related service workers, secretaries, typists and related workers, legal workers, travelling agents, waiters and waitresses, ship officers, post workers and other messengers, and finally packers, dockers and freight handlers, store and warehouse workers. It is difficult to draw any general conclusions from these results, but in several of these occupational groups there are several established risk factors of a higher alcohol consumption to be found, such as inadequate social contacts, low control, high demands resulting in high tension, among others. Whether the cancer, examined in this study, is caused by alcohol or some other risk factors it is important in a pubic health perspective to study these occupational groups and work environments in further detail to order to enable future prevention.
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| 3. |
- Becker, Wulf, et al.
(author)
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Hög proteinhalt i svensk mat : en hälsorik?
- 1996
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 93:1-2, s. 37-40
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Proteininnehållet i svenskkost är relativt högt i förhållande till internationella rekommendationer. Höga proteinintaghos barn har satts i samband med ökad risk för övervikt. Hos vuxna har ett högt proteinintag,och därmed förhöjda homocysteinnivåer i serum, samtidigt med ett lågt intag av folacin förts fram som riskfaktorer förhjärt–kärlsjukdom. Det finns inga fördelar – men eventuellt nackdelar – med ett proteinintag över 15 energiprocent, eller1,5 g/kg kroppsvikt.
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| 4. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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Pure Selection. The Ethics of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Choosing Children without Abortion
- 1999
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Preimplantation ge¬netic diagnosis (PGD) is taken to mark the starting-point of a new phase in human reproduction, where the possibility of choosing children on genetic grounds without having to resort to ethi¬cally controversial procedures (such as abortion) will grad¬ually increase. Ethical and political issues actu¬alised by this develop¬ment are addressed. The discussion touches upon issues regarding the moral status of em¬bryos and gametes, the moral import of respecting individual auton¬omy and its implications for the requirement of informed consent in health-care, the connec¬tion between sickness, dis¬ability and the value of life, the moral status of possible future people, and the connection between choosing children and eugenic policies of the past. Practical policy issues are adressed on the basis of this, as well as an empirical case-study of the intro¬duction of PGD in Sweden. The book ends up in a set of recommendations regarding the management of re¬search on, introduction and routine use of procedures for pure se¬lection, both within health care and from the point of view of society as a whole. It is argued that research on such procedures should be allowed and supported by society. However, tight restrictions regarding the clinical introduction of new procedures in this area is highly desirable. A rough model for implementing such re¬strictions is also pre¬sented. It is further asserted that, although reasons of economy and safety should limit the access to pure se¬lection, society should not apply any explicit restrictions based on ideasregarding how different traits affect a person’s quality of life. It is stressed that, in order to to avoid a re¬sur¬rection of eugenic policies of the past, the development in this field un¬der¬lines the need for continued and strengthen public support to the sick, dis¬abled and mentally retarded.
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| 7. |
- Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Reproductive effects of chemical exposures in health professions
- 1995
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752. ; 37:8, s. 957-61
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Numerous chemical substances are handled by persons working in the health care sector. At exposure levels that may occur in the occupational setting, some of these substances are potentially harmful to the reproductive processes. Among the potentially harmful substances are anesthetic gases, antineoplastic agents, and sterilants. The epidemiological evidence of increased risks for adverse reproductive effects (eg, subfertility, spontaneous abortions, congenital defects) from such exposure is not unequivocal. However, due to the toxic potential, exposures should be kept at a minimum, and this may be especially important for workers who are pregnant or are planning to achieve pregnancy.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Ulf
(author)
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DRÖMMEN OM DEN HÄLSOSAMMA MEDBORGAREN.
- 1999
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Folkuppfostran och hälsoupplysning har en lång tradiion i det svenska samhället. Myndigheterna har sedan mitten av 1700-talet intresserat sig för i vilken utsträckning som den svenska befolkningen har levt ett sa hälsosamt liv som möjligt, till gagn för de samhällsprojekt som formulerats under olika tider. Intresset har varit särskilt starkt under de perioder då samhället anses ha varit i kris. Här diskuteras de drömmar om den upplysta och hälsosamma medborgaren som har följt folkhemmets framväxt, utveckling och omstrukturering. Boken börjar i 1930-talets oro att det låga födelsetalet skulle hota landets framtida utveckling. Den slutar i 1990-talets diskussioner om I enskildes rätt att fa del av samhällets krympande sjukvårdsresurser.Det material som analyseras är statliga utredningar som legat till grund for hälso- och sjukvårdens framväxt och övergripande inriktning. Ett genomgående tema är välfärdsstatens manipulerande och frigörande mekanismer. En central fråga är om nutidens framställning av de som röker kan sägas fylla samma funktion som föreställningarna om rasbiologiskt undermåliga individer gjorde i 1930-talets framtidsvisioner.
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