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| 3. |
- Ahlberg, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Proton-Induced X-Ray Analysis of Steel Surfaces for Microprobe Purposes
- 1975
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 123:2, s. 385-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study of the detection limits for the elements with Z = 15-92 in thick target steel surfaces using proton-induced X-ray technique has been performed. Samples were irradiated with a broad proton beam of 2 mm diameter and the X-rays were detected by a Si(Li) detector. Detection limits at levels down to the order of 10 ppm were achieved with simultaneous measurement of several elements. Mylar and chromium absorbers were introduced in front of the semiconductor detector and irradiations at two different proton energies (1.0 and 2.5 MeV) were carried out in order to elucidate their effects on detection limits. The results are valid for microbeam analysis.
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| 5. |
- Ahlberg, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission in the Trace Analysis of Human Tooth Enamel and Dentine
- 1976
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In: International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes. ; 27:5-6, s. 279-290
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study the feasibility of applying proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) to the trace element analysis of human tooth enamel and dentine is investigated. Detection limits on the order of 1–10 ppm are obtained. Depth yields for different elements and proton energies are discussed. Enhancement calculations show that the effect for PIXE analysis is less important than for X-ray induced X-ray analysis. However, for elements with an absorption edge just below an intense X-ray line from a major element the enhancement effect is significant, and, due to the 40% calcium in the enamel matrix, it is estimated to be 15% for potassium. The importance of a smooth sample surface is discussed.
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| 6. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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A Beam Mapping Method
- 1971
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 91:4, s. 663-664
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Akselsson, Roland
(author)
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Aerosol Sampling and Samplers Matched to PIXE Analysis
- 1984
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B. ; 3:1-3, s. 425-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PIXE method constitutes a tool for fast, reliable multi-elemental analysis of small samples. These properties are very attractive in aerosol sciences and in aerosol monitoring programmes. Thus PIXE allows the use of small samplers which are easy to deploy and could be operated for long periods even at more or less remote sites. For working environment aerosols, samplers with time resolution can be, and in a few cases are, designed for personal continuous sampling in the breathing zone. For both practical and economical reasons, PIXE, in many applications, facilitates the gathering of multi-elemental information about aerosols with more detailed size, site and time resolution when compared with conventional techniques. Conditions for maximum exploitation of the PIXE technique in aerosol research are development of suitable samplers, optimal sampling strategies and adequate analytical procedures taking the unique properties of PIXE into consideration. These developmental tasks require intense interactions between several research and development disciplines. In this paper, the state of the art of samplers matched to the PIXE method is reviewed.
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| 9. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Application of Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Analysis to the St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study
- 1975
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In: Advances in X-Ray Analysis. ; 18, s. 588-597
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The St Louis aerosol was sampled during the period 16-22 August 1973 simultaneously at two locations using cascade impactors for sequential 12-hour samples. The six particle size fractions of each sampling were individually analyzed using PIXE for elements from S to Br and beyond and for heavy elements including Pb which permitted time variations of concentrations and particle size distributions to be followed and related to meteorological changes during the sampling period. In addition, the data were compared with average levels of the elements in coastal north Florida and maritime Bermuda as well as at a third St. Louis site. From this it appeared that some of the concentrations in St. Louis were at natural levels whereas others appeared to be higher and linked to air pollution sources. These relationships and others in this study may lead to criteria for distinguishing between pollutants and natural background in urban aerosols.
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