| 1. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(author)
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Resenär - inte turist!
- 2002
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In: Resenär - inte turist!: Om ungdomar, resor och drömmar. - 0283-2976. ; årsbok 2003, s. 26-42
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Simon, 1980-
(author)
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Skälig misstanke
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This doctoral dissertation studies the legal standard of proof called reasonable suspicion (skälig misstanke). This standard is central for criminal investigations as the majority of state criminal procedural actions (tvångsmedel) are tied to it, as well as the majority of a suspect’s rights. Despite the central role played by this standard, it has not to any significant extent been researched previously. What the standard entails cannot be seen from either the law or legislative history, and there are no published cases discussing it. As the meaning of the standard is not clear, there is much room for discretion in assessments as to whether the standard has been met. There consequently is a need to clarify what reasonable suspicion entails. What is required to fulfill the standard? How is reasonable suspicion to be assessed? These questions are answered in this dissertation.My investigation demonstrates that reasonable suspicion is a three-pronged standard:A requirement of preponderance of the evidenceReasonable suspicion entails a requirement of a preponderance of the evidence (sannolikhetsövervikt). This means, somewhat simplified, that it should be more probable that the suspect is guilty than innocent. The hypothesis underlying the reasonable suspicion of alleged guilt (gärningshypotesen) should be more probable than all other plausible hypotheses combined.A requirement of individualizationThe evidence must be sufficiently individualized in order to reach the level of reasonable suspicion. The requirement of individualization is in place to prevent that persons are suspected on the basis of group membership. The same is true with respect to persons belonging to groups where the probability of crime is generally high. In such situations, there must be a concrete circumstance pointing to just that person committing a certain crime. It can be, however, circumstances having very low evidentiary value. Group membership can still be of significance with respect to the suspect, but reasonable suspicion cannot be solely based on group membership. A generally applicable concept as to that distinguishing the general from the individual cannot however be articulated. All evidentiary evaluations are in some form based on generalizations. Consequently, the issue of whether the evidence is sufficiently individualized must be assessed from case to case. The main premise is that suspicion cannot be solely based on group belonging. This is a legal-political requirement. Legal-political aspects consequently must also be taken into consideration when evaluating evidence.A requirement of robustnessEven in cases where the evidence is evaluated so that a preponderance of the evidence exists and is sufficiently individualized, the evidence still needs to be sufficiently robust. Robustness is a measure of whether good grounds exist for the conclusion. It is not a question of how ”strong” the evidence is, but rather how thoroughly the situation has been investigated. Somewhat simplified, it is a question of ”how much” evidence exists rather than the strength of the individual pieces of evidence. This requirement of robustness varies depending upon time in that it is very low at the commencement of an investigation, but as time goes by, higher requirements are placed as to the ”completeness” of the investigation.
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| 3. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Coal tar-containing asphalt : Resource or hazardous waste?
- 2007
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In: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 11:4, s. 99-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coal tar was used in Sweden for the production of asphalt and for the drenching of stabilization gravel until 1973. The tar has high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which may be strongly carcinogenic. Approximately 20 million tonnes of tar-containing asphalt is present in the public roads in Sweden. Used asphalt from rebuilding can be classified as hazardous waste according to the Swedish Waste Act. The cost of treating the material removed as hazardous waste can be very high due to the large amount that has to be treated, and the total environmental benefit is unclear. The transport of used asphalt to landfill or combustion will affect other environmental targets. The present project, based on three case studies of road projects in Sweden, evaluates the consequences of four scenarios for handling the material: reuse, landfill, biological treatment, and incineration. The results show that reuse of the coal tar-containing materials in new road construction is the most favorable alternative in terms of cost, material use, land use, energy consumption, and air emissions.
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| 4. |
- Bombarda, F., et al.
(author)
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Runaway electron beam control
- 2019
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 61:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Bringert, Björn, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Student Paper: HaskellDB Improved
- 2004
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In: Haskell '04: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Haskell. - 1581138504 ; , s. 108-115
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an improved version of the HaskellDB database library. The original version relied on TRex, a Haskell extension supported only by the Hugs interpreter. We have replaced the use of TRex by a record implementation which uses more commonly implemented Haskell extensions. Additionally, HaskellDB now supports two different cross-platform database backends. Other changes include database creation functionality, bounded string support, performance enhancements, fixes to the optimisation logic, transaction support and more fine grained expression types.
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| 6. |
- Gårdebjer, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(author)
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The impact of interfaces in laminated packaging on transport of carboxylic acids
- 2016
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In: Journal of Membrane Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-7388 .- 1873-3123. ; 518, s. 305-312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The permeability of oleic and acetic acid through low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) have been measured using diffusion cells. In addition, the permeability through combinations of LDPE and EAA in the form of laminates with different numbers of layers has been determined. Oleic acid shows an almost 30 times higher permeability compared to acetic acid, which was partly explained by the adsorption of oleic acid to the film surface during the permeability experiment. In addition, the permeability is lower for both oleic and acetic acid in the laminates compared to the pure films. The decreased permeability can be explained by the presence of crystalline domains close to the interface. This is supported by SAXS data which suggests an ordering of polymer chains in the EAA film close to the interface. In summary, the results show that it is possible to create barrier materials with decreased permeability, which is interesting for example in the packaging industry.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Underwater noise from fairways – policies, incentives and measures to reduce the environmental impact
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Undervattensbuller och dess negativa inverkan på det marina livet är ett växande miljöproblem där den vetenskapliga kunskapen ökar men effektiva åtgärder saknas.Denna rapport är resultatet av en gemensam insats av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och Sjöfartsverket som adresserar denna utmaning. Motiverade av miljöhänsyn och kommande EU-lagstiftning är vår vision att Sverige ska bli det första landet som genomför nationella incitament för att minska undervattensbuller. De tekniska aspekterna av fartygsbuller under vatten är relativt välkända. I marschfart är kavitation vid propellern vanligtvis den dominerande källan till undervattensbuller, men detta gäller inte för alla fartyg. Standardiserade mätmetoder finns men är kostsamma att genomföra.Prediktionsmodeller är användbara för bullerkartläggning och uppskattningar över en hel flotta, men inte tillräckligt exakta för enskilda fartyg. Miljöpåverkan av undervattensbuller från fartyg har fått ökad vetenskaplig uppmärksamhet de senaste åren. Många studier har gjorts men dos-respons samband och trösklar för olika effekter är i stort sett okända. Beteendeeffekter, inklusive flyktreaktioner, svårigheter att undvika rovdjur och maskering av viktig kommunikation, har observerats hos ett stort antal arter vid exponering för fartygsbuller.Det finns inga nationella eller internationella bindande regler för undervattensbuller från fartyg. FN:s internationella sjöfartsorgan IMO håller för närvarande på att uppdatera sina frivilliga riktlinjer om fartygsbuller under vatten. EU inför lagstiftning om tillåtna nivåer av undervattensbuller från fartyg i miljön, som förväntas träda i kraft i medlemsländerna inom några år.Tekniska metoder för att minska undervattensbuller är kända men inte vetenskapligt validerade. Hastighetssänkningar kan minska undervattensbuller men kan medföra ökade driftskostnader för fartygsägarna. Intressenter inom reduktion av fartygs undervattensbuller finns hos fartygsägare, fartygsdesigners och teknikindustri, forskningsorgan och myndigheter.Genom intervjuer och workshops har ett nätverk av relevanta intressenter i Sverige etablerats. En intressentanalys visar att det finns ett behov av mer kunskap om fartygs undervattensbuller och dess miljöpåverkan samt dess begränsning. Farledsutformning för minskad transmission av undervattensbuller till miljön undersöks genom långtidsmätningar vid olika delar av farleden som leder till Västerås i Mälaren. Varken djup eller gir kunde påvisas ha någon effekt på det utstrålade bruset.Ett mer detaljerat försök skulle krävas för att klargöra om farledsdesign är ett genomförbart alternativ för bullerdämpning. Sex olika sätt att utforma ett ekonomiskt incitament för att minska fartygs undervattensbuller beskrivs. Det är möjligt att belöna hastighetssänkningar eller tekniska åtgärder för bullerdämpning, men det är inte utrett hur effektivt detta skulle vara.Ett incitament kan baseras på en tyst fartygsnotation från ett klassificeringssällskap, men dessa utfärdas relativt sällan. En bullerutredning kan utföras, men det kan vara svårt att identifiera de mest relevanta åtgärderna utan mätning av undervattensbuller.Skräddarsydda mätstationer vid eller nära hamninlopp kan vara ett kostnadseffektivt sätt att samla in mätdata, men noggrannheten i sådana opportunistiska mätningar skulle behöva förbättras om data ska kunna användas för ett ekonomiskt incitament.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lizárraga, Raquel, et al.
(author)
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Crystal and magnetic structure investigation of TbNi5-xCux (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) : Experiment and theory
- 2006
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 74:9, s. 094419-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of Cu substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of TbNi5-xCux (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, magnetization measurements and neutron powder and single crystal diffraction. The electronic and the magnetic structures of TbNi5 were studied using first principles theory. All samples were found to have the CaCu5-type structure, space group P6/mmm. The lattice parameters increase monotonically with increasing Cu concentration. The Curie temperature T-c has a maximum value of 29 K at x=1.0. The magnetic structure of TbNi5 at 10 K is incommensurate with a helimagnetic component [wave vector q similar to 2 pi/c(0,0,0.02)] perpendicular to a ferromagnetic one. In contrast, the substituted TbNi5-xCux alloy is ferromagnetic. All magnetic moments are observed to be located on the Tb atoms. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the ab plane is observed to be strongly increased by the Cu substitution, whereas the magnetization decreases with the Cu concentration. The observed magnetic structure of TbNi5 is consistent with first principles calculations regarding both the magnetic moments and the helimagnetic structure. The microscopical origin of the helimagnet is analyzed and correlated to the Fermi surface topology.
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