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- Cossa, Damboia, et al.
(author)
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Drones and machine-learning for monitoring dugong feeding grounds and gillnet fishing
- 2023
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In: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 716, s. 123-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fishing provides an important food source for humans, but it also poses a threat to many marine ecosystems and species. Declines in wildlife populations due to fishing activities can remain undetected without effective monitoring methods that guide appropriate management actions. In this study, we combined the use of unmanned aerial vehicle-based imaging (drones) with machine-learning to develop a monitoring method for identifying hotspots of dugong foraging based on their feeding trails and associated seagrass beds. We surveyed dugong hotspots to evaluate the influence of gillnet fishing activities on dugong feeding grounds (Saco East and Saco West) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique. The results showed that drones and machine-learning can accurately identify and monitor dugong feeding trails and seagrass beds, with an F1 accuracy of 80 and 93.3%, respectively. Feeding trails were observed in all surveyed months, with the highest density occurring in August (6040 ± 4678 trails km−2). There was a clear overlap of dugong foraging areas and gillnet fishing grounds, with a statistically significant positive correlation between fishing areas and the frequency of dugong feeding trails. Dugongs were found to feed mostly in Saco East, where the number of gillnet stakes was 3.7 times lower and the area covered by gillnets was 2.6 times lower than in Saco West. This study highlights the clear potential of drones and machine-learning to study and monitor animal behaviour in the wild, particularly in hotspots and remote areas. We encourage the establishment of effective management strategies to monitor and control the use of gillnets, thereby avoiding the accidental bycatch of dugongs.
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- Glans, Erik
(author)
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The effect of changes in the replacement rate on partial retirement in Sweden
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Knowledge about how elderly workers react to changes in pension benefits is important in guiding the design of social security systems. This paper contributes to this knowledge by examining the effect of changed replacement rates on part-time retirement behaviour in Sweden. During the 1980s, older workers had the option of partial retirement with an income replacement of 65 percent. The replacement rate was lowered to 50 percent in 1981 and subsequently increased back to 65 percent in 1987. Estimates using a linear probability model with register data from the LINDA database suggest that fewer men and women chose part-time retirement after the reduction in benefit levels in 1981. There was an approximate 4 percentage point drop in the partial retirement propensity among eligible 60-year old men, and a 5.7 percent drop among women. This corresponds to proportional reductions in the retirement propensity by about 29 and 36 percent respectively. The probability of part-time retirement increased among men by about 3.5 percentage points once benefit levels were increased again, whereas the partial retirement probability of women remained largely unchanged.
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- Orlenius, Kennert
(author)
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Värdegrunden : finns den?
- 2001
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Boken behandlar värdefrågor i skolarbetet, inkluderat frågor om värdeförskjutningar i samhälle och skola och frågor om lärares yrkesetik, demokrati och människosyn.
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- Wannberg, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Microwave-Enhanced and Metal-Catalyzed Functionalizations of the 4-Aryl-Dihydropyrimidone Template
- 2005
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In: Journal of combinatorial chemistry. - 1520-4766 .- 1520-4774. ; 7:4, s. 574-583
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Progress in organometallic catalysis and recent advancements in the development of carbonylative reaction protocols without direct use of carbon monoxide have been utilized for efficient functionalizations of 4-aryl-dihydropyrimidone structures. The use of modern microwave technology enabled both high reaction rates and convenient handling. Examples of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings, Heck reactions, amino- and alkoxycarbonylations, and direct N-amidations of 4-(bromophenyl)-dihydropyrimidones were performed. Further, the first N3-arylations of the dihydropyrimidone ring system were successfully completed using the copper-catalyzed Goldberg reaction. Altogether, these protocols provide new tools for rapid generation of novel and diverse dihydropyrimidone derivatives.
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