| 1. |
- Ademark, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Cloning and characterisation of Aspergillus niger genes encoding an alpha-galactosidase and a beta-mannosidase involved in galactomannan degradation
- 2001
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In: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956. ; 268:10, s. 2982-2990
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- α-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) and β-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) participate in the hydrolysis of complex plant saccharides such as galacto(gluco)mannans. Here we report on the cloning and characterization of genes encoding an α-galactosidase (AglC) and a β-mannosidase (MndA) from Aspergillus niger. The aglC and mndA genes code for 747 and 931 amino acids, respectively, including the eukaryotic signal sequences. The predicted isoelectric points of AglC and MndA are 4.56 and 5.17, and the calculated molecular masses are 79.674 and 102.335 kDa, respectively. Both AglC and MndA contain several putative N-glycosylation sites. AglC was assigned to family 36 of the glycosyl hydrolases and MndA was assigned to family 2. The expression patterns of aglC and mndA and two other genes encoding A. nigerα-galactosidases (aglA and aglB) during cultivation on galactomannan were studied by Northern analysis. A comparison of gene expression on monosaccharides in the A. niger wild-type and a CreA mutant strain showed that the carbon catabolite repressor protein CreA has a strong influence on aglA, but not on aglB, aglC or mndA. AglC and MndA were purified from constructed overexpression strains of A. niger, and the combined action of these enzymes degraded a galactomanno-oligosaccharide into galactose and mannose. The possible roles of AglC and MndA in galactomannan hydrolysis is discussed.
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| 2. |
- Kanje, Sara, 1986-
(author)
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Engineering of small IgG binding domains for antibody labelling and purification
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In protein engineering, rational design and selection from combinatorial libraries are methods used to develop proteins with new or improved features. A very important protein for the biological sciences is the antibody that is used as a detecting agent in numerous laboratory assays. Antibodies used for these purposes are often ”man-made”, by immunising animals with the desired target, or by selections from combinatorial libraries. Naturally, antibodies are part of the immune defence protecting us from foreign attacks from e.g. bacteria or viruses. Some bacteria have evolved surface proteins that can bind to proteins abundant in the blood, like antibodies and serum albumin. By doing so, the bacteria can cover themselves in the host’s own proteins and through that evade being detected by the immune system. Two such proteins are Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and Protein G from group C and G Streptococci. Both these proteins contain domains that bind to antibodies, one of which is denoted C2 (from Protein G) and another B (from Protein A). The B domain have been further engineered to the Z domain.In this thesis protein engineering has been used to develop variants of the C2 and Z domains for site-specific labelling of antibodies and for antibody purification with mild elution. By taking advantage of the domains’ inherent affinity for antibodies, engineering and design of certain amino acids or protein motifs of the domains have resulted in proteins with new properties. A photo crosslinking amino acid, p-benzoylphenylalanine, have been introduced at different positions to the C2 domain, rendering three new protein domains that can be used for site-specific labelling of antibodies at the Fc or Fab fragment. These domains were used for labelling antibodies with lanthanides and used for detection in a multiplex immunoassay. Moreover, a library of calcium-binding loops was grafted onto the Z domain and used for selection of a domain that binds antibodies in a calcium dependent manner. This engineered protein domain can be used for the purification of antibodies using milder elution conditions, by calcium removal, as compared to traditional antibody purification.
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| 3. |
- Bousiou, Alexandra
(author)
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Solidarity and Contestation: Local Refugee Reception Practices at the South-Eastern EU Border Islands
- 2024
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In: Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-2948 .- 1556-2956. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article offers an analysis of how various actors engaged in and reacted to refugee reception practices in a multi-level governance setting at the main island entry points to the European Union (EU) from the south-east. Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Kos and Leros received almost one million people out of the 1,6 million which arrived in the EU in 2015 and 2016. In the humanitarian emergency, which followed the increased arrivals, the local administration and the local community took important initiatives to fill the gaps of the European and the national responses while also opposing the EU policies which degraded the human dignity of refugees. Drawing on rich qualitative material I demonstrate how solidarity and contestation derive from a complex local reality. The findings of the article point to the consequences of the multilevel governance structure of asylum for actors' interactions or lack of interaction on the ground of the border islands.
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| 4. |
- Fernström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Polycystisk njursjukdom (ADPKD)
- 2015
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Polycystisk njursjukdom (ADPKD) innebär att man i njurarna bildar ett fåtal till hundratals cystor i njurarna som slår ut den normala njurfunktionen och ökar buktrycket.Orsakas av mutationer på PKD-1 och PKD-2-generna.Ärvs autosomalt dominant.Vanliga symtom är:- Tryckkänsla/smärta i buken- Njursten- Nedsatt urinkoncentrationsförmåga- Hypertoni- UVI- Hematuri- Uremiska symtomKan ge manifestationer extrarenalt- Levercystor- Pankreascystor- Intracerebrala aneurysm- Klaffvitium- Divertikulos- BukväggsbråckDiagnos sätts antingen på förekomst av cystor och ärftlighet för ADPKD eller enbart på förekomst av cystor (dock krävs då fler cystor).Botande behandling annan än transplantation saknas.Symtomlindrande behandling syftar till att minska mortalitet och morbiditet på grund av sjunkande njurfunktion.Transplantation är indicerat om patienten är uremisk.Nya behandlingar är under utveckling.
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| 5. |
- Graham, Alastair G.C., et al.
(author)
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Rapid retreat of Thwaites Glacier in the pre-satellite era
- 2022
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In: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 15, s. 706-713
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the recent history of Thwaites Glacier, and the processes controlling its ongoing retreat, is key to projecting Antarctic contributions to future sea-level rise. Of particular concern is how the glacier grounding zone might evolve over coming decades where it is stabilized by sea-floor bathymetric highs. Here we use geophysical data from an autonomous underwater vehicle deployed at the Thwaites Glacier ice front, to document the ocean-floor imprint of past retreat from a sea-bed promontory. We show patterns of back-stepping sedimentary ridges formed daily by a mechanism of tidal lifting and settling at the grounding line at a time when Thwaites Glacier was more advanced than it is today. Over a duration of 5.5 months, Thwaites grounding zone retreated at a rate of >2.1 km per year—twice the rate observed by satellite at the fastest retreating part of the grounding zone between 2011 and 2019. Our results suggest that sustained pulses of rapid retreat have occurred at Thwaites Glacier in the past two centuries. Similar rapid retreat pulses are likely to occur in the near future when the grounding zone migrates back off stabilizing high points on the sea floor.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Överland, Simon, et al.
(author)
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Snus use and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population: the HUNT3 study.
- 2013
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In: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 108:11, s. 2019-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Snus, a form of smokeless tobacco, is increasingly popular in its traditional Nordic markets, and was recently launched commercially in the United States. We examined the cross-sectional associations between snus use and cardiovascular risk factors, and compared them with the corresponding associations of smoking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The HUNT3 general population survey, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway (2006-08). PARTICIPANTS: A general population sample of n=25163. MEASUREMENTS: Measured triglyceride,- glucose- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, blood pressure and waist circumference, registry information on gender, age and education level, self-reported snus use, smoking, physical exercise and alcohol use. FINDINGS: In age- and gender-adjusted linear regression analyses, extensive snus use was associated with larger waist circumference (b=1.65, 95% CI=0.86, 2.43) and higher systolic blood pressure (b=2.58, 95% CI=1.48, 3.68), but with higher rather than lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (b=1.66, 95% CI=0.79, 2.53). These three differences remained significant after additional adjustment for smoking, education level, physical exercise and alcohol use. Smokers had higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol than snus users, but lower systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting statistically for major confounding variables, Norwegians who use snus extensively have a mixed profile in terms of cardiovascular risk: slightly higher waist circumference and systolic blood pressure but also higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
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| 8. |
- Abelson, Anna-Karin, 1978-
(author)
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Genetic Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : From Candidate Genes to Functional Variants
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis has been to identify genetic variants that increase the susceptibility for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease caused by a complex interplay between various genetic and environmental factors. Five different candidate genes were selected through different strategies, and were analysed for association with SLE in an attempt to distinguish some of the underlying mechanisms of this disease. Two of these genes, PD-L1 and PD-L2, appeared not to contain any major risk factors for SLE in the analysed European and Latin American populations. In two other genes, CD24 and STAT4, there appeared to be population-specific effects. The A57V amino acid substitution in the CD24 gene, previously implicated with multiple sclerosis, was associated in a Spanish cohort, with a weak trend in German samples, and no association in Swedish. The previously reported and highly convincing association of the STAT4 transcription factor gene was confirmed in all our cohorts. Interestingly, the results indicate the presence of at least two independent risk variants: the first, represented by a previously reported SNP, was the strongest in individuals of Northern European ancestry, and the second was more pronounced in individuals from Southern Europe and Latin America. We also report the identification of a novel susceptibility gene. The BANK1 gene, encoding a scaffold protein involved in B-cell activation, contains functional variants affecting important domains, which are associated in all investigated cohorts from Europe and Latin America. These results confirm the existence of replicable associations between genetic variants and SLE, which are common and present in many populations. The results also illustrate a certain degree of heterogeneity, where some risk factors could have variable effect in different populations.
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| 9. |
- Bhandage, Amol K., 1988-, et al.
(author)
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AMPA, NMDA and kainate glutamate receptor subunits are expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) where the expression of GluK4 is altered by pregnancy and GluN2D by depression in pregnant women
- 2017
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In: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5728 .- 1872-8421. ; 305, s. 51-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The amino acid glutamate opens cation permeable ion channels, the iGlu receptors. These ion channels are abundantly expressed in the mammalian brain where glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters and their receptors are being increasingly detected in the cells of immune system. Here we examined the expression of the 18 known subunits of the iGlu receptors families; alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and delta in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We compared the expression of the subunits between four groups: men, non-pregnant women, healthy pregnant women and depressed pregnant women.Out of 18 subunits of the iGlu receptors, mRNAs for 11 subunits were detected in PBMCs from men and nonpregnant women; AMPA: GluA3, GluA4, kainate: GluK2, GluK4, GluK5, NMDA: GluN1, GluN2C, GluN2D, GluN3A, GluN3B, and delta: GluD1. In the healthy and the depressed pregnant women, in addition, the delta GluD2 subunit was identified. The mRNAs for GluK4, GluK5, GluN2C and GluN2D were expressed at a higher level than other subunits. Gender, pregnancy or depression during pregnancy altered the expression of GluA3, GluK4, GluN2D, GluN3B and GluD1 iGlu subunit mRNAs. The greatest changes recorded were the lower GluA3 and GluK4 mRNA levels in pregnant women and the higher GluN2D mRNA level in healthy but not in depressed pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant individuals. Using subunit specific antibodies, the GluK4, GluK5, GluNl, GluN2C and GluN2D subunit proteins were identified in the PBMCs. The results show expression of specific iGlu receptor subunit in the PBMCs and support the idea of physiology-driven changes of iGlu receptors subtypes in the immune cells.
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| 10. |
- Greatrex, Roger, et al.
(author)
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Layers of Deception: Counterfeiting Cases in the Mid-Qing
- 2008
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In: Metals, Monies, and Markets in Early Modern Societies: East Asian and Global Perspectives. ; Monies, Markets and Finance in China and East Asia 1, s. 309-331
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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