| 1. |
- Kelly, Melissa, et al.
(author)
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Between Opportunity and Constraint : Understanding the Onward Migration of Highly Educated Iranian Refugees from Sweden
- 2016
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In: Journal of International Migration and Integration. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1488-3473 .- 1874-6365. ; 17:3, s. 649-667
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the 1980s and early 1990s, more than 50,000 Iranian refugees moved to Sweden. The Swedish state attended to their immediate needs, providing housing, language training, and other types of support. Moreover, these migrants had almost immediate access to all the benefits of the Swedish welfare state including affordable healthcare, unemployment insurance, and free education up to and including the tertiary level. Despite the opportunities available to them in Sweden, many Iranian refugees have faced challenges, especially when trying to secure meaningful work. One of the strategies they have used to overcome barriers to entering the labor market is to leave Sweden for onward destinations which are seen as having relatively more to offer. This study explores the onward migration of Iranians from Sweden by way of a two-step mixed methods approach: in the first step, population register data is used to determine how onward migrants differ from those Iranians who stay in Sweden. In the second step, information from life history interviews conducted with onward migrants in London and Toronto is used to understand what motivates individuals to leave Sweden. Overall, the study finds that highly educated Iranians who have struggled to find employment in Sweden are the most likely to move on. Their precise motivations for doing so, however, are nuanced and complex and relate to more than just economic factors.
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| 2. |
- Van Dyke Parunak, H., et al.
(author)
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E pluribus unum : Polyagent and delegate as architectures
- 2008
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In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. ; 5003, s. 36-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the past few years, our research groups have independently been developing systems in which a multi-agent system (typically of lightweight agents) provides some functionality in service of a higher-level system, and often of a higher-level agent in that system. This paper compares our approaches to develop a more generic architecture of which our individual approaches are special cases. We summarize our existing systems, describe this architecture and the characteristics of problems for which it is attractive, and outline an agenda for further research in this area.
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| 3. |
- van Eck, C. F., et al.
(author)
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"Anatomic" anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of surgical techniques and reporting of surgical data
- 2010
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In: Arthroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-3231. ; 26:9 Suppl
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate studies published on anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed by use of the Medline and Embase databases. Studies that were published from January 1995 to April 2009 were included. The selection criteria were studies that reported on a surgical technique for "anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction" on skeletally mature living human subjects and were written in English. Data collected and analyzed included a variety of surgical data. Tables were created to provide an overview of surgical techniques for anatomic ACL reconstruction. RESULTS: Seventy-four studies were included in this review. Some surgical factors were adequately reported in the majority of the articles: visualizing the native ACL insertion sites, placing the tunnels in the footprint, graft type, and fixation method. However; ACL insertion site measurement, femoral intercondylar notch measurement, individualization of surgery, and intraoperative/postoperative imaging were poorly reported. The most variety was seen in knee flexion angle during femoral tunnel drilling and tensioning pattern of the grafts. CONCLUSIONS: For most surgical data, there was a gross under-reporting of specific operative technique data. We believe that the details of an "anatomic" operative technique are crucial for the valid interpretations of the outcomes. Thus we encourage authors to report their surgical technique in a specific and standardized fashion.
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