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- Klintman, Mikael
(author)
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Knowledge Resistance : How We Avoid Insight from Others
- 2019
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Why do people and groups ignore, deny and resist knowledge about society's many problems? In a world of 'alternative facts', 'fake news' that some believe could be remedied by 'factfulness', the question has never been more pressing. After years of ideologically polarised debates on this topic, the book seeks to further advance our understanding of the phenomenon of knowledge resistance by integrating insights from the social, economic and evolutionary sciences. It identifies simplistic views in public and scholarly debates about what facts, knowledge and human motivations are and what 'rational' use of information actually means. The examples used include controversies about nature-nurture, climate change, gender roles, vaccination, genetically modified food and artificial intelligence. Drawing on cutting-edge scholarship as well as personal experiences of culture clashes, the book is aimed at the general, educated public as well as students and scholars interested in the interface of human motivation and the urgent social problems of today.
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| 4. |
- Klintman, Mikael
(author)
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Knowledge Resistance
- 2024
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In: Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Sociology. - 9781803921037 ; , s. 393-399
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Knowledge resistance can be defined as the state where we are “almost immune to evidence, or experiences of others” (Klintman 2022:323). The phenomenon, often described using related terms, remains highly relevant to understanding the challenges and opportunities of agreeing on the existence, severity, causes and solutions to environmental problems. The concept of knowledge resistance is related to, but also differs from, some other terms. The first is “scepticism” towards knowledge claims that challenge one’s view of reality. Properly used, scepticism is actually the opposite of knowledge resistance. To be sceptical is to demand supporting evidence and sufficiently good arguments before accepting, for example, that the climate changes at a specific rate or that the current species extinction rate is accelerating. Sceptics abandon their old view of knowledge when exposed to a quantity and quality of evidence and arguments that outweigh evidence and support their previous idea (Gigerenzer and Hoffrage 1999; Shermer 2007). When we are knowledge resistant, on the other hand, no amount of evidence or argument will be substantial enough for us to endorse the scientifically based claims about climate change or species extinction. We keep saying, “It’s not yet fully proven”. But since knowledge claims can never be proven with absolute certainty – only with probability – we can never be satisfied with counter-arguments when knowledge resistant. Knowledge resistance is a key concept that works as an umbrella term. It covers – wholly or in part – words such as “denial”, “dismissal”, “fact resistance” and “strategic ignorance”. “Denial” is completely ignoring or refusing to take in evidence or arguments that point to, for example, climate change being real and caused by humans. “Dismissal”, in contrast, is to consider and possibly show interest in such evidence or arguments only to conclude that they are insufficient (Rayner 2012). (Contin.)
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| 5. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(author)
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The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey
- 2021
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 253:31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg2, as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg2. We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic test bed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time domain cosmology.
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| 6. |
- Campbell, L, et al.
(author)
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Interference between extrinsic and intrinsic losses in x-ray absorption fine structure
- 2002
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In: Physical Review B. - 1550-235X. ; 65:6, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interference between extrinsic and intrinsic losses in x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is treated within a Green's-function formalism, without explicit reference to final states. The approach makes use of a quasiboson representation of excitations and perturbation theory in the interaction potential between electrons and quasibosons. These losses lead to an asymmetric broadening of the main quasiparticle peak plus an energy-dependent satellite in the spectral function. The x-ray absorption spectra (XAS) is then given by a convolution of an effective spectral function over a one-electron cross section. It is shown that extrinsic and intrinsic losses tend to cancel near excitation thresholds, and correspondingly, the strength in the main peak increases. At high energies, the theory crosses over to the sudden approximation. These results thus explain the observed weakness of multielectron excitations in XAS. The approach is applied to estimate the many-body corrections to XAFS, beyond the usual mean-free path, using a phasor summation over the spectral function. The asymmetry of the spectral function gives rise to an additional many-body phase shift in the XAFS formula.
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| 9. |
- Hudson, Jean, et al.
(author)
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Bedömning av studenternas prestationer
- 2006
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In: Kvalitetsarbete på Malmö högskola då och nu - med sikte på framtiden. - : Malmö högskola. ; , s. 63-87
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Yuan, Ximing, et al.
(author)
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Elevated Hepcidin Expression in Human Carotid Atheroma: Sex-Specific Differences and Associations with Plaque Vulnerability
- 2024
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 25:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hepcidin is upregulated by increased body iron stores and inflammatory cytokines. It is associated with cardiovascular events, arterial stiffness, and increased iron accumulation in human atheroma with hemorrhage. However, it is unknown whether the expression of hepcidin in human carotid plaques is related to plaque severity and whether hepcidin expression differs between men and women. Carotid samples from 58 patients (38 males and 20 females) were immunostained with hepcidin, macrophages, ferritin, and transferrin receptor. Immunocytochemistry of hepcidin was performed on THP-1 macrophages exposed to iron or 7betahydroxycholesterol. Hepcidin expression significantly increases with the progression of human atherosclerotic plaques. Plaques of male patients have significantly higher levels of hepcidin. Expressions of hepcidin are significantly correlated with the accumulation of CD68-positive macrophages and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and apoptosis. In vitro, hepcidin is significantly increased in macrophages exposed to iron and moderately increased following 7-oxysterol treatment. In the cultured cells, suppression of hepcidin protected against macrophage cell death, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and oxidative stress. Hepcidin may play a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The differential expression of hepcidin in male and female patients and its significant correlations with plaque severity, highlight the potential of hepcidin as a biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in atherosclerosis.
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