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10. |
- Obers, Niels A., et al.
(author)
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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review
- 2022
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In: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-6410 .- 1873-2224. ; 125
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 “Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach”, is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.
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11. |
- Caesar, C., et al.
(author)
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Beyond the neutron drip line: The unbound oxygen isotopes O-25 and O-26
- 2013
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 88:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The very neutron-rich oxygen isotopes O-25 and O-26 are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The unbound states are populated in an experiment performed at the R3B-LAND setup at GSI via proton-knockout reactions from F-26 and F-27 at relativistic energies around 442 and 414 MeV/nucleon, respectively. From the kinematically complete measurement of the decay into O-24 plus one or two neutrons, the O-25 ground-state energy and width are determined, and upper limits for the O-26 ground-state energy and lifetime are extracted. In addition, the results provide indications for an excited state in O-26 at around 4 MeV. The experimental findings are compared to theoretical shell-model calculations based on chiral two- and three-nucleon (3N) forces, including for the first time residual 3N forces, which are shown to be amplified as valence neutrons are added.
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13. |
- Altstadt, S.G., et al.
(author)
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B-13,B-14(n,gamma) via Coulomb Dissociation for Nucleosynthesis towards the r-Process
- 2014
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In: Nuclear Data Sheets. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9904 .- 0090-3752. ; 120, s. 197-200
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radioactive beams of 14,15B produced by fragmentation of a primary 40Ar beam were directed onto a Pb target to investigate the neutron breakup within the Coulomb field. The experiment was performed at the LAND/R3B setup. Preliminary results for the Coulomb dissociation cross sections as well as for the astrophysically interesting inverse reactions, 13,14B(n,γ), are presented.
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14. |
- Heine, M., et al.
(author)
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Determination of the neutron-capture rate of C-17 for r-process nucleosynthesis
- 2017
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In: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 95:1, s. Article no 014613 -
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the (RB)-B-3-LAND setup at GSI we have measured exclusive relative-energy spectra of the Coulomb dissociation of C-18 at a projectile energy around 425A MeV on a lead target, which are needed to determine the radiative neutron-capture cross sections of C-17 into the ground state of C-18. Those data have been used to constrain theoretical calculations for transitions populating excited states in C-18. This allowed to derive the astrophysical cross section sigma(n gamma)*. accounting for the thermal population of C-17 target states in astrophysical scenarios. The experimentally verified capture rate is significantly lower than those of previously obtained Hauser-Feshbach estimations at temperatures T-9
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15. |
- Röder, M., et al.
(author)
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Coulomb dissociation of 20,21 N
- 2016
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 93:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutron-rich light nuclei and their reactions play an important role in the creation of chemical elements. Here, data from a Coulomb dissociation experiment on N20,21 are reported. Relativistic N20,21 ions impinged on a lead target and the Coulomb dissociation cross section was determined in a kinematically complete experiment. Using the detailed balance theorem, the N19(n,γ)N20 and N20(n,γ)N21 excitation functions and thermonuclear reaction rates have been determined. The N19(n,γ)N20 rate is up to a factor of 5 higher at T
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16. |
- Thies, Ronja, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Systematic investigation of projectile fragmentation using beams of unstable B and C isotopes
- 2016
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 93:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Models describing nuclear fragmentation and fragmentation fission deliver important input for planning nuclear physics experiments and future radioactive ion beam facilities. These models are usually benchmarked against data from stable beam experiments. In the future, two-step fragmentation reactions with exotic nuclei as stepping stones are a promising tool for reaching the most neutron-rich nuclei, creating a need for models to describe also these reactions. Purpose: We want to extend the presently available data on fragmentation reactions towards the light exotic region on the nuclear chart. Furthermore, we want to improve the understanding of projectile fragmentation especially for unstable isotopes. Method: We have measured projectile fragments from C10,12-18 and B10-15 isotopes colliding with a carbon target. These measurements were all performed within one experiment, which gives rise to a very consistent data set. We compare our data to model calculations. Results: One-proton removal cross sections with different final neutron numbers (1pxn) for relativistic C10,12-18 and B10-15 isotopes impinging on a carbon target. Comparing model calculations to the data, we find that the epax code is not able to describe the data satisfactorily. Using abrabla07 on the other hand, we find that the average excitation energy per abraded nucleon needs to be decreased from 27 MeV to 8.1 MeV. With that decrease abrabla07 describes the data surprisingly well. Conclusions: Extending the available data towards light unstable nuclei with a consistent set of new data has allowed a systematic investigation of the role of the excitation energy induced in projectile fragmentation. Most striking is the apparent mass dependence of the average excitation energy per abraded nucleon. Nevertheless, this parameter, which has been related to final-state interactions, requires further study.
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17. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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In: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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18. |
- Christenson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Direct electron transfer between ligninolytic redox enzymes and electrodes
- 2004
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In: Electroanalysis. - : Wiley. - 1040-0397 .- 1521-4109. ; 16:13-14, s. 1074-1092
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrochemistry of the ligninolytic redox enzymes, which include lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase and possibly also cellobiose dehydrogenase, is reviewed and discussed in conjunction with their basic biochemical characteristics. It is shown that long-range electron transfer between these enzymes and electrodes can be established and their ability to degrade lignin through a direct electron transfer mechanism is discussed.
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19. |
- Nistor, Catalin, et al.
(author)
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In-field monitoring of cleaning efficiency in waste water treatment plants using two phenol-sensitive biosensors
- 2002
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In: Analytica Chimica Acta. - 1873-4324. ; 456:1, s. 3-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two amperometric biosensors based on the enzymes cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and quinoprotein-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), have been applied for monitoring the phenolic content in water samples, collected at different stages of a waste water treatment process, thus representing different cleaning levels of two waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). The biosensor measurements were performed in-field, compared with the results obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and were further correlated with the cleaning efficiencies of the WWTPs. The effect of several potentially interfering compounds on the sensor response was also studied. The general purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential use of biosensors, not as quantitative tools for phenol analysis, but rather as screening tools indicating a certain trend, i.e. compounds present or not present, and potential correlation with sample toxicity. It was found that the biosensors and LC-MS results were not quantitatively comparable, however, both sensors could follow the decrease of the phenol content from the influent, primary treated and effluent waters. In addition, the correlation between biosensor inhibition and sample toxicity is discussed.
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20. |
- Stoica, L., et al.
(author)
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Membrane-Less Biofuel Cell Based on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase (Anode)/Laccase (Cathode) Wired via Specific Os-Redox Polymers
- 2009
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In: Fuel Cells. - : Wiley. - 1615-6854 .- 1615-6846. ; 9:1, s. 53-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A membrane-free biofuel cell (BFC) is reported based on enzymes wired to graphite electrodes by means of Os-complex modified redox polymers. For the anode cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is used as a biocatalyst whereas for the cathode a laccase was applied. This laccase is a high-potential laccase and hence able to reduce O-2 to H2O at a formal potential higher than +500 mV versus Ag/AgCl. In order to establish efficient electrochemical contact between the enzymes and graphite electrodes electrodeposition polymers containing Os-complex with specifically designed monomer compositions and formal potentials of the coordinatively bound Os-complex were synthesised and used to wire the enzymes to the electrodes. The newly designed CDH/Os-redox polymer anode was characterised at different pH values and optimised with respect to the nature of the polymer and the enzyme-to-polymer ratio. The resulting BFC was evaluated running on beta-lactose as a fuel and air/O-2 as an oxidising agent. The power output, the maximum current density and the electromotor force (E-emf) were found to be affected by the pH value, resulting in a maximum power output of 1.9 mu W cm(-2) reached at pH 4.3, a maximum current density of about 13 mu A cm(-2) at pH 3.5, and the highest E-emf approaching 600 mV at pH 4.0.
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21. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(author)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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22. |
- Wang, Y D, et al.
(author)
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Determination of the stress orientation distribution function using pulsed neutron sources
- 2003
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In: Journal of applied crystallography. - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 36:1, s. 14-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stress orientation distribution function (SODF) was recently introduced as a mean-field representation to describe the grain- orientation dependence of intergranular stress. Pulsed neutron sources are ideally suited for the determination of the SODF since multiple reflections can be measured simultaneously with comparable precision. A method is developed for constructing the SODF from strain pole figures measured with a pulsed neutron source and demonstrated with cold-rolled interstitial-free steel. The experimental results are compared with those measured with a reactor-based constant-wavelength diffractometer. It is shown that access to a large number of reflections on a pulsed neutron source improves the precision of the experimental SODF and facilitates in situ studies of the evolution of the intergranular stress during deformation and annealing.
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- Ananthanarayanan, G., et al.
(author)
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PACMan : Coordinated memory caching for parallel jobs
- 2012
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In: Proceedings of NSDI 2012. - : USENIX Association. ; , s. 267-280
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data-intensive analytics on large clusters is important for modern Internet services. As machines in these clusters have large memories, in-memory caching of inputs is an effective way to speed up these analytics jobs. The key challenge, however, is that these jobs run multiple tasks in parallel and a job is sped up only when inputs of all such parallel tasks are cached. Indeed, a single task whose input is not cached can slow down the entire job. To meet this "all-or-nothing" property, we have built PACMan, a caching service that coordinates access to the distributed caches. This coordination is essential to improve job completion times and cluster efficiency. To this end, we have implemented two cache replacement policies on top of PACMan's coordinated infrastructure fb-LIFE that minimizes average completion time by evicting large incomplete inputs, and LFU-F that maximizes cluster efficiency by evicting less frequently accessed inputs. Evaluations on production workloads from Facebook and Microsoft Bing show that PACMan reduces average completion time of jobs by 56% and 51% (small interactive jobs improve by 77%), and improves efficiency of the cluster by 47% and 54%, respectively.
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- Gesbert, D, et al.
(author)
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Blind multiuser MMSE detector for CDMA signals in ISI channels
- 1999
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In: IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS. - 1089-7798. ; 3:8, s. 233-235
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this letter, a technique is introduced that allows the blind and direct estimation of an optimal, in the minimum mean-squared error sense, linear multiuser receiver for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access signals. We consider the case of an a
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27. |
- Gudmundson, Erik, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Spectral Estimation of Irregularly Sampled Exponentially Decaying Signals with Applications to RF Spectroscopy
- 2010
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In: Journal of magnetic resonance. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-7807 .- 1096-0856. ; 203:1, s. 167-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The problem of estimating the spectral content of exponentially decaying signals from a set of irregularly sampled data is of considerable interest in several applications, for example in various forms of radio frequency spectroscopy. In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric iterative adaptive approach that provides a solution to this estimation problem. As opposed to commonly used methods in the field, the damping coefficient, or linewidth, is explicitly modeled, which allows for an improved estimation performance. Numerical examples using both simulated data and data from NQR experiments illustrate the benefits of the proposed estimator as compared to currently available nonparametric methods.
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29. |
- Li, Jian, et al.
(author)
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Range compression and waveform optimization for MIMO radar : a Cramér-Rao bound based study
- 2008
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In: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 56:1, s. 218-232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar system, unlike standard phased-array radar, can transmit via its antennas multiple probing signals that may be correlated or uncorrelated with each other. This waveform diversity offered by MIMO radar enables superior capabilities compared with a standard phased-array radar. One of the common practices in radar has been range compression. We first address the question of "to compress or not to compress" by considering both the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and the sufficient statistic for parameter estimation. Next, we consider MIMO radar waveform optimization for parameter estimation for the general case of multiple targets in the presence of spatially colored interference and noise. We optimize the probing signal vector of a MIMO radar system by considering several design criteria, including minimizing the trace, determinant, and the largest eigenvalue of the CRB matrix. We also consider waveform optimization by minimizing the CRB of one of the target angles only or one of the target amplitudes only. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches we consider herein.
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33. |
- Roziková, M., et al.
(author)
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Electrolytic conductivity at pure water level final report
- 2020
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In: Metrologia. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 58:1 A
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrolytic conductivity in aqueous solutions is one of the most common electrochemical measurement techniques in industry. Since it is sensitive to the amount content of dissolved ions in a solution, a limiting value for conductivity is a clear and simple quality criterium for the ionic purity of water. The relevant measuring range for pure water applications is roughly between 0.055 μS cm-1 (ultrapure water) and 150 μS cm-1 at 25 °C. For instance, the European, Japanese and United States (USP) Pharmacopoeia have specified the requirements for purified water, highly purified water and water for injection for pharmaceutical use based on conductiv-ity. Sectors that also use conductivity limits for water purity are electrical power production, food industry, electronic industry and analytical laboratories. At low conductivity levels it is not feasible to circulate water samples for comparison measure-ments, since the conductivity value is instable due to inevitable ionic contamination. The main contamination results from carbon dioxide in ambient air that dissolves in water and builds H3O+ and hydrogen carbonate ions. The contribution of these ions to conductivity is around 1 μS cm-1. Hence, it is impossible to provide stable samples having usable uncertainties in the conductivity range of interest. EURAMET 1271, performed in 2013, was the first successful comparison measurement of pure water conductivity. In the meanwhile, more NMIs, the majority of which is situated in Europe, have built measurement capabilities in the pure water range. EURAMRET 1271 covered a measurement range up to 50 μS cm-1, whereas more and more customers request conductivity cell calibration in the range up to 150 μS cm-1. Consequently, this comparison intends to extend the measurement range and to enable more NMIs to get support for potential CMCs. Therefore, this comparison is additionally intended being a supplementary CCQM comparison. A commercial conductivity measurement meter, including a conductivity measurement cell, was used for the comparison in a Round-Robin scheme. The devices were provided by PTB and were sent from one institute to another. Each institute had to measure the conductivity of a reference solution using the conductivity meter. The reference solution could either be pure water or a measurement standard solution that was reasonably stable in the range of interest. In the first scheme, the cell had to be integrated in a closed pure water flow though system to minimize impurification by CO2. An adequate fixture for this setup was provided by PTB. In the second scheme, the cell was immersed into the measurement standard solution under tem-perature-controlled conditions. Essentially, the institutes had to report the conductivity values indicated by the conductivity meter and the conductivity reference value assigned to the water in the flow though system or that of the measurement standard solution, respectively. The co-ordinating institute calculated adjusted cell constants for the cell from the reported values, which were used to calculate linking conductivities, the actual quantities to be finally compared. The results showed good equivalence in all conductivity ranges, with only a few inconsistent values. Adequate comparison reference values are suggested that can serve to calculate robust degrees of equivalences for the participants usable to support respective CMC claims.
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34. |
- Stoica, Leonard, et al.
(author)
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Electrochemical investigation of cellobiose dehydrogenase from new fungal sources on Au electrodes
- 2005
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In: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 20:10, s. 2010-2018
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following previous electrochemical investigations of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), the present investigation reports on the initial screening of the electrochemistry of three new CDHs, two from the white rot basidiomycetes Trametes villosa and Phanerochaete sordida and one from the soft rot ascomycete Myriococcum thermophilum, for their ability to directly exchange electrons with 10 different alkanethiol-modified Au electrodes. Direct electron transfer (DET) between the enzymes and some of the modified Au electrodes was shown, both, in the presence and in the absence of cellobiose. However, the length and the head functionality of the alkanethiols drastically influenced the efficiency of the DET reaction and also influenced the effect of pH on the biocatalyfic/redox currents, suggesting the importance of structural/sequence differences between these CDH enzymes. In this respect, the white rot CDHs exhibit excellent biocatalytic and redox currents, whereas for the soft rot CDH the DET communication is much less efficient. Cyclic voltammograms indicate that the heme domain of the CDHs is the part of the enzymes that most readily exchanges electrons with the electrode. However, for R sordida CDH on 11-mercaptoundecanol or dithiopropionic acid-modified Au electrodes, a second voltammetric wave was noticed suggesting that for some orientations of the enzyme, DET communication with the FAD cofactor can also be obtained. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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35. |
- Stoica, Leonard, et al.
(author)
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Third-generation biosensor for lactose based on newly discovered cellobiose dehydrogenase
- 2006
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In: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 78:2, s. 393-398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper describes the principle and characteristics of a biosensor for lactose based on a third-generation design involving cellobiose dehydrogenase. As resulted from a previous comparative study (submitted manuscript), the novelty of this lactose biosensor is based on highly efficient direct electron transfer between two newly discovered cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDH), from the white rot fungi Trametes villosa and Phanerochaete sordida, and a solid spectrographic graphite electrode. CDH was immobilized on the electrode surface (0.073 cm(2)) by simple physical adsorption, and the CDH-modified electrode was next inserted into a wall-jet amperometric cell connected on-line to a flow injection setup (0.5 mL(.)min(-1)). The P. sordida CDH-based lactose biosensor, proved to be the better one, has a detection limit for lactose of 1 mu M, a sensitivity of 1100 mu A(.)mM(-1.)cm(-2), a response time of 4 s (the time required to obtain the maximum peak current), and a linear range from 1 to 100 mu M lactose (correlation coefficient 0.998). The simplicity of construction and analytical characteristics make this CDH-based lactose biosensor an excellent alternative to previous lactose biosensors reported in the literature or commercially available. The CDH-lactose sensor was used to quantify the content of lactose in pasteurized milk, buttermilk, and low-lactose milk, using the standard addition method. No effects of the samples matrixes were observed. The operational stability of the sensor was tested for 11 h by continuous injection of 100 mu M lactose (290 injections). The final signal of the sensor was maintained at 98% of its initial signal, with a low standard deviation of 1.72 (RSD 2.41%).
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36. |
- Stoica, SC, et al.
(author)
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Double aortic arch masquerading as asthma for thirty years
- 2002
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In: Respiration. - : S. Karger AG. - 0025-7931 .- 1423-0356. ; 69:1, s. 92-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A case of a 30-year-old woman with a double-barrelled aorta misdiagnosed as asthma is presented. The patient was significantly improved after surgical treatment but a degree of airway symptoms persisted. She was further investigated and diagnosed with tracheomalacia. The paediatric experience with managing tracheomalacia is briefly reviewed and recommendations for the treatment of the rare adult cases are made. Our report emphasises the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of aortic arch abnormalities.
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