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- Fornäs, Johan
(author)
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The Mediatization of Third-Time Tools : Culturalizing and Historicizing Temporality
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Communication. - 1932-8036. ; 10, s. 5213-5232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time and media have multiple interfaces as media shape temporalities while changing through history. In three steps, this article explores how cultural time is mediated and how it changes through history. First, Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics is presented as a fruitful way to understand cultural time as "third time," mediating between lived, subjective time and cosmic, objective time. Clocks, calendars, generational successions, archives, and documents are third-time tools linking internal to external time flows and producing text-based intersubjective temporality. Second, Ricoeur's analysis needs to be historicized. After discussing mediatization and its temporal development, the concept of waves is proposed to bridge the concepts of leap and growth. Particular attention is then paid to the latest, digital wave of mediatization. Referring to John Durham Peters and other media historians, some characteristics of this phase of time remediation are listed. Finally, critical, and political aspects are discussed, concluding that, although new technologies may threaten third time, this threat is counteracted by remediation that links digital time back to inherited modes of temporal representation.
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- Lillqvist, Ella, et al.
(author)
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CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE ENVIRONMENTS - AN SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST APPROACH
- 2013
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In: 7th workshop on Interpretative Consumer Research, 11-12 April 2013,Brussels.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, our aim has been to draw from the literature on symbolic interactionism to work toward a more nuanced theoretical perspective on the power dynamics between consumers and companies in online environments, and how the legitimacy of organizations is negotiated in online communities in particular. We argue that Symbolic Interactionism and the particular theoretical perspective that we have set out to build offers a fruitful perspective, for exploring and analyzing various forms of consumer engagement in online environments and the complex and sometimes paradoxical relations of power it may involve. From this perspective social media, and other Internet-based platforms of consumer engagement, are not tools or technologies that contribute to either consumer of corporate power. They are rather new types of digitally mediated social sites where consumers and marketers interact and negotiate situational rules of interaction for both consumers and corporate actors. Power and legitimacy in social media interactions among companies and consumers are not settled, but always in contention and negotiable. The discourses determining the consequences in these media and platforms are, as Foucault (1979; 2008) has observed, always dynamic and in construction. Those who are able to get their definition of the situation accepted, as well as those who set the stage and provide the limits of the interaction through the design of the platforms, those who use discursive power and frame the interaction are the ones who use power. The situational view of legitimacy means, however, that legitimacy cannot be seen as a completely on-off characteristic, a “question of ‘satisficing’ to an acceptable level” (Deephouse and Suchman, 2008, p. 60), but instead, similarly to some other researchers (e.g. Boyd 2001; 2009) as a concept with various possible “degrees”, or the possibility to be legitimate in some context and not in another.
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- Ade, P. A. R., et al.
(author)
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Planck 2015 results XXVI. The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources
- 2016
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 594
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources is a list of discrete objects detected in single-frequency maps from the full duration of the Planck mission and supersedes previous versions. It consists of compact sources, both Galactic and extragalactic, detected over the entire sky. Compact sources detected in the lower frequency channels are assigned to the PCCS2, while at higher frequencies they are assigned to one of two subcatalogues, the PCCS2 or PCCS2E, depending on their location on the sky. The first of these (PCCS2) covers most of the sky and allows the user to produce subsamples at higher reliabilities than the target 80% integral reliability of the catalogue. The second ( PCCS2E) contains sources detected in sky regions where the diffuse emission makes it difficult to quantify the reliability of the detections. Both the PCCS2 and PCCS2E include polarization measurements, in the form of polarized flux densities, or upper limits, and orientation angles for all seven polarization-sensitive Planck channels. The improved data-processing of the full-mission maps and their reduced noise levels allow us to increase the number of objects in the catalogue, improving its completeness for the target 80% reliability as compared with the previous versions, the PCCS and the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).
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- Klintenberg, Patrik
(author)
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More Water, Less Grass? : An assessment of resource degradation and stakeholders’ perceptions of environmental change in Ombuga Grassland, Northern Namibia
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objectives of this thesis are to assess: to what degree have natural resources deteriorated in a grazing area in northern Namibia, how do perceptions of environmental change held by local stakeholders there, correspond to scientific assessments, and how do these relate to national estimates? Analysis of the process of developing national indicators for monitoring of land degradation concluded that specific indicators should be developed on national level, and in some instances even on local level as there are no universal causes of land degradation. According to farmers overgrazing and low rainfall since the early 1990s cause negative environmental changes in the study area, partly confirming findings from national monitoring. Results also suggest that: less grazing outside the study area, improved access, permanent water supply, and fencing of large areas, also contributed. Results show that improved water supply was the most important factor. Investigation of the influence of permanent water points on grazing resources showed that perennial grasses are replaced by less palatable annual grasses as far as 6 km from water points along a water pipeline. No significant grazing induced changes in grass composition were observed around privately owned wells. Private ownership seems to be a key factor preventing over-utilization of grazing resources around the latter. A remote sensing study using Landsat TM imagery identified bare ground, saltpans and grassland with a fair accuracy. Separation of woodland from shrubland and shrubland from grassland was less accurate using supervised classification. The results show that the soil adjusted vegetation index provides valuable information about variations of green biomass over time in semi-arid environments. However, it is suggested that satellite based investigations should be supported by thorough ground based assessment due to the influence of underlying soil in this environment.
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| 8. |
- Murillo, Maria del Pilar, 1983, et al.
(author)
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6-OHDA-Induced Changes in Colonic Segment Contractility in the Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.
- 2023
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In: Gastroenterology research and practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-6121 .- 1687-630X. ; 2023
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The exact mechanisms behind these symptoms are not clearly understood. Studies in the well-established 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats of PD have shown altered contractility in isolated circular and longitudinal smooth muscle strips of distal colon. Contractile changes in proximal colon and distal ileum are nevertheless poorly studied. Moreover, segments may serve as better tissue preparations to understand the interplay between circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. This study aimed to compare changes in contractility between isolated full-thickness distal colon muscle strips and segments, and extend the investigation to proximal colon and distal ileum in the 6-OHDA rat model.Spontaneous contractions and contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and by the non-selective muscarinic agonist methacholine were investigated in strip and/or segment preparations of smooth muscle tissue from distal and proximal colon and distal ileum in an in vitro organ bath comparing 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with Sham-operated animals. Key Results. Our data showed increased contractility evoked by EFS and methacholine in segments, but not in circular and longitudinal tissue strips of distal colon after central 6-OHDA-induced dopamine denervation. Changes in proximal colon segments were also displayed in high K+ Krebs-induced contractility and spontaneous contractions.This study further confirms changes in smooth muscle contractility in distal colon and to some extent in proximal colon, but not in distal ileum in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD. However, the changes depended on tissue preparation.
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| 10. |
- Vonk, Jorien, et al.
(author)
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A centennial record of fluvial organic matter input from the discontinuous permafrost catchment of Lake Torneträsk
- 2012
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 117:G03018, s. 1-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-latitude regions are underlain by the most organic carbon (OC)-rich soils on earth and currently subject to intense climate warming, potentially increasing remobilization and mineralization of soil OC. Sub-Arctic Scandinavia is located on the 0°C mean annual isotherm and is therefore particularly vulnerable to climate change. This study aimed to establish a baseline for soil OC release over the past century into Lake Torneträsk, the largest lake in sub-Arctic Scandinavia, through bulk geochemical and molecular radiocarbon analyses in chronologically constrained sediment cores. Our results suggest a dominance of peat-derived terrestrial OC inflow. We show that the annual terrestrial OC inflow to the lake is ∼12 times higher than the in-lake produced particulate OC, and consists for a large part (ca. 60%) of old OC from deep reservoirs in the catchment. The sedimentary record shows signs of increasing inflow of more degraded terrestrial matter since ∼1975, as indicated by increasing %TOC concentrations, a lower δ13C value and lower TOC:TN ratios. Based on simultaneous changes in local climate and reported signs of permafrost degradation (e.g., active layer deepening, mire/peat erosion), the observed changes in the sedimentary record of Scandinavia's largest mountain lake likely reflect a climate warming-induced change in terrestrial OC inflow.
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