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Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Recovery : Part II
- Kennedy, M. W. (author)
-
- Sun, Tianming (author)
- KTH,Materialvetenskap
- Yurramendi, L. (author)
- show more...
- Arnout, S. (author)
- Aune, R. E. (author)
- Tranell, G. (author)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- 2017-11-28
- 2017
- English.
- In: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. - : Springer. - 2199-3823 .- 2199-3831. ; 3:4, s. 846-857
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Apatite, Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F, is a useful raw material for the production of both elemental phosphorus and phosphoric acid, and the mine tailings present at Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) in Kiruna, Sweden, represent a significant potential European source of apatite if upgraded to a concentrate. In the present study, pilot apatite concentrate made from the LKAB tailings has been pyrometallurgically treated using carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C, with the ultimate objective of recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from the resulting slag/residue phases. Experimental behavior has been modeled using equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC ® . A process is proposed, and mass–energy balance presented, for the simultaneous production of P 4 and CaC 2 (ultimately for acetylene, C 2 H 2 , and PVC production) from apatite, producing a lime residue significantly enriched in REEs. Possible implications to kiln-based processing of apatite are also discussed.
Subject headings
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Materialteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Materials Engineering (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Apatite
- IHP
- Improved hard process
- Phosphorus
- Rare earth
- REE
- Smelting
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- Kennedy, M. W.
- Sun, Tianming
- Yurramendi, L.
- Arnout, S.
- Aune, R. E.
- Tranell, G.
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