The exceptional X-ray evolution of SN 1996cr in high resolution

• We present X-ray spectra spanning 18 yr of evolution for SN 1996cr, one of the five nearest SNe detected in the modern era. Chandra HETG exposures in 2000, 2004, and 2009 allow us to resolve spectrally the velocity profiles of Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe emission lines and monitor their evolution as tracers of the ejecta-circumstellar medium interaction. To explain the diversity of X-ray line profiles, we explore several possible geometrical models. Based on the highest signal-to-noise 2009 epoch, we find that a polar geometry with two distinct opening angle configurations and internal obscuration can successfully reproduce all of the observed line profiles. The best-fitting model consists of two plasma components: (1) a mildly absorbed (2x10(21) cm(-2)), cooler (approximate to 2 keV) with high Ne, Mg, Si, and S abundances associated with a wide polar interaction region (half-opening angle approximate to 58 degrees); (2) a moderately absorbed (2 x 10(22) cm(-2)), hotter (greater than or similar to 20 keV) plasma with high Fe abundances and strong internal obscuration associated with a narrow polar interaction region (half-opening angle approximate to 20 degrees). We extend this model to seven further epochs with lower signal-to-noise ratio and/or lower spectral-resolution between 2000 and 2018, yielding several interesting trends in absorption, flux, geometry, and expansion velocity. We argue that the hotter and colder components are associated with reflected and forward shocks, respectively, at least at later epochs. We discuss the physical implications of our results and plausible explosion scenarios to understand the X-ray data of SN1996cr.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

methods: observational

circumstellar matter

supernovae: general

supernovae: individual (SN 1996cr)

stars: winds

outflows

X-rays: individual (SN 1996cr)

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)