Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention

QC 20201209
Title manuscript: Commentary Proteasome and reactive oxygen species dysfunction as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection; consider N-acetylcystein as therapeutic intervention
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, a need for evaluation of already available drugs for treatment of the disease is crucial. Hereby, based on literature review from the current pandemic and previous outbreaks with corona viruses we analyze the impact of the virus infection on cell stress responses and redox balance. High levels of mortality are noticed in elderly individuals infected with SARS-CoV2 and during the previous SARS-CoV1 outbreak. Elderly individuals maintain a chronic low level of inflammation which is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production, a condition that increases the severity of viral infections in this population. Coronavirus infections can lead to alterations of redox balance in infected cells through modulation of NAD + biosynthesis, PARP function along with altering proteasome and mitochondrial function in the cell thereby leading to enhanced cell stress responses which further exacerbate inflammation. ROS production can increase IL-6 production and lipid peroxidation resulting in cell damage. Therefore, early treatment with anti-oxidants such as NAC during COVID-19 can be a way to bypass the excessive inflammation and cell damage that lead to severe infection, thus early NAC as intervention should be evaluated in a clinical trial setting.

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Klinisk medicin Infektionsmedicin hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Clinical Medicine Infectious Medicine hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper Immunologi inom det medicinska området hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Immunology in the medical area hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper Farmaceutiska vetenskaper hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences hsv//eng
Antioxidants
Article
C reactive protein
COVID-19
N-acetylcysteine
Oxidative stress
SARS-CoV2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
acetylcysteine
aging
angiotensin converting enzyme 2
cell stress
coronavirus disease 2019
cryopyrin
cytokine production
cytokine release
group 2d secretory phospholipase a2
homeostasis
human
immune response
inflammasome
innate immunity
interferon
interleukin 6
mortality
neutrophil cytosol factor 1
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide adenosine diphos
nonhuman
oxidation reduction reaction
oxidative phosphorylation
peptides and proteins
priority journal
proteasome
protein expression
reactive oxygen metabolite
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphat
toll like receptor 4
tryptophan 2
3 dioxygenase
tumor necrosis factor
unclassified drug
viremia
Biology with specialization in Molecular Immunology
Infektionssjukdomar
Immunologi

McArdle, SNottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK (author)
Gaudernack, GUltimovacs ASA, Oslo, Norway (author)
Westman, Gabriel,1977-Uppsala universitet,Infektionsmedicin(Swepub:uu)gawes21 (author)
Melief, CLeiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; ISA Pharmaceuticals, Leiden, The Netherlands (author)
Rockberg, JohanKTH,Proteinteknologi,Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden(Swepub:kth)u130jo0a (author)
Arens, RLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (author)
Kouretas, DDept Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (author)
Sjölin, JanUppsala universitet,Infektionsmedicin(Swepub:uu)jasjo255 (author)
Mangsbo, Sara,1981-Uppsala universitet,Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap,Ultimovacs AB, Uppsala Sweden,Immunonkologi(Swepub:uu)saman132 (author)
Ultimovacs AB, Uppsala, SwedenNottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK (creator_code:org_t)

By the author/editor: Nasi, A; McArdle, S; Gaudernack, G; Westman, Gabriel ...; Melief, C; Rockberg, Johan; show more...; Arens, R; Kouretas, D; Sjölin, Jan; Mangsbo, Sara, 1 ...; show less...

About the subject

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Infectious Medic ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Basic Medicine; and Immunology in th ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Basic Medicine; and Pharmaceutical S ...

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