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Use of localised techniques to elucidate the influence of process variables on the corrosion of stainless steels
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- Fuertes, Nuria (author)
- KTH,Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap,Swerim AB
- Pettersson, Rachel (thesis advisor)
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- Odnevall, Inger, Professor, 1965- (thesis advisor)
- KTH,Materialvetenskap,Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap
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- Lyon, Stuart (opponent)
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- (creator_code:org_t)
- ISBN 9789178739912
- Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021
- English 95 s.
- Series: TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2021:36
- Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)
Abstract
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- Several factors during steel manufacture and fabrication can alter the passivity and corrosion behaviour of stainless steels. These include alloying, deformation, welding and heat treatments.In this work a combination of local techniques, such as Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) and Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM), and surface and microstructural analytical techniques, such as Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is used to elucidate the influence of process variables on the corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Different manufacturing processes, such as casting, rolling or additive manufacturing (AM) (Paper V), fabrication processes, such as welding (Paper III) and deformation (Paper I and IV), and post-processing, such as heat and high pressure treatments (Paper II and V) and post-weld cleaning (Paper II) are studied.The results showed that deformation can have a major impact on microstructure but a smaller impact on corrosion. Plastic deformation decreased irreversibly the Volta potential, whereas elastic deformation did not have any permanent effect. The potential was dependent on composition, passive film thickness and deformation but not on the crystallographic orientation. Thermal oxides formed after welding were detrimental to corrosion resistance. SVET showed anodic activity on the weld areas with oxides where pitting initiated, explained by the interplay between the composition and the thickness of the oxides. Brushing combined with pickling was recommended for restoring the corrosion resistance. Long-term ageing of a Cu-alloyed 2507 caused precipitation of Cu-rich ε particles which showed the lowest potential and were most severely pitted, plus nitrides which were the most noble. Intermetallic sigma phase observed in the AM 2507 after HIP heat treatment with slow cooling resulted in a decreased corrosion resistance. However, it was concluded that AM 2507 exhibits similar or even higher corrosion resistance than conventional 2507 if appropriate post-processing parameters are applied.This thesis provides scientific insights to facilitate the correct manufacturing, fabrication and use of stainless steels.
- Flera faktorer under ståltillverkning och fabrikation kan förändra passivitet och korrosionsbeständighet hos rostfritt stål. Dessa inkluderar legering, deformation, svetsning och värmebehandlingar.I detta arbete har en kombination av lokala tekniker, såsom Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) och Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM), och yt- och mikrostruktur analytiska tekniker, såsom Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) och X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) använts för att studera processvariablernas påverkan på korrosionsbeständighet hos rostfritt stål. Olika tillverkningsprocesser, såsom gjutning, valsning eller additiv tillverkning (AM) (Papper V), produktionsprocesser, såsom svetsning (Papper III) och kall deformation (Papper I och IV), och efterbehandling, såsom värme- och tryckbehandlingar (HPHT) (Papper II och V) och svetsrengöring (Papper II) har undersökts. Resultaten visade att deformation kan ha en stor inverkan på mikrostruktur men en mindre påverkan på korrosionsegenskaper. Plastisk deformation minskade Volta potentialen irreversibelt, medan elastisk deformation inte hade någon permanent effekt. Potentialen var beroende av sammansättning, passiv filmtjocklek och deformation men inte på kristallografisk riktning. Termiska oxider som bildades efter svetsning minskade korrosionsbeständigheten. SVET visade anodisk aktivitet på svetsområdena med oxider där punktangrepp initierades; detta kan förklaras genom samverkan mellan sammansättningen och oxidtjockleken. Borstning i kombination med betning rekommenderades för att återställa korrosionsbeständigheten. Långtidsvärmebehandling av ett Cu-legerat 2507 orsakade utskiljning av Cu-rika ε partiklar som visade lägst potential och korroderade snabbast, plus nitrider som var ädlaste. Intermetalliska sigmafas i AM 2507 efter HPHT med långsam kylning resulterade i minskad korrosionsbeständighet. Slutsatsen var att AM 2507 uppvisar liknande eller bättre korrosionsbeständighet än konventionella 2507 om rätt efterbearbetningsparametrar tillämpas.Denna avhandling bidrar med vetenskapliga insikter som kan främja korrekt tillverkning, fabrikation och användning av rostfritt stål.
Subject headings
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Kemiteknik -- Korrosionsteknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Chemical Engineering -- Corrosion Engineering (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Stainless steel
- corrosion
- passive film
- thermal oxides
- Volta potential
- pickling
- deformation
- cold rolling
- AM
- SKPFM
- SVET
- Kemi
- Chemistry
Publication and Content Type
- vet (subject category)
- dok (subject category)
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