Variants of the PPARD Gene and Their Clinicopathological Significance in Colorectal Cancer

• Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) is nuclear hormone receptor involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) differentiation and progression. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and spectrum of variants in the PPARD gene in CRC, and their contribution to clinicopathological endpoints. Methods and Findings: Direct sequencing of the PPARD gene was performed in 303 primary tumors, in blood samples from 50 patients with greater than= 3 affected first-degree relatives, 50 patients with 2 affected first-degree relatives, 50 sporadic patients, 360 healthy controls, and in 6 colon cancer cell lines. Mutation analysis revealed 22 different transversions, 7 of them were novel. Three of all variants were somatic (c. 548Agreater thanG, p.Y183C, c.425-9Cgreater thanT, and c.628-16Ggreater thanA). Two missense mutations (p.Y183C and p.R258Q) were pathogenic using in silico predictive program. Five recurrent variants were detected in/adjacent to the exons 4 (c.1-87Tgreater thanC, c.1-67Ggreater thanA, c.130+3Ggreater thanA, and c.1-101-8Cgreater thanT) and exon 7 (c.489Tgreater thanC). Variant c.489C/C detected in tumors was correlated to worse differentiation (P=0.0397). Conclusions: We found 7 novel variants among 22 inherited or acquired PPARD variants. Somatic and/or missense variants detected in CRC patients are rare but indicate the clinical importance of the PPARD gene.

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