Manifolds in Image Science and Visualization

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Manifolds in Image Science and Visualization

Brun, Anders, 1976- (author): Linköpings universitet,Medicinsk informatik,Tekniska högskolan

Knutsson, Hans (thesis advisor): Linköpings universitet,Medicinsk informatik,Tekniska högskolan

Herberthson, Magnus (thesis advisor): Linköpings universitet,Tillämpad matematik,Tekniska högskolan

Westin, Carl-Fredrik (thesis advisor)

Wilson, Roland, Professor (opponent): Warwick University

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ISBN 9789185715022
Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2007
English 151 s.
Series: Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, 0345-7524 ; 1157

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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)

Abstract Subject headings

A Riemannian manifold is a mathematical concept that generalizes curved surfaces to higher dimensions, giving a precise meaning to concepts like angle, length, area, volume and curvature. A glimpse of the consequences of a non-ﬂat geometry is given on the sphere, where the shortest path between two points – a geodesic – is along a great circle. Different from Euclidean space, the angle sum of geodesic triangles on the sphere is always larger than 180 degrees.Signals and data found in applied research are sometimes naturally described by such curved spaces. This dissertation presents basic research and tools for the analysis, processing and visualization of such manifold-valued data, with a particular emphasis on future applications in medical imaging and visualization.Two-dimensional manifolds, i.e. surfaces, enter naturally into the geometric modelling of anatomical entities, such as the human brain cortex and the colon. In advanced algorithms for processing of images obtained from computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound imaging (US), images themselves and derived local structure tensor ﬁelds may be interpreted as two- or three-dimensional manifolds. In diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), the natural description of diffusion in the human body is a second-order tensor ﬁeld, which can be related to the metric of a manifold. A ﬁnal example is the analysis of shape variations of anatomical entities, e.g. the lateral ventricles in the brain, within a population by describing the set of all possible shapes as a manifold.Work presented in this dissertation include: Probabilistic interpretation of intrinsic and extrinsic means in manifolds. A Bayesian approach to ﬁltering of vector data, removing noise from sampled manifolds and signals. Principles for the storage of tensor ﬁeld data and learning a natural metric for empirical data.The main contribution is a novel class of algorithms called LogMaps, for the numerical estimation of logp (x) from empirical data sampled from a low-dimensional manifold or geometric model embedded in Euclidean space. The logp (x) function has been used extensively in the literature for processing data in manifolds, including applications in medical imaging such as shape analysis. However, previous approaches have been limited to manifolds where closed form expressions of logp (x) have been known. The introduction of the LogMap framework allows for a generalization of the previous methods. The application of LogMaps to texture mapping, tensor ﬁeld visualization, medial locus estimation and exploratory data analysis is also presented.

Subject headings

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Medicinteknik -- Medicinsk laboratorie- och mätteknik (hsv//swe)
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Medical Engineering -- Medical Laboratory and Measurements Technologies (hsv//eng)

Keyword

manifold learning
image analysis
signal processing
diffusion tensor mri
Medical engineering
Medicinsk teknik

Publication and Content Type

vet (subject category)
dok (subject category)

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