Apoptosis in liver diseases - detection and therapeutic applications

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Apoptosis in liver diseases - detection and therapeutic applications

Ghavami, Saeid (author): Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Hashemi, M. (author): Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Kadkhoda, K. (author): Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Alavian, S. M. (author): Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Bay, G. H. (author): Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Los, Marek Jan (author): Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Cancer Care Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Child Health; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada,

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2005
2005
English.
In: Medical Science Monitor. - 1234-1010 .- 1643-3750. ; 11:11, s. RA337-RA345

Related links:: https://liu.diva-por... (primary) (Raw object); show more...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; show less...

Research review (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

The liver is continuously exposed to a large antigenic load that includes pathogens, toxins, tumor cells and dietary antigens. Amongst the hepatitis viruses, only hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Of the different antiviral defense systems employed by the tissue, apoptosis significantly contributes to the prevention of viral replication, dissemination, and persistence. Loss of tolerance to the liver autoantigens may result in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This review outlines the recent findings that highlight the role and mechanisms of apoptotic processes in the course of liver diseases. Among factors that contribute to liver pathology, we discuss the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, HBx, ds-PKR, TRAIL, FasL, and IL-1 alpha. Since TNF and FasL-induced hepatocyte apoptosis is implicated in a wide range of liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusion liver injury, and fulminant hepatic failure, these items will be discussed in greater detail in this review. We also highlight some recent discoveries that pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies by protecting hepatocytes (for example by employing Bcl-2, Bcl-X-L or A1/Bfl-1, IAPs, or synthetic caspase inhibitors), or by the induction of apoptosis in stellate cells. The assessment of the severity of liver disease, as well as monitoring of patients with chronic liver disease, remains a major challenge in clinical hepatology practice. Therefore, a separate chapter is devoted to a novel cytochrome c - based method useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of fulminant hepatitis.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinsk bioteknologi -- Medicinsk bioteknologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Medical Biotechnology -- Medical Biotechnology (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Cancer och onkologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Cancer and Oncology (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Cellbiologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Cell Biology (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Biokemi och molekylärbiologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Apoptosis
cell-death
cirrhosis
cytochrome c
cytochrome-c
death receptors
factor-alpha
fulminant hepatic-failure
hepatitis
mediated apoptosis
mitochondrial permeability transition
mitochondrial death pathway
nf-kappa-b
primary biliary-cirrhosis
tumor-necrosis-factor
virus ns2 protein

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By the author/editor: Ghavami, Saeid; Hashemi, M.; Kadkhoda, K.; Alavian, S. M.; Bay, G. H.; Los, Marek Jan

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Medical Biotechn ...; and Medical Biotechn ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Cancer and Oncol ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Cell Biology

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Biochemistry and ...

Articles in the publication: Medical Science ...

By the university: Linköping University

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