A global review of marine air pollution policies, their scope and effectiveness

Gössling, StefanLinnaeus University,Lund University,Lunds universitet,Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE),Western Norway Research Institute, Norway;Lund University, Sweden,Institutionen för tjänstevetenskap,Samhällsvetenskapliga institutioner och centrumbildningar,Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten,Department of Service Studies,Departments of Administrative, Economic and Social Sciences,Faculty of Social Sciences (author)

Shipping is associated with various environmental impacts, such as pollutants discharged to air and sea. Much of this pollution appears to be unregulated, and global emissions from shipping are expected to more than triple between 2020 and 2050. This paper reviews global, national, regional and port-level legislative approaches that have been implemented to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM). Policies are identified on the basis of a systematic review of the literature in combination with a detailed analysis of the respective global, national and local policy initiatives. Findings suggest that many policies are voluntary or, in ports, incentive-based; regulatory approaches are largely limited to Emission Control Areas. Policies also focus on efficiencies, they are not concerned with absolute pollutant and greenhouse gas levels. No policies incentivizing or forcing the transition to zero-carbon fuels were identified. As ports can define limits to pollution, for instance by demanding shore power use, they can significantly affect the clean development of the sector. Further legislation will be needed nationally to counterbalance the lack of supranational ambition on pollutants and climate change mitigation.

NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Miljövetenskap hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences hsv//eng
SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Ekonomi och näringsliv hsv//swe
SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics and Business hsv//eng
Climate change
Marine policy
Pollutants
Ports
Shipping
Carbon dioxide
Emission control
Greenhouse gases
Marine pollution
Nitrogen oxides
Public policy
Ships
Carbon dioxides (CO)
Global emissions
Marine air
Nitrous oxide
NO$-x$
Particulate Matter
Port
Sulfur oxide
Unregulated emissions
atmospheric pollution
environmental impact assessment
greenhouse gas
Miljövetenskap
Environmental Science
Climate change
Marine policy
Pollutants
Ports
Shipping

Meyer-Habighorst, ChristianeWestern Norway Research Institute, Norway (author)
Humpe, AndreasMunich University of Applied Sciences, Germany (author)
LinnéuniversitetetInstitutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE) (creator_code:org_t)

By the author/editor: Gössling, Stefan; Meyer-Habighorst ...; Humpe, Andreas

About the subject

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Environmental Sc ...

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